Exploring the statistical characteristics of coastal winter precipitation measured using a Parsivel2 disdrometer: A case study in North Carolina

A drop size distribution (DSD) of a precipitation event is a key characteristic and plays a critical role in quantitative precipitation estimation. In this study, DSD datasets were collected by a Parsivel2 disdrometer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, U.S. from October 2021 to April 2022. The micro...

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Vydané v:	Atmospheric research Ročník 307; s. 107487
Hlavní autori:	Yuan, Lifeng, Mikelonis, Anne M., Pirhalla, Michael
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Elsevier B.V 01.09.2024
Predmet:	case studies data collection DSD environmental fate Kinetic energy liquids Microphysical processes North Carolina Parsivel radar rain Raindrop size distribution water content North Carolina Microphysical processes Raindrop size distribution DSD Kinetic energy Parsivel
ISSN:	0169-8095, 1873-2895
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Abstract	A drop size distribution (DSD) of a precipitation event is a key characteristic and plays a critical role in quantitative precipitation estimation. In this study, DSD datasets were collected by a Parsivel2 disdrometer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, U.S. from October 2021 to April 2022. The microphysical and statistical characteristics of the DSD were examined. For this period, the contribution of small raindrops (< 1 mm) to the total number concentration (Nt) was the largest, while the contribution of large raindrops (3―8 mm) to Nt was the smallest. As expected, large raindrops had the largest impact on rain rate (R), liquid water content (W), and radar reflectivity factor (Z), while small raindrops had the least. The shape of the averaged DSDs was similar for different rain rates while the width of the raindrop concentration spectrum increased as rain rates increased. The average mass-weighted diameter Dm (log10Nw, generalized intercept parameter) value for all rain events was found to be 1.11 mm (4.54), while for stratiform rains Dm was 1.18 mm (4.65), and for convective rains, it was 0.89 mm (4.17). The empirical relationships between rain intercept parameter (N0) vs shape factor (μ), μ vs slope factor (Λ), log10Nw vs median volume diameter (D0), D0 vs R, R vs kinetic energy (KE), and Z―R relationship were also derived. These findings are useful for design of rainfall simulators and for better understanding erosive properties of rainfall that contribute to contaminant fate and transport. •Quantified a data loss ratio in observations from the Parsivel2 instrument.•Calculated the proportion of different drop size classes to rain microphysical parameters.•Derived various empirical relationships for a gamma-fitting drop size distribution and rain parameters.•Identified the microphysical characteristics of precipitation in the coastal North Carolina region.
AbstractList	A drop size distribution (DSD) of a precipitation event is a key characteristic and plays a critical role in quantitative precipitation estimation. In this study, DSD datasets were collected by a Parsivel2 disdrometer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, U.S. from October 2021 to April 2022. The microphysical and statistical characteristics of the DSD were examined. For this period, the contribution of small raindrops (< 1 mm) to the total number concentration (Nt) was the largest, while the contribution of large raindrops (3―8 mm) to Nt was the smallest. As expected, large raindrops had the largest impact on rain rate (R), liquid water content (W), and radar reflectivity factor (Z), while small raindrops had the least. The shape of the averaged DSDs was similar for different rain rates while the width of the raindrop concentration spectrum increased as rain rates increased. The average mass-weighted diameter Dm (log10Nw, generalized intercept parameter) value for all rain events was found to be 1.11 mm (4.54), while for stratiform rains Dm was 1.18 mm (4.65), and for convective rains, it was 0.89 mm (4.17). The empirical relationships between rain intercept parameter (N0) vs shape factor (μ), μ vs slope factor (Λ), log10Nw vs median volume diameter (D0), D0 vs R, R vs kinetic energy (KE), and Z―R relationship were also derived. These findings are useful for design of rainfall simulators and for better understanding erosive properties of rainfall that contribute to contaminant fate and transport. •Quantified a data loss ratio in observations from the Parsivel2 instrument.•Calculated the proportion of different drop size classes to rain microphysical parameters.•Derived various empirical relationships for a gamma-fitting drop size distribution and rain parameters.•Identified the microphysical characteristics of precipitation in the coastal North Carolina region. A drop size distribution (DSD) of a precipitation event is a key characteristic and plays a critical role in quantitative precipitation estimation. In this study, DSD datasets were collected by a Parsivel² disdrometer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, U.S. from October 2021 to April 2022. The microphysical and statistical characteristics of the DSD were examined. For this period, the contribution of small raindrops (< 1 mm) to the total number concentration (Nt) was the largest, while the contribution of large raindrops (3―8 mm) to Nt was the smallest. As expected, large raindrops had the largest impact on rain rate (R), liquid water content (W), and radar reflectivity factor (Z), while small raindrops had the least. The shape of the averaged DSDs was similar for different rain rates while the width of the raindrop concentration spectrum increased as rain rates increased. The average mass-weighted diameter Dₘ (log₁₀Nw, generalized intercept parameter) value for all rain events was found to be 1.11 mm (4.54), while for stratiform rains Dₘ was 1.18 mm (4.65), and for convective rains, it was 0.89 mm (4.17). The empirical relationships between rain intercept parameter (N₀) vs shape factor (μ), μ vs slope factor (Λ), log₁₀Nw vs median volume diameter (D₀), D₀ vs R, R vs kinetic energy (KE), and Z―R relationship were also derived. These findings are useful for design of rainfall simulators and for better understanding erosive properties of rainfall that contribute to contaminant fate and transport.
ArticleNumber	107487
Author	Yuan, Lifeng Mikelonis, Anne M. Pirhalla, Michael
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Lifeng surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Lifeng email: yuan.lifeng@epa.gov – sequence: 2 givenname: Anne M. surname: Mikelonis fullname: Mikelonis, Anne M. – sequence: 3 givenname: Michael surname: Pirhalla fullname: Pirhalla, Michael
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Snippet	A drop size distribution (DSD) of a precipitation event is a key characteristic and plays a critical role in quantitative precipitation estimation. In this...
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SubjectTerms	case studies data collection DSD environmental fate Kinetic energy liquids Microphysical processes North Carolina Parsivel radar rain Raindrop size distribution water content
Title	Exploring the statistical characteristics of coastal winter precipitation measured using a Parsivel2 disdrometer: A case study in North Carolina
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