Development and implementation of an FPGA-based embedded real-time digital simulator

This paper presents the development and implementation of a reconfigurable embedded real-time digital simulator system using an affordable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development board to simulate an RL circuit and a Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) motor. These systems were selected for their fu...

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Vydáno v:Measurement : journal of the International Measurement Confederation Ročník 254; s. 117786
Hlavní autoři: Sarac, Mehmet Rıza, Aydogmus, Omur
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2025
Témata:
Embedded simulator
FPGA
Real-time digital simulator
FPGA
Real-time digital simulator
Embedded simulator
ISSN:0263-2241
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Shrnutí:This paper presents the development and implementation of a reconfigurable embedded real-time digital simulator system using an affordable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development board to simulate an RL circuit and a Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) motor. These systems were selected for their fundamental structure, comprising essential components such as resistors (R) and inductors (L) for electrical systems, and friction (B) and inertia (J) in mechanical systems, along with the interactions between these components, which are widely used in modeling various circuits and systems. The real physical systems and their corresponding FPGA-based real-time digital simulators were operated concurrently under identical conditions. To evaluate the performance of the real-time digital simulators, the results from both the physical and simulator systems were compared and visualized using an oscilloscope. The latencies of the FPGA-based real-time digital simulators designed for this study were observed to be approximately 10 μs for the RL circuit and 16 μs for the PMDC motor. The total simulation time required by PC-based software simulators was measured to be around 5 to 20 ms for a 2 ms transient simulation of RL circuit and 2.08 s for a 0.2 s transient simulation of the PMDC motor. The focus on the RL circuit and PMDC motor in this study was chosen to enhance clarity and accessibility for researchers and practitioners. The methodology outlined in this paper provides a versatile framework that can be adapted to develop real-time digital simulators for a wide range of systems and applications. •A real-time digital simulator was designed using an affordable FPGA board.•The system lets researchers build digital simulators with general FPGA boards.•Easy access to this simulator helps safe and low-cost testing of dangerous systems.
ISSN:0263-2241
DOI:10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117786