The location routing problem for cooling shelters during heat waves
Given the increasing frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves around the globe, more research is needed on the allocation and operations of cooling shelters for efficient heat mitigation. To address this need, this study considers a cooling shelter operating system that uses shuttle buses to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Urban climate Jg. 44; S. 101138 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Elsevier B.V
01.07.2022
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| ISSN: | 2212-0955, 2212-0955 |
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| Abstract | Given the increasing frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves around the globe, more research is needed on the allocation and operations of cooling shelters for efficient heat mitigation. To address this need, this study considers a cooling shelter operating system that uses shuttle buses to transport heat-vulnerable people and presents a binary integer programming model for the multi-depot location routing problem (LRP) that decides optimal locations of cooling shelters and routes of shuttle buses simultaneously with the objective of minimizing the total operating cost for full accommodation of the heat-vulnerable population. Since the LRP is NP-hard, we further present the simulated annealing to efficiently derive a near-optimal solution. We then validate the proposed methodology with an application to the 14 administrative regions of Ulsan Metropolitan City in the Republic of Korea to assign heat-vulnerable residents and provide them with ride services to the associated cooling shelters. The overall results demonstrate the proposed methodology's competitive performance compared with the traditional two-phased solution approach that separately solves the location problem and routing problem. In particular, our results show that the proposed methodology can save up to 49,000 USD in addressing the cooling shelter location routing problem compared to the two-phased solution approach. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis is conducted regarding three factors that are likely to impact the effectiveness and efficiency of cooling shelter operations: shuttle bus capacity, traveling cost, and maximum walking distance. Our research provides recommendations for policymakers to carry out the best heat mitigation strategy for their unique circumstances and reduce heat-related illness and death.
•Locations and route decisions of/to cooling shelters are addressed simultaneously.•A mathematical model and a simulated annealing are presented to solve the problem.•Mobile-based floating population data are used to reflect variable demand points.•The proposed methodology is validated with an application to Ulsan, Korea.•Our study shows an 18% saving in costs and outperforms the existing approach. |
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| AbstractList | Given the increasing frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves around the globe, more research is needed on the allocation and operations of cooling shelters for efficient heat mitigation. To address this need, this study considers a cooling shelter operating system that uses shuttle buses to transport heat-vulnerable people and presents a binary integer programming model for the multi-depot location routing problem (LRP) that decides optimal locations of cooling shelters and routes of shuttle buses simultaneously with the objective of minimizing the total operating cost for full accommodation of the heat-vulnerable population. Since the LRP is NP-hard, we further present the simulated annealing to efficiently derive a near-optimal solution. We then validate the proposed methodology with an application to the 14 administrative regions of Ulsan Metropolitan City in the Republic of Korea to assign heat-vulnerable residents and provide them with ride services to the associated cooling shelters. The overall results demonstrate the proposed methodology's competitive performance compared with the traditional two-phased solution approach that separately solves the location problem and routing problem. In particular, our results show that the proposed methodology can save up to 49,000 USD in addressing the cooling shelter location routing problem compared to the two-phased solution approach. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis is conducted regarding three factors that are likely to impact the effectiveness and efficiency of cooling shelter operations: shuttle bus capacity, traveling cost, and maximum walking distance. Our research provides recommendations for policymakers to carry out the best heat mitigation strategy for their unique circumstances and reduce heat-related illness and death.
•Locations and route decisions of/to cooling shelters are addressed simultaneously.•A mathematical model and a simulated annealing are presented to solve the problem.•Mobile-based floating population data are used to reflect variable demand points.•The proposed methodology is validated with an application to Ulsan, Korea.•Our study shows an 18% saving in costs and outperforms the existing approach. |
| ArticleNumber | 101138 |
| Author | Woo, Seungok Kim, Jaesung Yoon, Seokho Kweon, Sang Jin Hwang, Seong Wook |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Seokho surname: Yoon fullname: Yoon, Seokho organization: Department of Industrial Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Seungok surname: Woo fullname: Woo, Seungok organization: Department of Industrial Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Jaesung surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Jaesung organization: Department of Industrial Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Seong Wook surname: Hwang fullname: Hwang, Seong Wook organization: Department of Business Administration, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Sang Jin surname: Kweon fullname: Kweon, Sang Jin email: sjkweon@unist.ac.kr organization: Department of Industrial Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijdrr_2024_104730 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pdisas_2024_100331 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2024_123312 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compenvurbsys_2025_102330 crossref_primary_10_1177_03611981251342249 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17177790 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ufug_2024_128444 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2023_121990 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2025_128572 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2025_104329 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2025_105925 |
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| Keywords | Heat waves Sensitivity analysis Binary integer programming Cooling shelter Location routing problem Simulated annealing |
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| SubjectTerms | Binary integer programming Cooling shelter Heat waves Location routing problem Sensitivity analysis Simulated annealing |
| Title | The location routing problem for cooling shelters during heat waves |
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