Development of a solar-powered photovoltaic (PV) fault location system for medium voltage line in Tanzania

This paper presents a fault location system designed for medium-voltage (MV) distribution lines in Tanzania, where frequent outages disrupt economic and social activities. Existing manual fault location methods are slow and costly, while high-voltage solutions are expensive and unsuitable for MV sys...

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Veröffentlicht in:Electrical engineering Jg. 107; H. 12; S. 15441 - 15455
Hauptverfasser: Ahmed, Salum, Mbuya, Benson H., Kichonge, Baraka, Maagi, Mtaki Thomas, Kivevele, Thomas
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2025
Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:
Artificial intelligence
Blackouts
Costs
Data analysis
Economics and Management
Efficiency
Electrical Engineering
Electrical Machines and Networks
Energy Policy
Engineering
Fault detection
Fault location
Global positioning systems
GPS
Infrastructure
Localization
Original Paper
Outages
Performance evaluation
Photovoltaic cells
Power Electronics
Power lines
Real time
Reliability
Resilience
Root-mean-square errors
Solar energy
Sustainable development
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Tanzania
Real-time current measurement
Arduino IDE
Fault current magnitude
MV distribution lines
Solar-powered photovoltaic (PV) system
Fault location system
ISSN:0948-7921, 1432-0487
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Abstract This paper presents a fault location system designed for medium-voltage (MV) distribution lines in Tanzania, where frequent outages disrupt economic and social activities. Existing manual fault location methods are slow and costly, while high-voltage solutions are expensive and unsuitable for MV systems. Inefficient fault detection extends restoration times, undermining grid reliability and impeding development in resource-constrained regions. This study aims to develop a solar-powered photovoltaic fault location system that leverages real-time current measurements analyzed from TANESCO’s operational data to reduce outage durations and enhance network resilience. Prototype integrates SCT013 current sensors and an ATmega328P-PU microcontroller, programmed via the Arduino IDE. The system continuously monitors fault currents and triggers GSM-based SMS alerts with precise GPS coordinates. Data analysis using MATLAB and Python evaluates system accuracy and response time. Tests on a 220 V radial feeder revealed detection times of 5–6 s a > 99% improvement over traditional manual methods (≈ 900 s). Mean Absolute Error (0.2325 A) and RMSE (0.234 A) confirm high precision relative to typical MV fault currents (50–500 A). These results demonstrate a robust, low-cost solution for autonomous fault localization, offering rapid, near real-time fault notification. This approach provides a practical solution for improving the reliability and resilience of Tanzania’s MV power distribution lines, contributing to the nation’s sustainable development goals.
AbstractList This paper presents a fault location system designed for medium-voltage (MV) distribution lines in Tanzania, where frequent outages disrupt economic and social activities. Existing manual fault location methods are slow and costly, while high-voltage solutions are expensive and unsuitable for MV systems. Inefficient fault detection extends restoration times, undermining grid reliability and impeding development in resource-constrained regions. This study aims to develop a solar-powered photovoltaic fault location system that leverages real-time current measurements analyzed from TANESCO’s operational data to reduce outage durations and enhance network resilience. Prototype integrates SCT013 current sensors and an ATmega328P-PU microcontroller, programmed via the Arduino IDE. The system continuously monitors fault currents and triggers GSM-based SMS alerts with precise GPS coordinates. Data analysis using MATLAB and Python evaluates system accuracy and response time. Tests on a 220 V radial feeder revealed detection times of 5–6 s a > 99% improvement over traditional manual methods (≈ 900 s). Mean Absolute Error (0.2325 A) and RMSE (0.234 A) confirm high precision relative to typical MV fault currents (50–500 A). These results demonstrate a robust, low-cost solution for autonomous fault localization, offering rapid, near real-time fault notification. This approach provides a practical solution for improving the reliability and resilience of Tanzania’s MV power distribution lines, contributing to the nation’s sustainable development goals.
This paper presents a fault location system designed for medium-voltage (MV) distribution lines in Tanzania, where frequent outages disrupt economic and social activities. Existing manual fault location methods are slow and costly, while high-voltage solutions are expensive and unsuitable for MV systems. Inefficient fault detection extends restoration times, undermining grid reliability and impeding development in resource-constrained regions. This study aims to develop a solar-powered photovoltaic fault location system that leverages real-time current measurements analyzed from TANESCO’s operational data to reduce outage durations and enhance network resilience. Prototype integrates SCT013 current sensors and an ATmega328P-PU microcontroller, programmed via the Arduino IDE. The system continuously monitors fault currents and triggers GSM-based SMS alerts with precise GPS coordinates. Data analysis using MATLAB and Python evaluates system accuracy and response time. Tests on a 220 V radial feeder revealed detection times of 5–6 s a > 99% improvement over traditional manual methods (≈ 900 s). Mean Absolute Error (0.2325 A) and RMSE (0.234 A) confirm high precision relative to typical MV fault currents (50–500 A). These results demonstrate a robust, low-cost solution for autonomous fault localization, offering rapid, near real-time fault notification. This approach provides a practical solution for improving the reliability and resilience of Tanzania’s MV power distribution lines, contributing to the nation’s sustainable development goals.
Author Maagi, Mtaki Thomas
Kichonge, Baraka
Mbuya, Benson H.
Kivevele, Thomas
Ahmed, Salum
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  surname: Ahmed
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  email: ahmeds@nm-aist.ac.tz
  organization: School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO)
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Benson H.
  surname: Mbuya
  fullname: Mbuya, Benson H.
  organization: Electrical Engineering Departments, Arusha Technical College
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  givenname: Baraka
  surname: Kichonge
  fullname: Kichonge, Baraka
  organization: School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Mechanical Engineering Departments, Arusha Technical College
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  givenname: Mtaki Thomas
  surname: Maagi
  fullname: Maagi, Mtaki Thomas
  organization: School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
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  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Kivevele
  fullname: Kivevele, Thomas
  organization: School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
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Arduino IDE
Fault current magnitude
MV distribution lines
Solar-powered photovoltaic (PV) system
Fault location system
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Snippet This paper presents a fault location system designed for medium-voltage (MV) distribution lines in Tanzania, where frequent outages disrupt economic and social...
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SubjectTerms Artificial intelligence
Blackouts
Costs
Data analysis
Economics and Management
Efficiency
Electrical Engineering
Electrical Machines and Networks
Energy Policy
Engineering
Fault detection
Fault location
Global positioning systems
GPS
Infrastructure
Localization
Original Paper
Outages
Performance evaluation
Photovoltaic cells
Power Electronics
Power lines
Real time
Reliability
Resilience
Root-mean-square errors
Solar energy
Sustainable development
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Title Development of a solar-powered photovoltaic (PV) fault location system for medium voltage line in Tanzania
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