Improved inclined plane optimization-based FLC design for reference tracking in maglev system: experimental study

This paper puts forward improved inclined plane optimization (IIPO) algorithm to design fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for reference tracking in a magnetic levitation (maglev) system. Maglev system plays a major role in contactless tracking and propelling objects. This leverages on the principle of el...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Electrical engineering Vol. 107; no. 7; pp. 9403 - 9418
Main Authors: Haseen, S. Fahira, Lakshmi, P., Deepa, T., Maheedhar, M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.07.2025
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Algorithms
Business metrics
Control systems design
Controllers
Design optimization
Economics and Management
Electrical Engineering
Electrical Machines and Networks
Electromagnetism
Energy Policy
Engineering
Fuzzy logic
Inclined planes
Magnetic levitation
Magnetic levitation systems
Optimization techniques
Original Paper
Power Electronics
Reference signals
Tracking
Improved inclined plane optimization
Reference tracking
Intelligent controller fuzzy logic controller
Magnetic levitation
ISSN:0948-7921, 1432-0487
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:This paper puts forward improved inclined plane optimization (IIPO) algorithm to design fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for reference tracking in a magnetic levitation (maglev) system. Maglev system plays a major role in contactless tracking and propelling objects. This leverages on the principle of electromagnetism and is highly nonlinear in nature. Hence, implementing FLC for maglev system will play a significant part in excluding sub-optimal results generated due to the bode sensitivity integral problem. The highly nonlinear nature of maglev system is proposed to be controlled by IIPO-based FLC design. The motivations for IIPO-based FLC over simple IPO-based FLC are (1) improved convergence performance, (2) reduced control complexity in achieving optimal results, and (3) simplified algorithm mechanism. Hence, IIPO algorithm is used to tune normalization and denormalization factors of FLC for precise reference tracking. The performance of the proposed control scheme is validated experimentally for step, square, sine, and sawtooth reference signal. The results show that the proposed control scheme reduces the integral square error (ISE) values by approximately 90% compared to simple IPO-based FLC, demonstrating precise and stable reference tracking. This translates into reduced oscillations and faster stabilization. The key metrics of the analysis include ISE, integral time square error, integral absolute error, integral time absolute error, and root mean square error, which confirms the superiority of the proposed IIPO-based FLC design. The drastic improvements in all the error metrics showcase the robustness, efficiency, and adaptability to varying reference signals. Its ability to maintain high accuracy and low error metrics highlights the advantage of the proposed IIPO-based FLC design in a wide range of operational scenarios, in comparison with the state-of-the-art techniques.
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ISSN:0948-7921
1432-0487
DOI:10.1007/s00202-025-02979-y