Opto-biomechanical simulation of keratoconus development in emmetropic eyes

To assess how different corneas respond to a standardized structural weak spot in different sizes and locations using the finite element method depending on their initial geometry. The corneal meshes of 5 randomly selected emmetropic SyntEyes with different biometry and optical properties were gener...

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Published in:Journal of optometry p. 100587
Main Authors: Ghaderi, Hosna, García, Marta Jiménez, Koppen, Carina, Rozema, Jos
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Spain 04.11.2025
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ISSN:1989-1342, 1989-1342
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Abstract To assess how different corneas respond to a standardized structural weak spot in different sizes and locations using the finite element method depending on their initial geometry. The corneal meshes of 5 randomly selected emmetropic SyntEyes with different biometry and optical properties were generated using MATLAB and ANSYS. To simulate keratoconus development, a local stiffness reduction of up to 60 % of the original value was implemented in three locations (central, 1mm, and 2mm inferior) with a diameter of 2mm for each cornea. From this, tangential corneal power maps were calculated. Local weakening causes the formation of a conical deformation at the site of the weak spot and, for an inferior weak spot, a superior flattening. At the center of the weak spot, the cornea becomes thinner by 50μm, while the maximum anterior curvature increased by an average of 51.76±1.38D and the posterior curvature by an average of -7.45±0.15D for the central keratoconus. The anterior surface area increases by 0.88±0.29 mm² and 0.85±0.03 mm² for a central and inferior keratoconus, respectively. The corresponding values for the posterior surface were 1.10±0.03 mm² and 1.06±0.03 mm². The shape of a keratoconic cornea is not only determined by the response to a local structural weakening, but also by its original corneal shape. This understanding may help enhance early detection and monitoring techniques for keratoconus progression.
AbstractList To assess how different corneas respond to a standardized structural weak spot in different sizes and locations using the finite element method depending on their initial geometry. The corneal meshes of 5 randomly selected emmetropic SyntEyes with different biometry and optical properties were generated using MATLAB and ANSYS. To simulate keratoconus development, a local stiffness reduction of up to 60 % of the original value was implemented in three locations (central, 1mm, and 2mm inferior) with a diameter of 2mm for each cornea. From this, tangential corneal power maps were calculated. Local weakening causes the formation of a conical deformation at the site of the weak spot and, for an inferior weak spot, a superior flattening. At the center of the weak spot, the cornea becomes thinner by 50μm, while the maximum anterior curvature increased by an average of 51.76±1.38D and the posterior curvature by an average of -7.45±0.15D for the central keratoconus. The anterior surface area increases by 0.88±0.29 mm² and 0.85±0.03 mm² for a central and inferior keratoconus, respectively. The corresponding values for the posterior surface were 1.10±0.03 mm² and 1.06±0.03 mm². The shape of a keratoconic cornea is not only determined by the response to a local structural weakening, but also by its original corneal shape. This understanding may help enhance early detection and monitoring techniques for keratoconus progression.
To assess how different corneas respond to a standardized structural weak spot in different sizes and locations using the finite element method depending on their initial geometry.PURPOSETo assess how different corneas respond to a standardized structural weak spot in different sizes and locations using the finite element method depending on their initial geometry.The corneal meshes of 5 randomly selected emmetropic SyntEyes with different biometry and optical properties were generated using MATLAB and ANSYS. To simulate keratoconus development, a local stiffness reduction of up to 60 % of the original value was implemented in three locations (central, 1mm, and 2mm inferior) with a diameter of 2mm for each cornea. From this, tangential corneal power maps were calculated.METHODThe corneal meshes of 5 randomly selected emmetropic SyntEyes with different biometry and optical properties were generated using MATLAB and ANSYS. To simulate keratoconus development, a local stiffness reduction of up to 60 % of the original value was implemented in three locations (central, 1mm, and 2mm inferior) with a diameter of 2mm for each cornea. From this, tangential corneal power maps were calculated.Local weakening causes the formation of a conical deformation at the site of the weak spot and, for an inferior weak spot, a superior flattening. At the center of the weak spot, the cornea becomes thinner by 50μm, while the maximum anterior curvature increased by an average of 51.76±1.38D and the posterior curvature by an average of -7.45±0.15D for the central keratoconus. The anterior surface area increases by 0.88±0.29 mm² and 0.85±0.03 mm² for a central and inferior keratoconus, respectively. The corresponding values for the posterior surface were 1.10±0.03 mm² and 1.06±0.03 mm².RESULTSLocal weakening causes the formation of a conical deformation at the site of the weak spot and, for an inferior weak spot, a superior flattening. At the center of the weak spot, the cornea becomes thinner by 50μm, while the maximum anterior curvature increased by an average of 51.76±1.38D and the posterior curvature by an average of -7.45±0.15D for the central keratoconus. The anterior surface area increases by 0.88±0.29 mm² and 0.85±0.03 mm² for a central and inferior keratoconus, respectively. The corresponding values for the posterior surface were 1.10±0.03 mm² and 1.06±0.03 mm².The shape of a keratoconic cornea is not only determined by the response to a local structural weakening, but also by its original corneal shape. This understanding may help enhance early detection and monitoring techniques for keratoconus progression.CONCLUSIONThe shape of a keratoconic cornea is not only determined by the response to a local structural weakening, but also by its original corneal shape. This understanding may help enhance early detection and monitoring techniques for keratoconus progression.
Author García, Marta Jiménez
Ghaderi, Hosna
Rozema, Jos
Koppen, Carina
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Keywords Keratoconus
Cornea
Finite element modelling
Language English
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