DIGITAL TOOLS FOR MATCHING QUALIFICATIONS TO THE LEVELS OF THE NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK
Mutual compatibility of different national qualifications frameworks (NQFs) based on their compatibility with the European Qualifications Framework (or another international one) is crucially important for the effective recognition of qualifications between states. In turn, it depends on the quality...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Information technologies and learning tools Jg. 100; H. 2; S. 16 - 27 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Kyiv
Institute for Digitalisation of Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
01.01.2024
Institute for Digitalisation of Education of the NAES of Ukraine |
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| ISSN: | 2076-8184, 2076-8184 |
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| Abstract | Mutual compatibility of different national qualifications frameworks (NQFs) based on their compatibility with the European Qualifications Framework (or another international one) is crucially important for the effective recognition of qualifications between states. In turn, it depends on the quality of “filling” NQF levels with qualifications. Right comparing professional (occupational) qualifications with NQF level is a non-trivial problem for standard developers. The quality of any national system of qualifications depends on the comparability of qualifications with the level of the NQF so the comparison process should be strongly argued to secure the comparability. For qualification standard developers (especially for occupational standard developers) there were no strictly justified recommendations on how to compare qualification with the NQF level. Th. Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is developed to resolve the problem of evidence-based comparing educational or professional (occupational) qualifications with the level of the National Qualification Framework (NQF). Research results give standard developers software tools based on a strong mathematical background to determine NQF level for developed standards. It is shown that Th. Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is close to optimal for solving the problem of qualifications comparing and therefore looks like the best option for such methods. However, AHP demands non-trivial qualifications in mathematics and computing. The key problem resolved by this research is simplifying procedures to ensure effective access to the tool for qualification standard developers with minimal qualification in mathematics and computing. It is proven that each problem of qualification comparison with NQF level may be reduced to three options of decision. At the lower level of the decision-making process, there are 3-4 descriptors of qualification. Therefore, a user should be capable of forming at most four matrices of judgments and computing the main eigenvectors with some level of accuracy. The maximal dimension of matrices is four (for example it's true for the Ukrainian case). But for some national qualification frameworks that use only three descriptors maximal dimension of matrices equals three. Therefore, some simple approximation methods for eigenvector computing may be applied using only minimal means of Microsoft Excel or analogous applications. For the most general case of four NQF descriptors, Microsoft Excel macro is developed to secure achieving any level of accuracy. Corresponding API is developed by PHP programming language. Both Excel and API are accessible for users at the website of the Institute of Educational Analytics in Kyiv. The novelty of the article is that for the first time in national and international practice, it proposes an alternative/supplementary algorithmic method for determining the level of certain full and/or partial professional qualifications by the National Qualifications Framework, thus creating prerequisites for further automation of the activities of professional standards developers.
Аналітичний ієрархічний процес Т. Сааті (AHP) застосовано для вирішення проблеми зіставлення освітніх або професійних кваліфікацій з рівнем Національної рамки кваліфікацій (NQF). Для розробників стандартів кваліфікацій (особливо для розробників професійних стандартів) немає суворо обґрунтованих рекомендацій щодо порівняння кваліфікації з рівнем НРК. Якість будь-якої національної системи кваліфікацій залежить від порівняння кваліфікацій з рівнем НРК, тож цей процес має бути добре аргументованим. Тому слід застосовувати методи прийняття рішень. Показано, що Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Т. Сааті є близьким до оптимального для вирішення задачі порівняння кваліфікацій і найкращим варіантом для таких методів. Однак AHP вимагає нетривіальних кваліфікацій з математики та обчислювальної техніки. Ключовою проблемою, яку вирішує це дослідження, є спрощення процедур для забезпечення ефективного доступу до інструменту для розробників кваліфікаційних стандартів з мінімальною кваліфікацією з математики та обчислювальної техніки. Доведено, що кожну задачу порівняння кваліфікації з рівнем НРК можна звести до трьох варіантів вирішення. На нижчому рівні процесу прийняття рішень є 3-4 дескриптори кваліфікації. Отже, користувач повинен бути здатний формувати щонайбільше чотири матриці суджень і обчислювати основні власні вектори з деяким рівнем точності. Максимальна розмірність матриць – чотири (наприклад, це справедливо для українського випадку). Але для деяких національних рамок кваліфікацій, які використовують лише три дескриптори, максимальна розмірність матриць дорівнює трьом. Тому деякі прості методи апроксимації для обчислення власних векторів можуть бути застосовані лише з використанням мінімальних засобів Microsoft Excel або аналогічних програм. Для найзагальнішого випадку чотирьох дескрипторів NQF розроблено макрос Microsoft Excel, щоб забезпечити досягнення будь-якого рівня точності. Відповідний API розроблений мовою програмування PHP. І Excel, і API доступні для користувачів на сайті Інституту освітньої аналітики в Києві. Новизна статті полягає в тому, що в ній вперше в національній та міжнародній практиці запропоновано альтернативний/додатковий алгоритмічний метод визначення рівня окремих повних та/або часткових професійних кваліфікацій відповідно до Національної рамки кваліфікацій. Це створює передумови для подальшої автоматизації діяльності розробників професійних стандартів. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Mutual compatibility of different national qualifications frameworks (NQFs) based on their compatibility with the European Qualifications Framework (or another international one) is crucially important for the effective recognition of qualifications between states. In turn, it depends on the quality of “filling” NQF levels with qualifications. Right comparing professional (occupational) qualifications with NQF level is a non-trivial problem for standard developers. The quality of any national system of qualifications depends on the comparability of qualifications with the level of the NQF so the comparison process should be strongly argued to secure the comparability. For qualification standard developers (especially for occupational standard developers) there were no strictly justified recommendations on how to compare qualification with the NQF level. Th. Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is developed to resolve the problem of evidence-based comparing educational or professional (occupational) qualifications with the level of the National Qualification Framework (NQF). Research results give standard developers software tools based on a strong mathematical background to determine NQF level for developed standards. It is shown that Th. Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is close to optimal for solving the problem of qualifications comparing and therefore looks like the best option for such methods. However, AHP demands non-trivial qualifications in mathematics and computing. The key problem resolved by this research is simplifying procedures to ensure effective access to the tool for qualification standard developers with minimal qualification in mathematics and computing. It is proven that each problem of qualification comparison with NQF level may be reduced to three options of decision. At the lower level of the decision-making process, there are 3-4 descriptors of qualification. Therefore, a user should be capable of forming at most four matrices of judgments and computing the main eigenvectors with some level of accuracy. The maximal dimension of matrices is four (for example it's true for the Ukrainian case). But for some national qualification frameworks that use only three descriptors maximal dimension of matrices equals three. Therefore, some simple approximation methods for eigenvector computing may be applied using only minimal means of Microsoft Excel or analogous applications. For the most general case of four NQF descriptors, Microsoft Excel macro is developed to secure achieving any level of accuracy. Corresponding API is developed by PHP programming language. Both Excel and API are accessible for users at the website of the Institute of Educational Analytics in Kyiv. The novelty of the article is that for the first time in national and international practice, it proposes an alternative/supplementary algorithmic method for determining the level of certain full and/or partial professional qualifications by the National Qualifications Framework, thus creating prerequisites for further automation of the activities of professional standards developers. Mutual compatibility of different national qualifications frameworks (NQFs) based on their compatibility with the European Qualifications Framework (or another international one) is crucially important for the effective recognition of qualifications between states. In turn, it depends on the quality of “filling” NQF levels with qualifications. Right comparing professional (occupational) qualifications with NQF level is a non-trivial problem for standard developers. The quality of any national system of qualifications depends on the comparability of qualifications with the level of the NQF so the comparison process should be strongly argued to secure the comparability. For qualification standard developers (especially for occupational standard developers) there were no strictly justified recommendations on how to compare qualification with the NQF level. Th. Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is developed to resolve the problem of evidence-based comparing educational or professional (occupational) qualifications with the level of the National Qualification Framework (NQF). Research results give standard developers software tools based on a strong mathematical background to determine NQF level for developed standards. It is shown that Th. Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is close to optimal for solving the problem of qualifications comparing and therefore looks like the best option for such methods. However, AHP demands non-trivial qualifications in mathematics and computing. The key problem resolved by this research is simplifying procedures to ensure effective access to the tool for qualification standard developers with minimal qualification in mathematics and computing. It is proven that each problem of qualification comparison with NQF level may be reduced to three options of decision. At the lower level of the decision-making process, there are 3-4 descriptors of qualification. Therefore, a user should be capable of forming at most four matrices of judgments and computing the main eigenvectors with some level of accuracy. The maximal dimension of matrices is four (for example it's true for the Ukrainian case). But for some national qualification frameworks that use only three descriptors maximal dimension of matrices equals three. Therefore, some simple approximation methods for eigenvector computing may be applied using only minimal means of Microsoft Excel or analogous applications. For the most general case of four NQF descriptors, Microsoft Excel macro is developed to secure achieving any level of accuracy. Corresponding API is developed by PHP programming language. Both Excel and API are accessible for users at the website of the Institute of Educational Analytics in Kyiv. The novelty of the article is that for the first time in national and international practice, it proposes an alternative/supplementary algorithmic method for determining the level of certain full and/or partial professional qualifications by the National Qualifications Framework, thus creating prerequisites for further automation of the activities of professional standards developers. Mutual compatibility of different national qualifications frameworks (NQFs) based on their compatibility with the European Qualifications Framework (or another international one) is crucially important for the effective recognition of qualifications between states. In turn, it depends on the quality of “filling” NQF levels with qualifications. Right comparing professional (occupational) qualifications with NQF level is a non-trivial problem for standard developers. The quality of any national system of qualifications depends on the comparability of qualifications with the level of the NQF so the comparison process should be strongly argued to secure the comparability. For qualification standard developers (especially for occupational standard developers) there were no strictly justified recommendations on how to compare qualification with the NQF level. Th. Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is developed to resolve the problem of evidence-based comparing educational or professional (occupational) qualifications with the level of the National Qualification Framework (NQF). Research results give standard developers software tools based on a strong mathematical background to determine NQF level for developed standards. It is shown that Th. Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is close to optimal for solving the problem of qualifications comparing and therefore looks like the best option for such methods. However, AHP demands non-trivial qualifications in mathematics and computing. The key problem resolved by this research is simplifying procedures to ensure effective access to the tool for qualification standard developers with minimal qualification in mathematics and computing. It is proven that each problem of qualification comparison with NQF level may be reduced to three options of decision. At the lower level of the decision-making process, there are 3-4 descriptors of qualification. Therefore, a user should be capable of forming at most four matrices of judgments and computing the main eigenvectors with some level of accuracy. The maximal dimension of matrices is four (for example it's true for the Ukrainian case). But for some national qualification frameworks that use only three descriptors maximal dimension of matrices equals three. Therefore, some simple approximation methods for eigenvector computing may be applied using only minimal means of Microsoft Excel or analogous applications. For the most general case of four NQF descriptors, Microsoft Excel macro is developed to secure achieving any level of accuracy. Corresponding API is developed by PHP programming language. Both Excel and API are accessible for users at the website of the Institute of Educational Analytics in Kyiv. The novelty of the article is that for the first time in national and international practice, it proposes an alternative/supplementary algorithmic method for determining the level of certain full and/or partial professional qualifications by the National Qualifications Framework, thus creating prerequisites for further automation of the activities of professional standards developers. Аналітичний ієрархічний процес Т. Сааті (AHP) застосовано для вирішення проблеми зіставлення освітніх або професійних кваліфікацій з рівнем Національної рамки кваліфікацій (NQF). Для розробників стандартів кваліфікацій (особливо для розробників професійних стандартів) немає суворо обґрунтованих рекомендацій щодо порівняння кваліфікації з рівнем НРК. Якість будь-якої національної системи кваліфікацій залежить від порівняння кваліфікацій з рівнем НРК, тож цей процес має бути добре аргументованим. Тому слід застосовувати методи прийняття рішень. Показано, що Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Т. Сааті є близьким до оптимального для вирішення задачі порівняння кваліфікацій і найкращим варіантом для таких методів. Однак AHP вимагає нетривіальних кваліфікацій з математики та обчислювальної техніки. Ключовою проблемою, яку вирішує це дослідження, є спрощення процедур для забезпечення ефективного доступу до інструменту для розробників кваліфікаційних стандартів з мінімальною кваліфікацією з математики та обчислювальної техніки. Доведено, що кожну задачу порівняння кваліфікації з рівнем НРК можна звести до трьох варіантів вирішення. На нижчому рівні процесу прийняття рішень є 3-4 дескриптори кваліфікації. Отже, користувач повинен бути здатний формувати щонайбільше чотири матриці суджень і обчислювати основні власні вектори з деяким рівнем точності. Максимальна розмірність матриць – чотири (наприклад, це справедливо для українського випадку). Але для деяких національних рамок кваліфікацій, які використовують лише три дескриптори, максимальна розмірність матриць дорівнює трьом. Тому деякі прості методи апроксимації для обчислення власних векторів можуть бути застосовані лише з використанням мінімальних засобів Microsoft Excel або аналогічних програм. Для найзагальнішого випадку чотирьох дескрипторів NQF розроблено макрос Microsoft Excel, щоб забезпечити досягнення будь-якого рівня точності. Відповідний API розроблений мовою програмування PHP. І Excel, і API доступні для користувачів на сайті Інституту освітньої аналітики в Києві. Новизна статті полягає в тому, що в ній вперше в національній та міжнародній практиці запропоновано альтернативний/додатковий алгоритмічний метод визначення рівня окремих повних та/або часткових професійних кваліфікацій відповідно до Національної рамки кваліфікацій. Це створює передумови для подальшої автоматизації діяльності розробників професійних стандартів. |
| Author | Melnyk, Serhii Kovtunets, Volodymyr Londar, Sergiy Kovtunets, Oles |
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| SubjectTerms | Accuracy AHP Application Programming Interface Analytic hierarchy process Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) comparison of learning outcomes Compatibility Computation Education Eigenvectors European Framework of Qualifications Hierarchies National Framework of Qualifications Programming languages qualification Qualifications Software |
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| Title | DIGITAL TOOLS FOR MATCHING QUALIFICATIONS TO THE LEVELS OF THE NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK |
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