Environmental impact assessment and performance evaluation of alternative garments dry process on denim fabric: A substitute for hazardous PP spray

In addition to fashionable designs and trendy styles, today's consumers increasingly value clothing comfort, environmental sustainability, and aesthetic appeal. While earlier studies mainly looked at the physical properties of denim fabrics treated with hazardous garments dry methods like sandb...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the Indian Chemical Society Vol. 102; no. 10; p. 102069
Main Authors: Rahaman, Md. Tareque, Al Rakib Shikder, Abdullah, Hossain, Alimran, Al Mamun, Md. Abdullah
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier B.V 01.10.2025
Subjects:
Apparel merchandising
Chromatic parameter
Color fading
Color strength (K/S)
Denim washing
Garments dry process
Garments wet process
Sustainable fashion
Textile coloration
Color strength (K/S)
Garments dry process
Denim washing
Color fading
Apparel merchandising
Textile coloration
Sustainable fashion
Chromatic parameter
Garments wet process
ISSN:0019-4522
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:In addition to fashionable designs and trendy styles, today's consumers increasingly value clothing comfort, environmental sustainability, and aesthetic appeal. While earlier studies mainly looked at the physical properties of denim fabrics treated with hazardous garments dry methods like sandblasting, whisker, and Potassium Permanganate (PP) spray, those mostly overlooked examining the environmental impact, chromatic parameters, and vintage effects empirically. This research investigates dry processing techniques applied to first-washed denim using hydrogen peroxide and sodium dithionite at varying concentrations (5–20 g/L) as sustainable alternatives to conventional methods like PP spray. Treated samples were neutralized, thoroughly rinsed, and tested to evaluate fabric properties while aiming to achieve desirable worn-out effects with minimal environmental impact. It addresses a significant research gap by assessing chromatic parameters using a Datacolor spectrophotometer and environmental impact assessment through EIM software. Key physical properties analyzed include tensile and tear strength, shrinkage percentage, air permeability, and color fastness. Compared to PP spray, which received a medium-impact EIM score of 35 (based on the scale: 0–33 = low, 34–66 = medium, >66 = high), the alternative dry processes using hydrogen peroxide and sodium dithionite achieved significantly lower, more environmentally sustainable scores of 7 and 13, respectively. The results indicate that higher concentrations (15 g/L and 20 g/L) of hydrogen peroxide and sodium dithionite reduce color strength (K/S) and chromaticity (C∗), resulting in lighter black or grayish hues. In contrast, lower concentrations (5 g/L and 10 g/L) yield higher a∗ (red-green), b∗ (yellow-blue), and reflectance values. Additionally, fabrics treated with lower chemical concentrations show reduced resistance to color change and staining compared to those treated with PP spray. This research applies comprehensive evaluation metrics, including EIM score, K/S, C∗, hue angle, CIELAB coordinates, reflectance percentage, and color fastness tests (rubbing, washing, and light fastness) to validate the sustainability and effectiveness of these alternative approaches. [Display omitted] •Sustainable chemical treatments for creating faded and distressed denim offer environmental, social, and economic advantages.•Focusing on the rising consumer demand for sustainable fashion and conscious style choices.•Encourage sustainable alternative to PP spray for denim washing.•Promoting chemical safety without comprising the performance of denim apprel.
ISSN:0019-4522
DOI:10.1016/j.jics.2025.102069