Water inrush risk assessment during karst tunnel construction based on knowledge decision and data-driven methods

•A set of water inrush risk evaluation indicators during karst tunnel construction were established.•A knowledge decision model of water inrush risk assessment were constructed based on VIKOR model and integrated weights.•A knowledge-data dual-driven DE-GWO-ELM model was proposed to realize interpre...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Tunnelling and underground space technology Vol. 168; p. 107120
Main Authors:	Li, Xuewei, Li, Shuchen, Wang, Bo, Qu, Jiaxin, Zhao, Jinlong, Zhao, Shisen
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2026
Subjects:	Data-driven Knowledge decision Risk assessment Tunnel construction Water inrush Tunnel construction Data-driven Water inrush Knowledge decision Risk assessment
ISSN:	0886-7798
Online Access:	Get full text
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