Variations in the sugar profiles of Brazilian stingless bee honeys as determined by ion chromatography: A preliminary study of the effect of bee species and botanical source
The honey of honeybees is the most used insect-produced food worldwide, and its physicochemical characteristics are well-known, facilitating quality control and commercialisation. However, stingless bee honey does not meet the established parameters for honeybee honey, and new research is needed to...
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| Published in: | Journal of food composition and analysis Vol. 148; p. 108187 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01.12.2025
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| ISSN: | 0889-1575 |
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| Abstract | The honey of honeybees is the most used insect-produced food worldwide, and its physicochemical characteristics are well-known, facilitating quality control and commercialisation. However, stingless bee honey does not meet the established parameters for honeybee honey, and new research is needed to recognise the criteria for evaluation of these honeys. A distinguishing feature of stingless bee honey samples is the disaccharide trehalulose, a low glycemic index sugar that is becoming a biomarker for stingless bee honey authentication. This study assesses trehalulose levels and honey sugar content variation of fifteen different stingless bee species from Brazil, which has the greatest diversity of stingless bees in the world. The ion chromatography method achieved excellent separations of saccharides, including trehalulose, maltose and sucrose. Trehalulose was detected in honey samples from Melipona bees (below limit of quantitation to 2.79 %), Scaptotrigona bees (1.81 – 8.32 %), Tetragonisca bees (5.44 – 23.90 %), Plebeia bees (12.81 %), and Tetragona bees (24.68 – 39.03 %). Both bee species and local botanical sources potentially determine the trehalulose levels in stingless bee honey. In this sense, the definition of accepted limits for trehalulose in honey must be established per each species of stingless bee, based on a greater number of samples from different locations.
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•Trehalulose compared in Brazilian stingless bee honey from 5 genera (15 species).•Quantitation of 10 sugars in these honeys by robust ion chromatography-based method.•Trehalulose is not a dominant sugar in the honey of every species of stingless bee. |
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| AbstractList | The honey of honeybees is the most used insect-produced food worldwide, and its physicochemical characteristics are well-known, facilitating quality control and commercialisation. However, stingless bee honey does not meet the established parameters for honeybee honey, and new research is needed to recognise the criteria for evaluation of these honeys. A distinguishing feature of stingless bee honey samples is the disaccharide trehalulose, a low glycemic index sugar that is becoming a biomarker for stingless bee honey authentication. This study assesses trehalulose levels and honey sugar content variation of fifteen different stingless bee species from Brazil, which has the greatest diversity of stingless bees in the world. The ion chromatography method achieved excellent separations of saccharides, including trehalulose, maltose and sucrose. Trehalulose was detected in honey samples from Melipona bees (below limit of quantitation to 2.79 %), Scaptotrigona bees (1.81 – 8.32 %), Tetragonisca bees (5.44 – 23.90 %), Plebeia bees (12.81 %), and Tetragona bees (24.68 – 39.03 %). Both bee species and local botanical sources potentially determine the trehalulose levels in stingless bee honey. In this sense, the definition of accepted limits for trehalulose in honey must be established per each species of stingless bee, based on a greater number of samples from different locations.
[Display omitted]
•Trehalulose compared in Brazilian stingless bee honey from 5 genera (15 species).•Quantitation of 10 sugars in these honeys by robust ion chromatography-based method.•Trehalulose is not a dominant sugar in the honey of every species of stingless bee. |
| ArticleNumber | 108187 |
| Author | Hungerford, Natasha L. Yates, Hans S.A. Nicodemo, Daniel Fletcher, Mary T. Marelli, Jean-Philippe Zhang, Jiali de Avelar Gomes, Cássia Regina |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jiali surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jiali organization: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Hans S.A. surname: Yates fullname: Yates, Hans S.A. organization: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Cássia Regina surname: de Avelar Gomes fullname: de Avelar Gomes, Cássia Regina organization: Animal Science Graduate Program, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Daniel surname: Nicodemo fullname: Nicodemo, Daniel organization: Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Mary T. surname: Fletcher fullname: Fletcher, Mary T. organization: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia – sequence: 6 givenname: Jean-Philippe surname: Marelli fullname: Marelli, Jean-Philippe organization: Arimubee, Fazenda Arimuguê, Santo André, Santa Cruz Cabralia, Bahía 45807-000, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Natasha L. orcidid: 0000-0002-5695-0713 surname: Hungerford fullname: Hungerford, Natasha L. email: n.hungerford@uq.edu.au organization: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia |
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| Keywords | FSANZ CE GI HPLC-RID Stingless bee honey LC-MS/MS NMR Ion chromatography Min HPIC-PAD ND SBH Meliponini IC Trehalulose Brazilian stingless bee species HPLC |
| Language | English |
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