Real-time voltage regulation using fuzzy logic in single-ended primary-inductor converter for electric energy systems
Reliable output voltage regulation in SEPIC converters is challenging due to input voltage fluctuations and dynamic load changes, which can lead to instability and degraded performance. To address this problem, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategy designed to improve transient re...
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| Published in: | Computers & electrical engineering Vol. 128; p. 110740 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01.12.2025
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| ISSN: | 0045-7906 |
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| Abstract | Reliable output voltage regulation in SEPIC converters is challenging due to input voltage fluctuations and dynamic load changes, which can lead to instability and degraded performance. To address this problem, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategy designed to improve transient response and steady-state accuracy without requiring an exact mathematical model. The study begins with the analytical modeling and component sizing of the SEPIC converter to guarantee continuous conduction mode and stable operation. A two-input fuzzy controller, based on voltage error and error rate, is developed and tested in a model-based design environment using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller keeps the output voltage deviation below 2% during input disturbances and achieves faster settling compared to classical PID control. For real-time validation, the FLC is implemented on an STM32F446RE 32-bit microcontroller. Experimental results confirm that the FLC significantly reduces overshoot and settling time, enhancing dynamic performance under variable operating conditions. These findings highlight the suitability of the proposed approach for applications such as electric vehicles, robotics, and smart energy systems where robust and precise voltage regulation is required. |
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| AbstractList | Reliable output voltage regulation in SEPIC converters is challenging due to input voltage fluctuations and dynamic load changes, which can lead to instability and degraded performance. To address this problem, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategy designed to improve transient response and steady-state accuracy without requiring an exact mathematical model. The study begins with the analytical modeling and component sizing of the SEPIC converter to guarantee continuous conduction mode and stable operation. A two-input fuzzy controller, based on voltage error and error rate, is developed and tested in a model-based design environment using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller keeps the output voltage deviation below 2% during input disturbances and achieves faster settling compared to classical PID control. For real-time validation, the FLC is implemented on an STM32F446RE 32-bit microcontroller. Experimental results confirm that the FLC significantly reduces overshoot and settling time, enhancing dynamic performance under variable operating conditions. These findings highlight the suitability of the proposed approach for applications such as electric vehicles, robotics, and smart energy systems where robust and precise voltage regulation is required. |
| ArticleNumber | 110740 |
| Author | Mezouari, Mohamed Megrini, Meriem Gaga, Ahmed |
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| Keywords | Direct current power conversion Fuzzy logic control Real-time implementation Single-ended primary-inductor converter STM32 microcontroller |
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| References | Dasari (b16) 2020 Mezouari, Megrini, Gaga (b3) 2025; 162 Islam, Rafin, Mohammed (b21) 2022; 5 Vinodhini, Sobiya, Gengaraj, Nanthini, Subashini, Kalaivani (b23) 2022 Wang (b2) 2025; 129 Tarbosh, Aydoğdu, Farah, Talib, Salh, Cankaya, Omar, Durdu (b9) 2020; 8 Savangboon, Chaithanakulwat, Thungsuk, Tanaram, Sardyoung (b26) 2024; 57 Li, Zhang, Lin, Blaabjerg (b14) 2021; 69 de Silva (b18) 2021; 1 Meriem, Ahmed, Youness (b10) 2024 Kumar, Ajmeri (b7) 2023; 6 Sandhiya, Umamaheswari, Vijayalakshmi (b22) 2024 Deilami, Muyeen (b1) 2020; 13 Zhang (b15) 2006 Rinaldi, Menon, Ferrara (b8) 2024 Esmil, Ajel, Bonneya (b6) 2024 Ghimire, Bhattrai, Shrestha, Poudel (b25) 2024; 7 Peyghami, Palensky, Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Blaabjerg (b13) 2020; 7 Azam, Hasan, Hassan, Abdulkadir (b19) 2020 Prabhakar, Tofoli, Elgendy, Wang (b4) 2024; 17 Panawan, Samman, Sahali, Smedley (b24) 2024 El Haji, Meriem, Kchikach, Ahmed, El Hasnaoui (b11) 2024; 19 Elkhateb, Lam, Che, Zhang (b5) 2023; 16 Megrini, Gaga, Mehdaoui (b12) 2025; 13 Elsayad, Moradisizkoohi, Mohammed (b17) 2020; 68 Obeidi, Kermadi, Belmadani, Allag, Achour, Mekhilef (b20) 2022; 15 Zhang (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b15) 2006 Azam (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b19) 2020 Ghimire (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b25) 2024; 7 Kumar (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b7) 2023; 6 Meriem (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b10) 2024 Panawan (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b24) 2024 Rinaldi (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b8) 2024 Obeidi (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b20) 2022; 15 Prabhakar (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b4) 2024; 17 Sandhiya (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b22) 2024 Elsayad (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b17) 2020; 68 Wang (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b2) 2025; 129 Esmil (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b6) 2024 Dasari (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b16) 2020 de Silva (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b18) 2021; 1 Peyghami (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b13) 2020; 7 Megrini (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b12) 2025; 13 Deilami (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b1) 2020; 13 Li (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b14) 2021; 69 Tarbosh (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b9) 2020; 8 Savangboon (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b26) 2024; 57 Islam (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b21) 2022; 5 Mezouari (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b3) 2025; 162 Vinodhini (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b23) 2022 El Haji (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b11) 2024; 19 Elkhateb (10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110740_b5) 2023; 16 |
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| SubjectTerms | Direct current power conversion Fuzzy logic control Real-time implementation Single-ended primary-inductor converter STM32 microcontroller |
| Title | Real-time voltage regulation using fuzzy logic in single-ended primary-inductor converter for electric energy systems |
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