Planning through exception: The rise of elite informality in Istanbul

This article investigates how three large-scale mixed-use complexes in Istanbul (Zorlu Center, Mall of Istanbul, and Metropol Istanbul) consolidate a state-enabled mode of elite informality through discretionary plan revisions and regulatory flexibility. It analyzes document archives, site observati...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Cities Vol. 169; p. 106528
Main Author:	Tomruk, Banu
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2026
Subjects:	Elite informality Istanbul planning politics Large-scale mixed-use developments Neoliberal urbanism Regulatory flexibility Regulatory flexibility Istanbul planning politics Elite informality Large-scale mixed-use developments Neoliberal urbanism
ISSN:	0264-2751
Online Access:	Get full text
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