Power transformer optimal design using an innovative heuristic algorithm combined with mixed-integer non-linear programming and FEM technique
Power transformer optimal design (PTOD) is a complex multi-objective optimisation problem. Due to large variables search space, most optimisation methods proposed in literature for PTOD are prone to find local minimum instead of the global one. To prevail over the aforementioned problem, this study...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | IET generation, transmission & distribution Jg. 11; H. 13; S. 3359 - 3370 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
The Institution of Engineering and Technology
07.09.2017
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1751-8687, 1751-8695 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Power transformer optimal design (PTOD) is a complex multi-objective optimisation problem. Due to large variables search space, most optimisation methods proposed in literature for PTOD are prone to find local minimum instead of the global one. To prevail over the aforementioned problem, this study aims to propose a new heuristic algorithm combined with mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP), and also, some modifications to conventional PTOD procedure. Some promising features of the proposed method in comparison to the previously proposed methods are (i) it considers more design variables as a gene for transformer constructing chromosome (TCC), (ii) before building the main TCC, it divides the PTOD algorithm into some sub-algorithms and starts to construct some sub-chromosomes with lower number of genes as parts of the main TCC, which allows us to detect improper genes based on a sensitivity analysis and design constraints, (iii) not only it considers technical and consumer constrains, but it also take manufacturing constraints into account, (iv) MINLP is used to find global optimum point, and (v) the validity of obtained optimal solution is further assessed by presenting comprehensive finite-element method (FEM) and experimental result. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Power transformer optimal design (PTOD) is a complex multi‐objective optimisation problem. Due to large variables search space, most optimisation methods proposed in literature for PTOD are prone to find local minimum instead of the global one. To prevail over the aforementioned problem, this study aims to propose a new heuristic algorithm combined with mixed‐integer non‐linear programming (MINLP), and also, some modifications to conventional PTOD procedure. Some promising features of the proposed method in comparison to the previously proposed methods are (i) it considers more design variables as a gene for transformer constructing chromosome (TCC), (ii) before building the main TCC, it divides the PTOD algorithm into some sub‐algorithms and starts to construct some sub‐chromosomes with lower number of genes as parts of the main TCC, which allows us to detect improper genes based on a sensitivity analysis and design constraints, (iii) not only it considers technical and consumer constrains, but it also take manufacturing constraints into account, (iv) MINLP is used to find global optimum point, and (v) the validity of obtained optimal solution is further assessed by presenting comprehensive finite‐element method (FEM) and experimental result. |
| Author | Lesani, Hamid Yadollahi, Milad |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Milad surname: Yadollahi fullname: Yadollahi, Milad email: m.yadollahi@ut.ac.ir organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-515, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 2 givenname: Hamid surname: Lesani fullname: Lesani, Hamid organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-515, Tehran, Iran |
| BookMark | eNqFkM1OAyEURompiW31AdzxAlNhmB_Gnda2mtTooq4nDDBTmhmowLT2IXxnaWpcuNAVl8D57r1nBAbaaAnANUYTjJLiRkkfNV5MYoTzCcIpPgNDnKc4olmRDn5qml-AkXMbhNI0S_Ih-Hw1e2mht0y72tgu1GbrVcdaKKRTjYa9U7qBTEOltdkxr3YSrmVvlfOKQ9Y2xiq_7iA3XaW0FHAfrrBTH1JESnvZhMgwbNSGR2bh1prGsq47hQo4nz1DL_laq_deXoLzmrVOXn2fY_A2n62mj9HyZfE0vVtGPE4KGlUCE1ExnOVhoSROBeI4IwTllHFKZMJEzCnmKZEoywpSi6piNakrwrmgjCZkDPJTLrfGOSvrkisfVjM6iFBtiVF5tFoGq2WwWh6tlkergcS_yK0NtuzhT-b2xOxVKw__A-Vi9RDfzxFOMhrg6AQfv21Mb3UQ80ezL5uxpGQ |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2018_2808518 crossref_primary_10_1002_etep_2659 crossref_primary_10_1049_gtd2_12425 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_pel_2019_0316 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TMAG.2005.856921 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2028763 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2044644 10.1109/TMAG.2006.892258 10.1201/9780367800598 10.1049/iet-epa.2008.0238 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2243134 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.036 10.1109/CCECE.2002.1015233 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.034 10.1109/TMAG.2007.915119 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2017 The Authors. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Institution of Engineering and Technology – notice: 2017 The Authors. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0151 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1751-8695 |
| EndPage | 3370 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_0151 GTD2BF01468 |
| Genre | article |
| GroupedDBID | 0R 24P 29I 4IJ 6IK 8VB AAJGR ABPTK ACIWK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BFFAM ESX HZ IFIPE IPLJI JAVBF LAI LOTEE LXI M43 MS NADUK NXXTH O9- OCL QWB RIE RNS RUI U5U UNMZH UNR ZL0 .DC 0R~ 0ZK 1OC 4.4 8FE 8FG 96U AAHHS AAHJG ABJCF ABQXS ACCFJ ACCMX ACESK ACXQS ADEYR ADZOD AEEZP AEGXH AEQDE AFAZI AFKRA AIWBW AJBDE ALUQN ARAPS AVUZU BENPR BGLVJ CCPQU EBS EJD F8P GOZPB GROUPED_DOAJ GRPMH HCIFZ HZ~ IAO IGS ITC K1G L6V M7S MCNEO MS~ OK1 P62 PTHSS ROL S0W AAYXX AFFHD CITATION IDLOA PHGZM PHGZT PQGLB WIN |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c2498-bd13dba167687425d0c1633078ac83e4ad2c81c53e06693fdbbaf3fb3ccd8a843 |
| IEDL.DBID | 24P |
| ISSN | 1751-8687 |
| IngestDate | Tue Nov 18 22:24:40 EST 2025 Wed Oct 29 21:20:40 EDT 2025 Wed Jan 22 16:32:35 EST 2025 Tue Jan 05 21:45:56 EST 2021 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 13 |
| Keywords | power transformers integer programming nonlinear programming sensitivity analysis MINLP global optimum point innovative heuristic algorithm finite-element method design constraints finite element analysis mixed-integer nonlinear programming power transformer optimal design local minimum TCC PTOD algorithm large variable search space manufacturing constraints transformer constructing chromosome FEM technique complex multiobjective optimisation problem search problems |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2498-bd13dba167687425d0c1633078ac83e4ad2c81c53e06693fdbbaf3fb3ccd8a843 |
| PageCount | 12 |
| ParticipantIDs | wiley_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_0151_GTD2BF01468 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_0151 iet_journals_10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_0151 crossref_citationtrail_10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_0151 |
| ProviderPackageCode | RUI |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2017-09-07 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2017-09-07 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2017 text: 2017-09-07 day: 07 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationTitle | IET generation, transmission & distribution |
| PublicationYear | 2017 |
| Publisher | The Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| Publisher_xml | – name: The Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| References | Khatri, A.; Rahi, O.P. (C2) 2012; 1 Georgilakis, P.S.; Gioulekas, A.T.; Souflaris, A.T. (C17) 2007; 181 Coelho, L.S.; Mariani, V.C.; Luz, M.V.F. (C16) 2013; 49 Arjona, M.A.; Hernandez, C.; Cisneros-Gonzalez, M. (C11) 2010; 46 Amoiralis, I.; Tsili, A.; Kladas, A.G. (C1) 2009; 24 Coelho1, L.S.; Mariani, V.C.; Guerra1, F.A. (C3) 2014; 50 Subramanian, S.; Padma, S. (C10) 2011; 19 Amoiralis, E.I.; Georgilakis, P.S.; Kelfalas, T.D. (C12) 2007; 43 Georgilakis, P.S. (C13) 2009; 3 Amoiralis, E.I.; Georgilakis, P.S.; Kefalas, T.D. (C18) 2007; 43 Georgilakis, P.S.; Tsili, M.A.; Souflaris, A.T. (C9) 2007; 181 Amoiralis, E.I.; Tsili, M.A.; Georgilakis, P.S. (C15) 2008; 44 Jabr, R. (C14) 2005; 41 Amoiralis, E.I.; Tsili, M.A.; Kladas, A.G. (C8) 1987; 25 2009; 24 2012; 1 2010; 46 2013; 49 2001 2000 2007; 181 2009 2002; 1 2005; 41 2004 2008; 44 2009; 3 2007; 43 2014; 50 2011; 19 e_1_2_7_5_2 e_1_2_7_2_2 Subramanian S. (e_1_2_7_11_2) 2011; 19 e_1_2_7_8_2 e_1_2_7_6_2 e_1_2_7_19_2 e_1_2_7_18_2 Karsai K. (e_1_2_7_7_2) 1987 e_1_2_7_17_2 e_1_2_7_16_2 e_1_2_7_15_2 e_1_2_7_14_2 e_1_2_7_13_2 e_1_2_7_12_2 e_1_2_7_10_2 e_1_2_7_20_2 Vecchio R.M.D. (e_1_2_7_21_2) 2001 Coelho1 L.S. (e_1_2_7_4_2) 2014; 50 Amoiralis E.I. (e_1_2_7_9_2) Khatri A. (e_1_2_7_3_2) 2012; 1 |
| References_xml | – volume: 50 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: C3 article-title: Multi objective optimization of transformer design using a chaotic evolutionary approach publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 3 start-page: 514 year: 2009 end-page: 519 ident: C13 article-title: Recursive genetic algorithm-finite element method technique for the solution of transformer manufacturing cost minimization problem publication-title: IET Electr. Power Appl. – volume: 24 start-page: 1999 issue: 4 year: 2009 end-page: 2024 ident: C1 article-title: Transformer design and optimization: a literature survey publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. – volume: 181 start-page: 281 issue: 1–3 year: 2007 end-page: 285 ident: C17 article-title: A decision tree method for the selection of winding material in power transformers publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. – ident: C8 article-title: Global transformer design optimization using deterministic and non-deterministic algorithms publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. – volume: 41 start-page: 4261 issue: 11 year: 2005 end-page: 4269 ident: C14 article-title: Application of geometric programming to transformer design publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 1 start-page: 159 issue: 2 year: 2012 end-page: 167 ident: C2 article-title: Optimal design of transformer: a compressive bibliographical survey publication-title: Int. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. – volume: 43 issue: 4 year: 2007 ident: C12 article-title: Artificial intelligence combined with hybrid FEM-BE techniques for global transformer optimization publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 19 issue: 3 year: 2011 ident: C10 article-title: Optimization of transformer design using bacterial foraging algorithm publication-title: Int. J. Comput. Appl. – volume: 46 start-page: 2864 issue: 8 year: 2010 end-page: 2867 ident: C11 article-title: Hybrid optimum design of a distribution transformer based on 2-D FE and a manufacturer design methodology publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 181 start-page: 260 year: 2007 end-page: 266 ident: C9 article-title: A heuristic solution to the transformer manufacturing cost optimization problem publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. – volume: 49 issue: 5 year: 2013 ident: C16 article-title: Novel gamma differential evolution approach for multi objective transformer design optimization publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 43 start-page: 1633 issue: 4 year: 2007 end-page: 1636 ident: C18 article-title: Artificial intelligence combined with hybrid FEM-BE techniques for global transformer optimization publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 44 start-page: 1022 issue: 6 year: 2008 end-page: 1025 ident: C15 article-title: A parallel mixed integer programming-finite element method technique for global design optimization of power transformers publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 41 start-page: 4261 issue: 11 year: 2005 end-page: 4269 article-title: Application of geometric programming to transformer design publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 181 start-page: 260 year: 2007 end-page: 266 article-title: A heuristic solution to the transformer manufacturing cost optimization problem publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. – volume: 46 start-page: 2864 issue: 8 year: 2010 end-page: 2867 article-title: Hybrid optimum design of a distribution transformer based on 2‐D FE and a manufacturer design methodology publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 50 issue: 2 year: 2014 article-title: Multi objective optimization of transformer design using a chaotic evolutionary approach publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 19 issue: 3 year: 2011 article-title: Optimization of transformer design using bacterial foraging algorithm publication-title: Int. J. Comput. Appl. – volume: 25 year: 1987 – volume: 3 start-page: 514 year: 2009 end-page: 519 article-title: Recursive genetic algorithm‐finite element method technique for the solution of transformer manufacturing cost minimization problem publication-title: IET Electr. Power Appl. – volume: 49 issue: 5 year: 2013 article-title: Novel gamma differential evolution approach for multi objective transformer design optimization publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 1 start-page: 285 year: 2002 end-page: 290 article-title: The applications of intelligent systems in power transformer design – year: 2001 – year: 2004 – volume: 181 start-page: 281 issue: 1–3 year: 2007 end-page: 285 article-title: A decision tree method for the selection of winding material in power transformers publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. – year: 2000 – volume: 1 start-page: 159 issue: 2 year: 2012 end-page: 167 article-title: Optimal design of transformer: a compressive bibliographical survey publication-title: Int. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. – volume: 43 start-page: 1633 issue: 4 year: 2007 end-page: 1636 article-title: Artificial intelligence combined with hybrid FEM‐BE techniques for global transformer optimization publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 43 issue: 4 year: 2007 article-title: Artificial intelligence combined with hybrid FEM‐BE techniques for global transformer optimization publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – article-title: Global transformer design optimization using deterministic and non‐deterministic algorithms publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. – volume: 44 start-page: 1022 issue: 6 year: 2008 end-page: 1025 article-title: A parallel mixed integer programming‐finite element method technique for global design optimization of power transformers publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – volume: 24 start-page: 1999 issue: 4 year: 2009 end-page: 2024 article-title: Transformer design and optimization: a literature survey publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. – year: 2009 article-title: Multi objective optimal design of high frequency transformers using genetic algorithm – ident: e_1_2_7_5_2 – volume: 1 start-page: 159 issue: 2 year: 2012 ident: e_1_2_7_3_2 article-title: Optimal design of transformer: a compressive bibliographical survey publication-title: Int. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. – ident: e_1_2_7_15_2 doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2005.856921 – ident: e_1_2_7_2_2 doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2028763 – volume-title: Transformer design principles – with application to core‐form power transformers year: 2001 ident: e_1_2_7_21_2 – volume: 50 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: e_1_2_7_4_2 article-title: Multi objective optimization of transformer design using a chaotic evolutionary approach publication-title: IEEE Trans. Magn. – ident: e_1_2_7_12_2 doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2044644 – ident: e_1_2_7_19_2 doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2006.892258 – ident: e_1_2_7_6_2 doi: 10.1201/9780367800598 – ident: e_1_2_7_14_2 doi: 10.1049/iet-epa.2008.0238 – ident: e_1_2_7_17_2 doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2243134 – ident: e_1_2_7_18_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.036 – ident: e_1_2_7_8_2 doi: 10.1109/CCECE.2002.1015233 – ident: e_1_2_7_9_2 article-title: Global transformer design optimization using deterministic and non‐deterministic algorithms publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. – volume-title: Studies in electrical and electronic engineering year: 1987 ident: e_1_2_7_7_2 – ident: e_1_2_7_10_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.034 – ident: e_1_2_7_16_2 doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2007.915119 – ident: e_1_2_7_20_2 – ident: e_1_2_7_13_2 doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2006.892258 – volume: 19 issue: 3 year: 2011 ident: e_1_2_7_11_2 article-title: Optimization of transformer design using bacterial foraging algorithm publication-title: Int. J. Comput. Appl. |
| SSID | ssj0055647 |
| Score | 2.1902058 |
| Snippet | Power transformer optimal design (PTOD) is a complex multi-objective optimisation problem. Due to large variables search space, most optimisation methods... Power transformer optimal design (PTOD) is a complex multi‐objective optimisation problem. Due to large variables search space, most optimisation methods... |
| SourceID | crossref wiley iet |
| SourceType | Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 3359 |
| SubjectTerms | complex multiobjective optimisation problem design constraints FEM technique finite element analysis finite‐element method global optimum point innovative heuristic algorithm integer programming large variable search space local minimum manufacturing constraints MINLP mixed‐integer nonlinear programming nonlinear programming power transformer optimal design power transformers PTOD algorithm Research Article search problems sensitivity analysis TCC transformer constructing chromosome |
| Title | Power transformer optimal design using an innovative heuristic algorithm combined with mixed-integer non-linear programming and FEM technique |
| URI | http://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0151 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1049%2Fiet-gtd.2017.0151 |
| Volume | 11 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Free Content customDbUrl: eissn: 1751-8695 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0055647 issn: 1751-8687 databaseCode: WIN dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 1751-8695 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0055647 issn: 1751-8687 databaseCode: 24P dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://authorservices.wiley.com/open-science/open-access/browse-journals.html providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1JS8QwFA5uBz24izs5iAeh2jRd0qPbqKDDHBS9lWwdC86MjFU8-hP0L_pLfC_tDIqgIF5KmzaP9CV5S_LyPUK2hNIssbj0FvraC5k1nvJz6_km9lWEh6-1A3E9T5pNcXOTtkbI4eAsTIUPMVxww5nh5DVOcKmqLCRg1EInFrb02iWCfbJkF5QauEDjjHGB-RuCsDUQx1EUuyxjoCaZJ2KRDLc2071vJL4op1F4_dVkdTqnMfMvrZ0l07XJSferMTJHRmx3nkx9AiJcIG8tTJZGy4EVC_c9kCUdqGZciAfF-Pg2lV1a1GlUnyy9tY8VzjOVd-1evyhvOxTaBb62NRQXeGmneLbm_eXVgVIA0W6vC0_4N7JP69CwTkXY0MbxBR1Cyi6Sq8bx5eGpVydr8DR4cMJThnGjJIvBfwF3OzK-BlMPJIiQWnAbShNowXTELRg5Kc-NUjLnueJaGyFFyJfIGDTCLhOKADMaYbEsos3lgQqUtEZrnUdpYGyyQvxBL2W6RjLHhBp3mdtRD9MMuJ0BtzPkdobcXiE7wyr3FYzHTx9vY1k9mR9--pC7Pv-dZHZyeRQc4GGLWKz-qdYamcRyF96WrJOxsv9oN8iEfiqLh_6mG_JwvT5rfgDUgwqd |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3JTsMwELXKIgEHdsSOD4gDUiB7nCPQFhCl4lAEt8hbSiTaohIqjnwC_CJfwoyTViAkkBC3LPbIGcezefyGkF0mpBNpDL35trR8RytL2Km2bBXaIsDD19KAuDaiZpPd3sZXFVIdnoUp8CFGATdcGUZe4wLHgHThcPoIkpnp3GrniPbpRAeg1cAHmvDB4MACDjfnzaE8DoLQlBkDPelYLGTRaG8zPvxG4ot2GoPXX21Wo3Tqc_8z3HkyWxqd9Kj4SxZIRXcXycwnKMIl8naF5dJoPrRj4boH0qQD3ZRJ8qCYId-mvEuzspDqQNM7_VQgPVN-3-71s_yuQ2Fg4G1rRTHESzvZs1bvL68GlgKIdntduMPP4X1aJod1CsKK1muXdAQqu0yu67XWyZlVlmuwJPhwzBLK8ZTgTggeDDjcgbIlGHsgQxiXzNM-V65kjgw8DWZO7KVKCJ56qfCkVIwz31sh4zAIvUooQsxIBMbSiDeXusIVXCspZRrErtLRGrGH05TIEsscS2rcJ2ZP3Y8T4HYC3E6Q2wlye43sj7o8FEAePzXew2flcn78qaFnJv13kslpq-oe43GLkK3_qdcOmTprXTaSxnnzYoNMYxuT7BZtkvG8_6S3yKQc5Nljf9v8_x8AQQ3m |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LbxMxELZCihAcaHmJQEt9QByQFva93iNtmlK1RDkUKbeVH7PpSskmSrYVR35C-xf5Jcx4d6NWlVIJcduHPbLH9jzs8TeMfRRKewnQ1lvoaif0wDjKzcFxTeyqiC5fawviepYMh2I8Tkcd1m_vwtT4EOsNN1oZVl7TAoeFyWuHMySQzAIqZ1IR2qeXfEGthj7QVhglHs1tPxy18jiKYptmDPWk54hYJOuzzfTrPRJ3tNMj_H3XZrVKZ7D9f5q7w543Rif_Vs-SF6wD5Uv27BYU4St2M6J0abxq7Vh8nqM0mWE1Y4M8OEXIT7gsedEkUr0CfgGXNdIzl9PJfFlUFzOODUNvGwynLV4-K36B-fP72sJSINFyXuIbdUcueRMcNqsJGz44-sHXoLKv2c_B0fnhd6dJ1-Bo9OGEo4wXGCW9GD0YdLgj42o09lCGCKlFAKE0vhaejgJAMycNcqOUzINcBVobIUUYvGFdbAS8ZZwgZjQBYwHhzeW-8pUEo7XOo9Q3kPSY2w5Tphssc0qpMc3smXqYZsjtDLmdEbcz4naPfV5XWdRAHpsKf6JvzXJebSoY2EF_mGR2fN73D-i6RSze_VOtffZk1B9kZyfD0_fsKRWxsW7JLutWy0vYY4_1VVWslh_s9P8L9F0M_Q |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Power+transformer+optimal+design+using+an+innovative+heuristic+algorithm+combined+with+mixed-integer+non-linear+programming+and+FEM+technique&rft.jtitle=IET+generation%2C+transmission+%26+distribution&rft.au=Yadollahi%2C+Milad&rft.au=Lesani%2C+Hamid&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft.pub=The+Institution+of+Engineering+and+Technology&rft.issn=1751-8687&rft.eissn=1751-8695&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=3359&rft.epage=3370&rft_id=info:doi/10.1049%2Fiet-gtd.2017.0151&rft.externalDocID=10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_0151 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1751-8687&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1751-8687&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1751-8687&client=summon |