Cross-domain intelligent cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm based on Federated Learning and Swin-Transformer neural network
The deployment of 6th Generation (6G) mobile networks will bring revolutionary changes to organizations and users through higher speeds, lower latency, and more intelligent network management. This will require more efficient spectrum sharing to improve network performance. Cognitive Radio (CR) can...
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| Vydané v: | Engineering applications of artificial intelligence Ročník 157; s. 111370 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.10.2025
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| ISSN: | 0952-1976 |
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| Abstract | The deployment of 6th Generation (6G) mobile networks will bring revolutionary changes to organizations and users through higher speeds, lower latency, and more intelligent network management. This will require more efficient spectrum sharing to improve network performance. Cognitive Radio (CR) can be employed to help achieve this goal. However, data collection at the fusion center for cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) creates a risk of sensing user (SU) data leakage. In this paper, an intelligent CSS algorithm for mobile communication is proposed based on Federated Learning with a Swin-Transformer. First, to achieve the cross-domain process, a Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is used with the normalized time series data to obtain a time-frequency spectrum map with joint time-frequency features. Second, Federated Learning is employed to realize distributed CSS to reduce sensing overhead, improve the security of sensing data, and eliminate the SU data isolation with traditional distributed CSS. Then, a new Swin-Transformer spectrum sensing is proposed for fusion learning of the time-frequency spectrum map. The fusion of Federated Learning and Swin-Transformer neural network provides cooperation with multiple SUs to achieve efficient spectrum sensing using the K-rank fusion criterion. Compared with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), ViT-Transformer, Graph Neural Network (GNN) and EfficientNet algorithms, the detection probability of the proposed algorithm has increased by 45 %, and the false alarm probability has decreased by 13 %. |
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| AbstractList | The deployment of 6th Generation (6G) mobile networks will bring revolutionary changes to organizations and users through higher speeds, lower latency, and more intelligent network management. This will require more efficient spectrum sharing to improve network performance. Cognitive Radio (CR) can be employed to help achieve this goal. However, data collection at the fusion center for cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) creates a risk of sensing user (SU) data leakage. In this paper, an intelligent CSS algorithm for mobile communication is proposed based on Federated Learning with a Swin-Transformer. First, to achieve the cross-domain process, a Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is used with the normalized time series data to obtain a time-frequency spectrum map with joint time-frequency features. Second, Federated Learning is employed to realize distributed CSS to reduce sensing overhead, improve the security of sensing data, and eliminate the SU data isolation with traditional distributed CSS. Then, a new Swin-Transformer spectrum sensing is proposed for fusion learning of the time-frequency spectrum map. The fusion of Federated Learning and Swin-Transformer neural network provides cooperation with multiple SUs to achieve efficient spectrum sensing using the K-rank fusion criterion. Compared with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), ViT-Transformer, Graph Neural Network (GNN) and EfficientNet algorithms, the detection probability of the proposed algorithm has increased by 45 %, and the false alarm probability has decreased by 13 %. |
| ArticleNumber | 111370 |
| Author | Li, Yufang Gao, Zhihe Xu, Lingwei Gulliver, T. Aaron |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Lingwei orcidid: 0000-0002-2169-6356 surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Lingwei email: xulw@qust.edu.cn organization: Department of Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Zhihe surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Zhihe organization: Department of Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yufang surname: Li fullname: Li, Yufang organization: Department of Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China – sequence: 4 givenname: T. Aaron orcidid: 0000-0001-9919-0323 surname: Gulliver fullname: Gulliver, T. Aaron organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada |
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| Keywords | Mobile cooperative spectrum sensing Cross domain processing Federated learning Swin-transformer |
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