Hybrid phantom for lung CT: Design and validation

CT lung imaging protocols need to be optimized. This claim is especially important due to the possible introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. Given the incorporation of non-linear reconstructions and post-processing, the use of phantoms that consider task-based evaluation is n...

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Vydáno v:Medical physics (Lancaster) Ročník 52; číslo 8; s. e17990
Hlavní autoři: Costa, Paulo Roberto, Boiset, Gisell Ruiz, Pimenta, Elsa Bifano, Rocha, Raphael Moratta Vieira, Moura, Raissa Aline Santos, Marques, Wagner Henrique, Oostveen, Luuk J., Geurts, Bram, Sawamura, Marcio Valente Yamada, Nersissian, Denise Yanikian, Yoshimura, Elisabeth Mateus, Sechopoulos, Ioannis
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States John Wiley and Sons Inc 01.08.2025
Témata:
Early Detection of Cancer - instrumentation
Equipment Design
Humans
Lung - diagnostic imaging
Lung Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging
Phantoms, Imaging
Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation
lung imaging
LDCT
anthropomorphic phantom
3D printing
ISSN:0094-2405, 2473-4209, 2473-4209
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Abstract CT lung imaging protocols need to be optimized. This claim is especially important due to the possible introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. Given the incorporation of non-linear reconstructions and post-processing, the use of phantoms that consider task-based evaluation is needed. This is also true for acceptance and continuous QC use. To present and validate a lung-CT hybrid phantom composed of two setups, one for task-based image quality metrics and the other anthropomorphic. The task-based metrics setup was based on the well-known Mercury phantom and the anthropomorphic setup named Freddie (from Figure of Merit Performance evaluation of Detectability in Diagnostic CT Imaging Equipment) was designed with the same basic dimensions of the Mercury phantom, but including pieces and materials for mimicking chest structures, such as tracheobronchial tree and lung parenchyma. This setup allows the inclusion of pieces of different sizes to mimic ground-glass opacities, and sub-solid and solid lung nodules. The validation of the phantom adopted three methods: comparative evaluation of the attenuation properties and the corresponding Hounsfield Units (HU) values of the selected materials; image assessment according to five chest radiologists and eight non-radiologists' observations (reader study), and measurement of task-based metrics. Images of both setups were acquired using two clinical thorax protocols, both using automatic tube current modulation (TCM). Two x-ray filter combinations were adopted. The images were reconstructed using a deep learning-based algorithm. The agreement of nominal and observed HU values in the task-based setup was within 15%, except for three (TangoBlack+, VeroClear, and HIPS) of the materials employed in the phantom construction, at some beam energies. In the reader study, synthetic solid nodules printed in VeroClear received average Likert scores 4.0 (range 3.0-4.0) from radiologists and 3 (range 2.6-3.8) from non-radiologists, printed in TangoBlack+ received an average Likert score of 3.9 (range 3.8-4.2) from radiologists and 4.0 (range 3.8-4.4) from non-radiologists, while those printed in HIPS scored an average Likert of 3.8 (range 3.3-3.9) from radiologists and 3.3 (range 3.1-3.3) from non-radiologists. The synthetic ground-glass opacities (GGO) nodules manufactured in EVA received an average Likert score of 3.8 (range 2.8-4.6) from radiologists and 4.3 (range 3.6-4.8) from non-radiologists. The task-based setup demonstrated detectability index variations across protocols influenced by the dose levels, voltage, and x-ray beam filtration used. The novelty of the proposed design is concentrated on the possibility of associating the response of the task-based setup (Mercury) with a patient-based setup (Freddie) in a unique phantom. This hybrid design enhances the potential to apply the detectability index for optimizing CT protocols in clinical scenarios.
AbstractList CT lung imaging protocols need to be optimized. This claim is especially important due to the possible introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. Given the incorporation of non-linear reconstructions and post-processing, the use of phantoms that consider task-based evaluation is needed. This is also true for acceptance and continuous QC use.BACKGROUNDCT lung imaging protocols need to be optimized. This claim is especially important due to the possible introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. Given the incorporation of non-linear reconstructions and post-processing, the use of phantoms that consider task-based evaluation is needed. This is also true for acceptance and continuous QC use.To present and validate a lung-CT hybrid phantom composed of two setups, one for task-based image quality metrics and the other anthropomorphic.PURPOSETo present and validate a lung-CT hybrid phantom composed of two setups, one for task-based image quality metrics and the other anthropomorphic.The task-based metrics setup was based on the well-known Mercury phantom and the anthropomorphic setup named Freddie (from Figure of Merit Performance evaluation of Detectability in Diagnostic CT Imaging Equipment) was designed with the same basic dimensions of the Mercury phantom, but including pieces and materials for mimicking chest structures, such as tracheobronchial tree and lung parenchyma. This setup allows the inclusion of pieces of different sizes to mimic ground-glass opacities, and sub-solid and solid lung nodules. The validation of the phantom adopted three methods: comparative evaluation of the attenuation properties and the corresponding Hounsfield Units (HU) values of the selected materials; image assessment according to five chest radiologists and eight non-radiologists' observations (reader study), and measurement of task-based metrics. Images of both setups were acquired using two clinical thorax protocols, both using automatic tube current modulation (TCM). Two x-ray filter combinations were adopted. The images were reconstructed using a deep learning-based algorithm.METHODSThe task-based metrics setup was based on the well-known Mercury phantom and the anthropomorphic setup named Freddie (from Figure of Merit Performance evaluation of Detectability in Diagnostic CT Imaging Equipment) was designed with the same basic dimensions of the Mercury phantom, but including pieces and materials for mimicking chest structures, such as tracheobronchial tree and lung parenchyma. This setup allows the inclusion of pieces of different sizes to mimic ground-glass opacities, and sub-solid and solid lung nodules. The validation of the phantom adopted three methods: comparative evaluation of the attenuation properties and the corresponding Hounsfield Units (HU) values of the selected materials; image assessment according to five chest radiologists and eight non-radiologists' observations (reader study), and measurement of task-based metrics. Images of both setups were acquired using two clinical thorax protocols, both using automatic tube current modulation (TCM). Two x-ray filter combinations were adopted. The images were reconstructed using a deep learning-based algorithm.The agreement of nominal and observed HU values in the task-based setup was within 15%, except for three (TangoBlack+, VeroClear, and HIPS) of the materials employed in the phantom construction, at some beam energies. In the reader study, synthetic solid nodules printed in VeroClear received average Likert scores 4.0 (range 3.0-4.0) from radiologists and 3 (range 2.6-3.8) from non-radiologists, printed in TangoBlack+ received an average Likert score of 3.9 (range 3.8-4.2) from radiologists and 4.0 (range 3.8-4.4) from non-radiologists, while those printed in HIPS scored an average Likert of 3.8 (range 3.3-3.9) from radiologists and 3.3 (range 3.1-3.3) from non-radiologists. The synthetic ground-glass opacities (GGO) nodules manufactured in EVA received an average Likert score of 3.8 (range 2.8-4.6) from radiologists and 4.3 (range 3.6-4.8) from non-radiologists. The task-based setup demonstrated detectability index variations across protocols influenced by the dose levels, voltage, and x-ray beam filtration used.RESULTSThe agreement of nominal and observed HU values in the task-based setup was within 15%, except for three (TangoBlack+, VeroClear, and HIPS) of the materials employed in the phantom construction, at some beam energies. In the reader study, synthetic solid nodules printed in VeroClear received average Likert scores 4.0 (range 3.0-4.0) from radiologists and 3 (range 2.6-3.8) from non-radiologists, printed in TangoBlack+ received an average Likert score of 3.9 (range 3.8-4.2) from radiologists and 4.0 (range 3.8-4.4) from non-radiologists, while those printed in HIPS scored an average Likert of 3.8 (range 3.3-3.9) from radiologists and 3.3 (range 3.1-3.3) from non-radiologists. The synthetic ground-glass opacities (GGO) nodules manufactured in EVA received an average Likert score of 3.8 (range 2.8-4.6) from radiologists and 4.3 (range 3.6-4.8) from non-radiologists. The task-based setup demonstrated detectability index variations across protocols influenced by the dose levels, voltage, and x-ray beam filtration used.The novelty of the proposed design is concentrated on the possibility of associating the response of the task-based setup (Mercury) with a patient-based setup (Freddie) in a unique phantom. This hybrid design enhances the potential to apply the detectability index for optimizing CT protocols in clinical scenarios.CONCLUSIONSThe novelty of the proposed design is concentrated on the possibility of associating the response of the task-based setup (Mercury) with a patient-based setup (Freddie) in a unique phantom. This hybrid design enhances the potential to apply the detectability index for optimizing CT protocols in clinical scenarios.
CT lung imaging protocols need to be optimized. This claim is especially important due to the possible introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. Given the incorporation of non-linear reconstructions and post-processing, the use of phantoms that consider task-based evaluation is needed. This is also true for acceptance and continuous QC use. To present and validate a lung-CT hybrid phantom composed of two setups, one for task-based image quality metrics and the other anthropomorphic. The task-based metrics setup was based on the well-known Mercury phantom and the anthropomorphic setup named Freddie (from Figure of Merit Performance evaluation of Detectability in Diagnostic CT Imaging Equipment) was designed with the same basic dimensions of the Mercury phantom, but including pieces and materials for mimicking chest structures, such as tracheobronchial tree and lung parenchyma. This setup allows the inclusion of pieces of different sizes to mimic ground-glass opacities, and sub-solid and solid lung nodules. The validation of the phantom adopted three methods: comparative evaluation of the attenuation properties and the corresponding Hounsfield Units (HU) values of the selected materials; image assessment according to five chest radiologists and eight non-radiologists' observations (reader study), and measurement of task-based metrics. Images of both setups were acquired using two clinical thorax protocols, both using automatic tube current modulation (TCM). Two x-ray filter combinations were adopted. The images were reconstructed using a deep learning-based algorithm. The agreement of nominal and observed HU values in the task-based setup was within 15%, except for three (TangoBlack+, VeroClear, and HIPS) of the materials employed in the phantom construction, at some beam energies. In the reader study, synthetic solid nodules printed in VeroClear received average Likert scores 4.0 (range 3.0-4.0) from radiologists and 3 (range 2.6-3.8) from non-radiologists, printed in TangoBlack+ received an average Likert score of 3.9 (range 3.8-4.2) from radiologists and 4.0 (range 3.8-4.4) from non-radiologists, while those printed in HIPS scored an average Likert of 3.8 (range 3.3-3.9) from radiologists and 3.3 (range 3.1-3.3) from non-radiologists. The synthetic ground-glass opacities (GGO) nodules manufactured in EVA received an average Likert score of 3.8 (range 2.8-4.6) from radiologists and 4.3 (range 3.6-4.8) from non-radiologists. The task-based setup demonstrated detectability index variations across protocols influenced by the dose levels, voltage, and x-ray beam filtration used. The novelty of the proposed design is concentrated on the possibility of associating the response of the task-based setup (Mercury) with a patient-based setup (Freddie) in a unique phantom. This hybrid design enhances the potential to apply the detectability index for optimizing CT protocols in clinical scenarios.
Author Pimenta, Elsa Bifano
Marques, Wagner Henrique
Oostveen, Luuk J.
Boiset, Gisell Ruiz
Nersissian, Denise Yanikian
Moura, Raissa Aline Santos
Yoshimura, Elisabeth Mateus
Sechopoulos, Ioannis
Geurts, Bram
Sawamura, Marcio Valente Yamada
Costa, Paulo Roberto
Rocha, Raphael Moratta Vieira
AuthorAffiliation 4 Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (USP) São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
2 Department of Medical Imaging Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherland
3 Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP) São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
1 Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo (USP) São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Keywords lung imaging
LDCT
anthropomorphic phantom
3D printing
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Snippet CT lung imaging protocols need to be optimized. This claim is especially important due to the possible introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) for lung cancer...
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SubjectTerms Early Detection of Cancer - instrumentation
Equipment Design
Humans
Lung - diagnostic imaging
Lung Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging
Phantoms, Imaging
Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation
Title Hybrid phantom for lung CT: Design and validation
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