Physics-informed neural networks enhanced by data augmentation: a novel framework for robust soil moisture estimation using multi-source data fusion

•Novel PINN + TVAE framework proposed for robust soil moisture estimation.•Physics (WCM, Oh) integrated into end-to-end differentiable PINN structure.•TVAE data augmentation effectively overcomes data scarcity for PIML models.•PINN-Aug outperforms baselines (RF, MLP) and non-augmented PINN model.•Pr...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) Vol. 663; p. 134320
Main Authors:	Hu, Jinhui, Deng, Changtao, Zhang, Qiuwen, Pang, Aoxuan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01.12.2025
Subjects:	Oh model Physics-informed neural network Remote sensing Soil moisture Water cloud model Oh model Physics-informed neural network Soil moisture Remote sensing Water cloud model
ISSN:	0022-1694
Online Access:	Get full text
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