Smart greenhouse farming: a review towards near zero energy consumption

The global agricultural sector faces increasing challenges in adopting sustainable practices and reducing its environmental footprint. Smart greenhouse agriculture has emerged as a key solution, enabling efficient year-round crop production while minimizing dependence on traditional field farming. H...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Discover Cities Vol. 2; no. 1; pp. 55 - 29
Main Authors: Soussi, Abdellatif, Zero, Enrico, Ouammi, Ahmed, Zejli, Driss, Zahmoun, Said, Sacile, Roberto
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 26.05.2025
Springer Nature B.V
Springer
Subjects:
Agricultural industry
Alternative energy sources
Artificial intelligence
cities
Civil Engineering
Control systems
Crop production
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecological footprint
Energy conservation
Energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Geography
Greenhouses
Internet of Things
Monitoring systems
Optimization
Renewable energy sources
Review
Sustainable farming
Sustainable practices
towns
Urban Ecology
Urban Economics
Urban Geography
Urban Studies/Sociology
Urbanism (inc. megacities
Sustainable farming
Control systems
Energy efficiency
Optimization
ISSN:3004-8311, 3004-8311
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The global agricultural sector faces increasing challenges in adopting sustainable practices and reducing its environmental footprint. Smart greenhouse agriculture has emerged as a key solution, enabling efficient year-round crop production while minimizing dependence on traditional field farming. However, achieving near-zero energy consumption in greenhouses remains a major challenge due to the high operational energy demands. This review examines the current state of energy consumption in greenhouses, critically analyzes existing technological solutions, and identifies key challenges, such as high energy consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting. The study highlights opportunities for integrating renewable energy sources, optimizing energy-saving systems, and using advanced control technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor microclimatic conditions. Results show that integrating these solutions can significantly reduce energy consumption while maintaining optimal growing environments. The main findings include prioritizing the adoption of hybrid renewable energy systems, improving greenhouse design and material selection, and enhancing real-time monitoring systems with smart technologies. Future research should focus on cost-effective innovations, interdisciplinary approaches, and the scalability of energy-efficient designs. This review provides actionable information for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to advance the transition to sustainable, near-zero energy greenhouse systems.
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ISSN:3004-8311
3004-8311
DOI:10.1007/s44327-025-00096-w