Synthesis of Parallel Software from Heterogeneous Dataflow Models
Dataflow process networks (DPNs) are intrinsically data-driven, i.e., node actions are not synchronized among each other and may fire whenever sufficient input operands arrived at a node. While the general model of computation (MoC) of DPNs does not impose further restrictions, many different subcla...
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| Vydáno v: | SN computer science Ročník 3; číslo 3; s. 249 |
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| Abstract | Dataflow process networks (DPNs) are intrinsically data-driven, i.e., node actions are not synchronized among each other and may fire whenever sufficient input operands arrived at a node. While the general model of computation (MoC) of DPNs does not impose further restrictions, many different subclasses of DPNs representing different dataflow MoCs have been considered over time. These classes mainly differ in the kinds of behaviors of the processes. A DPN may be heterogeneous in that different processes in the network belong to different classes of DPNs. A heterogeneous DPN can therefore be effectively used to model and to implement different components of a system with different kinds of processes and, therefore, different dataflow MoCs. This paper presents a model-based design based on different dataflow MoCs including their heterogeneous combinations. In particular, it covers the automatic software synthesis of systems from DPN models. The main objective is to validate, evaluate and compare the artifacts exhibited by different dataflow MoCs at the implementation level of systems under the supervision of a common design tool. Moreover, this work also offers an efficient synthesis method that targets and exploits heterogeneity in DPNs by generating implementations based on the kinds of behaviors of the processes. The proposed synthesis method provides a tool chain including different specialized code generators for specific dataflow MoCs, and a runtime system that finally maps models using a combination of different dataflow MoCs on cross-vendor target hardware. |
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| AbstractList | Dataflow process networks (DPNs) are intrinsically data-driven, i.e., node actions are not synchronized among each other and may fire whenever sufficient input operands arrived at a node. While the general model of computation (MoC) of DPNs does not impose further restrictions, many different subclasses of DPNs representing different dataflow MoCs have been considered over time. These classes mainly differ in the kinds of behaviors of the processes. A DPN may be heterogeneous in that different processes in the network belong to different classes of DPNs. A heterogeneous DPN can therefore be effectively used to model and to implement different components of a system with different kinds of processes and, therefore, different dataflow MoCs. This paper presents a model-based design based on different dataflow MoCs including their heterogeneous combinations. In particular, it covers the automatic software synthesis of systems from DPN models. The main objective is to validate, evaluate and compare the artifacts exhibited by different dataflow MoCs at the implementation level of systems under the supervision of a common design tool. Moreover, this work also offers an efficient synthesis method that targets and exploits heterogeneity in DPNs by generating implementations based on the kinds of behaviors of the processes. The proposed synthesis method provides a tool chain including different specialized code generators for specific dataflow MoCs, and a runtime system that finally maps models using a combination of different dataflow MoCs on cross-vendor target hardware. |
| ArticleNumber | 249 |
| Author | Schneider, Klaus Rafique, Omair |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Omair orcidid: 0000-0003-3360-5578 surname: Rafique fullname: Rafique, Omair email: rafique@cs.uni-kl.de organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern – sequence: 2 givenname: Klaus surname: Schneider fullname: Schneider, Klaus organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern |
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Synthesis of heterogeneous dataflow models from synchronous specifications. In: Computers, software, and applications conference (COMPSAC). Virtual Conference, 2021. IEEE Computer Society. KahnGRosenfeldJLThe semantics of a simple language for parallel programmingInformation processing1974StockholmNorth-Holland471475 Lee JH, Nigania N, Kim H, Patel K and Kim H. OpenCL performance evaluation on modern multicore CPUs. Sci Programm. 2015; pp. 859491:1–859491:20 FalkJHaubeltCTeichJZebeleinCSysteMoC: a data-flow programming language for codesign2017NetherlandsSpringer5997 Rafique O, Bai Y, Schneider K and Yan G. Efficient implementation of heterogeneous dataflow models using synchronous IO patterns. In: Euromicro conference on digital system design (DSD). Palermo, Sicily, Italy, 2021; pp. 82–9. IEEE Computer Society. 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Bounded scheduling of process networks. PhD thesis, Princeton University, 1995. PhD. StuijkSGeilenMTheelenBDBastenTCarroLPimentelADScenario-aware dataflow: modeling, analysis and implementation of dynamic applicationsInternational conference on embedded computer systems: architectures, modeling, and simulation (SAMOS)2011SamosIEEE Computer Society404411 Rafique O, Schneider K. Automatic software synthesis of static and dynamic dataflow process networks. In: International workshop on interplay of model-driven and component-based software engineering. Munich, Germany; 2019. TarjanRDepth first search and linear graph algorithmsSIAM J Comput (SICOMP)19721214616030417810.1137/0201010 Kuhn T, Forster T, Braun T and Gotzhein R. FERAL—framework for simulator coupling on requirements and architecture level. In: Formal methods and models for codesign. Portland, OR, USA, 2013; pp. 11–22. IEEE Computer Society. Rafique O and Schneider K. SHeD: a framework for automatic software synthesis of heterogeneous dataflow process networks. In: Euromicro conference on digital system design (DSD), Portoroz̆, Slovenia, 2020. IEEE Computer Society. FaustiniAANielsenMSchmidtEMAn operational semantics for pure data flowInternational colloquium on automata1982ÅrhusSpringer212224 KarpRMMillerREProperties of a model for parallel computations: determinacy, termination, queueingSIAM J Appl Math (SIAP)19661461390141123044610.1137/0114108 DennisJBRobinetBFirst version of a data-flow procedure languageProgramming symposium1974ParisSpringer36237610.1007/3-540-06859-7_145 HaubeltCFalkJKeinertJSchlichterTStreubührMDeyhleAHadertATeichJA SystemC-based design methodology for digital signal processing systemsEURASIP J Embed Syst200720071151510.1186/1687-3963-2007-047580 Kahn G and MacQueen DB. Coroutines and networks of parallel processes. In: Gilchrist B, editor, Information processing. North-Holland, 1977; pp. 993–8. 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Lausanne, Switzerland, 2014. IEEE Computer Society, pp. 32–41. Buck JT. Scheduling dynamic dataflow graphs with bounded memory using the token flow model. PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, 1993. PhD. GeilenMBastenTDeganoPRequirements on the execution of Kahn process networksEuropean symposium on programming (ESOP)2003WarsawSpringer3193341032.68025 StoneJEGoharaDShiGOpenCL: a parallel programming standard for heterogeneous computing systemsComput Sci Eng2010123667310.1109/MCSE.2010.69 Eker J and Janneck JW. CAL language report. ERL Technical Memo UCB/ERL M03/48, EECS Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA, 2003. 1102_CR32 1102_CR30 1102_CR35 1102_CR1 1102_CR36 1102_CR2 1102_CR33 1102_CR3 1102_CR34 I Sander (1102_CR42) 2017 JE Stone (1102_CR47) 2010; 12 1102_CR39 1102_CR38 J Falk (1102_CR16) 2017 JB Dennis (1102_CR11) 1974 L Schor (1102_CR44) 2012 1102_CR43 1102_CR40 A Benveniste (1102_CR4) 1999 1102_CR41 1102_CR45 K Didier (1102_CR12) 2019; 16 R Tarjan (1102_CR50) 1972; 1 D Potop-Butucaru (1102_CR31) 2006; 28 S Stuijk (1102_CR48) 2011 1102_CR49 CX Brooks (1102_CR9) 2010 1102_CR10 AA Faustini (1102_CR17) 1982 EA Lee (1102_CR26) 1987; 75 1102_CR13 O Rafique (1102_CR37) 2013 J Eker (1102_CR14) 2003; 91 RM Karp (1102_CR23) 1966; 14 C Haubelt (1102_CR20) 2007; 2007 1102_CR15 G Berry (1102_CR6) 1992; 19 1102_CR19 SS Bhattacharyya (1102_CR7) 2011; 63 1102_CR21 J Shen (1102_CR46) 2013; 39 1102_CR24 1102_CR25 M Geilen (1102_CR18) 2003 G Kahn (1102_CR22) 1974 J Boutellier (1102_CR8) 2018; 66 1102_CR28 A Benveniste (1102_CR5) 2003; 91 1102_CR29 EA Lee (1102_CR27) 1995; 83 |
| References_xml | – reference: Engels M, Bilsen G, Lauwereins R and Peperstraete J. Cyclo-static dataflow. In: International conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP). Detroit, Michigan, USA, 1995. IEEE Computer Society, pp. 3255–8. – reference: Parks TM, Pino JL and Lee EA. A comparison of synchronous and cyclo-static dataflow. In: Asilomar conference on signals, systems and computers. Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 1995; pp. 204–210. IEEE Computer Society. – reference: Rafique O, Schneider K. Automatic software synthesis of static and dynamic dataflow process networks. In: International workshop on interplay of model-driven and component-based software engineering. Munich, Germany; 2019. – reference: Bai Y. Model-based design of embedded systems by desynchronization. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, 2016. PhD. – reference: DidierKPotop-ButucaruDIoossGCohenASouyrisJBaufretonPGraillatACorrect-by-construction parallelization of hard real-time avionics applications on off-the-shelf predictable hardwareACM Trans Archit Code Optim201916324:124:2710.1145/3328799 – reference: BenvenisteACaillaudBLe GuernicPBaetenJCMMauwSFrom synchrony to asynchronyConcurrency theory (CONCUR)1999EindhovenSpringer16217710.1007/3-540-48320-9_13 – reference: Bai Y, Schneider K, Bhardwaj N, Katti B and Shazadi T. From clock-driven to data-driven models. In: Formal methods and models for codesign. Lausanne, Switzerland, 2014. IEEE Computer Society, pp. 32–41. – reference: TarjanRDepth first search and linear graph algorithmsSIAM J Comput (SICOMP)19721214616030417810.1137/0201010 – reference: Girault A. A survey of automatic distribution method for synchronous programs. In: Synchronous languages, applications, and programming (SLAP). Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, 2005, pp. 1–20. (unpublished workshop proceedings) – reference: Rafique O and Schneider K. A model-based synthesis framework for the execution of dynamic dataflow actors. In: International conference on internet of things embedded systems and communications. Hammamet, Tunisia, 2018. IEEE Computer Society. – reference: BenvenisteACaspiPEdwardsSHalbwachsNLe GuernicPde SimoneRThe synchronous languages twelve years laterProc IEEE2003911648310.1109/JPROC.2002.805826 – reference: GeilenMBastenTDeganoPRequirements on the execution of Kahn process networksEuropean symposium on programming (ESOP)2003WarsawSpringer3193341032.68025 – reference: BrooksCXLeeEATripakisSGivargisTDonlinAExploring models of computation with Ptolemy IIInternational conference on hardware/software codesign and system synthesis (CODES+ISSS)2010ScottsdaleACM331332 – reference: BhattacharyyaSSEkerJJanneckJWLucarzCMattavelliMRauletMOverview of the MPEG reconfigurable video coding frameworkJ Signal Process Syst201163225126310.1007/s11265-009-0399-3 – reference: Eker J and Janneck JW. CAL language report. ERL Technical Memo UCB/ERL M03/48, EECS Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA, 2003. – reference: Parks TM. Bounded scheduling of process networks. PhD thesis, Princeton University, 1995. PhD. – reference: Rafique O and Schneider K. SHeD: a framework for automatic software synthesis of heterogeneous dataflow process networks. In: Euromicro conference on digital system design (DSD), Portoroz̆, Slovenia, 2020. IEEE Computer Society. – reference: BerryGGonthierGThe Esterel synchronous programming language: design, semantics, implementationSci Comput Program19921928715210.1016/0167-6423(92)90005-V – reference: Rafique O, Bai Y, Schneider K and Yan G. Efficient implementation of heterogeneous dataflow models using synchronous IO patterns. In: Euromicro conference on digital system design (DSD). Palermo, Sicily, Italy, 2021; pp. 82–9. IEEE Computer Society. – reference: Rafique O and Schneider K. Employing OpenCL as a standard hardware abstraction in a distributed embedded system: a case study. In: Conference on cyber-physical systems and internet-of-things. Budva, Montenegro, 2020; pp. 1–7. 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| SubjectTerms | Behavior Computer Imaging Computer Science Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks Data Structures and Information Theory Design Embedded systems Heterogeneity Information Systems and Communication Service Methods Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development Original Research Pattern Recognition and Graphics Semantics Software Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems Synthesis Vision |
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