Parallel field programmable gate array implementation of the sum of absolute differences algorithm used in the stereoscopic system

The key element of the stereoscopic system is based on the sum of absolute differences (SAD) algorithm, which is the most repeated operation in the stereo matching subsystem; however, this algorithm requires a very intensive processing time, statistical analysis show that the SAD block can consume m...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Telkomnika Jg. 20; H. 6; S. 1307 - 1316
Hauptverfasser: Sejai, Mohamed, Mansouri, Anass, Dosse, Saad Bennani, Ruichek, Yassine
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Yogyakarta Ahmad Dahlan University 01.12.2022
Schlagworte:
Algorithms
Cameras
Color imagery
Dynamic programming
Field programmable gate arrays
Frames per second
Matching
Optimization
Real time
Software
Statistical analysis
Stereoscopy
Subsystems
Vision systems
ISSN:1693-6930, 2302-9293
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract The key element of the stereoscopic system is based on the sum of absolute differences (SAD) algorithm, which is the most repeated operation in the stereo matching subsystem; however, this algorithm requires a very intensive processing time, statistical analysis show that the SAD block can consume more than 80% of the overall processing time of the algorithm. In this paper we propose a highly efficient hardware architecture of the SAD algorithm for real time stereo matching, the proposed architecture is established by a hierarchical parallel architecture of the SAD block, and verified by simulation and successfully implemented in Cyclone IV field programmable gate array (FPGA), it provides a significant reduction of processing time and the performance of the stereo imaging system is able to achieve 30 frames per second of 640x480 resolution color images. [...]the semi global algorithm incorporates the advantages of both local and global algorithms by achieving relatively low complexity. The mathematical operations must be performed efficiently to be used in real time stereo vision systems. [...]our work proposes to use a simple and fast architecture for disparity calculation, which is based on a SAD algorithm.
AbstractList The key element of the stereoscopic system is based on the sum of absolute differences (SAD) algorithm, which is the most repeated operation in the stereo matching subsystem; however, this algorithm requires a very intensive processing time, statistical analysis show that the SAD block can consume more than 80% of the overall processing time of the algorithm. In this paper we propose a highly efficient hardware architecture of the SAD algorithm for real time stereo matching, the proposed architecture is established by a hierarchical parallel architecture of the SAD block, and verified by simulation and successfully implemented in Cyclone IV field programmable gate array (FPGA), it provides a significant reduction of processing time and the performance of the stereo imaging system is able to achieve 30 frames per second of 640x480 resolution color images. [...]the semi global algorithm incorporates the advantages of both local and global algorithms by achieving relatively low complexity. The mathematical operations must be performed efficiently to be used in real time stereo vision systems. [...]our work proposes to use a simple and fast architecture for disparity calculation, which is based on a SAD algorithm.
Author Sejai, Mohamed
Mansouri, Anass
Dosse, Saad Bennani
Ruichek, Yassine
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mohamed
  surname: Sejai
  fullname: Sejai, Mohamed
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Anass
  surname: Mansouri
  fullname: Mansouri, Anass
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Saad Bennani
  surname: Dosse
  fullname: Dosse, Saad Bennani
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Yassine
  surname: Ruichek
  fullname: Ruichek, Yassine
BookMark eNqFUE1LxDAQDaLg-vEbDHjumk6_0oMHEb9A0IOey7Sd7mZNmjVJhb36y427guDFgWFmeO_NMO-I7Y92JMbOUjFPoQZ5EUi_WTOqN5x_gFDlHEAWsMdmkAlIaqizfTZLyzpLYopDdur9SsSoBBS1nLHPZ3SoNWk-KNI9Xzu7cGgMtpr4AgNxdA43XJm1JkNjwKDsyO3Aw5K4n8x3i623eorcXg0DORo78hz1wjoVloZPnnquxp0iRNz6zq5Vx_0mjuaEHQyoPZ3-1GP2envzcn2fPD7dPVxfPSYd5DUkfdr2ZZa3layo7UUPWMi2LPu8yDscJJEsi6qIQIcyA4woZiVBVUuoh6IS2TE73-2NP75P5EOzspMb48kGqngiLfJSRtbljtU5672joenU7ungUOkmFc3W-ebX-WbrfLN1PuqrP_q1Uwbd5l_lF-kJkwU
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s13177_025_00466_z
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2025_3604923
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2022. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2022. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
8FE
8FG
ABUWG
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
BVBZV
CCPQU
DWQXO
HCIFZ
P5Z
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
DOI 10.12928/telkomnika.v20i6.22852
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
East & South Asia Database
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
SciTech Premium Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Central China
East & South Asia Database
ProQuest Central
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2302-9293
EndPage 1316
ExternalDocumentID 10_12928_telkomnika_v20i6_22852
GroupedDBID 5VS
8FE
8FG
AAKDD
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACUHS
AFFHD
AFKRA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ARAPS
BENPR
BGLVJ
BPHCQ
BVBZV
CCPQU
CITATION
EOJEC
ESX
HCIFZ
I-F
KQ8
MK~
ML~
OBODZ
OK1
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
TUS
AZQEC
DWQXO
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c2492-d1bd634b787ebd0d2a58b66d454caf8ee86575d0dca832aa58a36e279829f5703
IEDL.DBID PIMPY
ISSN 1693-6930
IngestDate Mon Oct 20 03:03:11 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 06:34:41 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:31:45 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 6
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2492-d1bd634b787ebd0d2a58b66d454caf8ee86575d0dca832aa58a36e279829f5703
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/publiccontent/docview/2724915468?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID 2724915468
PQPubID 376296
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2724915468
crossref_citationtrail_10_12928_telkomnika_v20i6_22852
crossref_primary_10_12928_telkomnika_v20i6_22852
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-12-01
20221201
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-12-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Yogyakarta
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Yogyakarta
PublicationTitle Telkomnika
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Ahmad Dahlan University
Publisher_xml – name: Ahmad Dahlan University
SSID ssj0000702598
Score 2.2503936
Snippet The key element of the stereoscopic system is based on the sum of absolute differences (SAD) algorithm, which is the most repeated operation in the stereo...
SourceID proquest
crossref
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 1307
SubjectTerms Algorithms
Cameras
Color imagery
Dynamic programming
Field programmable gate arrays
Frames per second
Matching
Optimization
Real time
Software
Statistical analysis
Stereoscopy
Subsystems
Vision systems
Title Parallel field programmable gate array implementation of the sum of absolute differences algorithm used in the stereoscopic system
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2724915468
Volume 20
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2302-9293
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000702598
  issn: 1693-6930
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20071201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: East & South Asia Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2302-9293
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000702598
  issn: 1693-6930
  databaseCode: BVBZV
  dateStart: 20071201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eastsouthasia
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2302-9293
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000702598
  issn: 1693-6930
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20071201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2302-9293
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000702598
  issn: 1693-6930
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20071201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Nb9QwELXoLgd64BtRKCsfuKab9cZe-4QK2oqq7RKhggqXyF-BqLtJm91W4sovZ8ZxCr3AhVsky46lN3n-yMx7hLwuRSYz61WiNHcJsN8sMRNhE2EFd8qm5Sx4HX4-ni0W8uxM5bE8eh3TKntODETdqT1j3jaQ8Ng1Fm_MxwyGULD6C_nm4jJBDyn81xoNNbbIEIW30gEZ5ocn-ZebOxcIb9jth-o4oaYJugDGlC-mmByfzo-PPpwsDo_2965ZWok9xiRntxes23wdFqGDB_93-g_J_bgZpftd9Dwid3z9mGz_IVH4hPzMdYt2K0sact1ozOdaYcUVxSs4qttW_6DVqk9ER6RpU1LYWVJ4FT5qEyLc096OBciJ6uU3mNLm-4perb2jVd31AJx9g7UylaWdzPRT8ulgfvrufRJ9GxKL-oOJmxgnppkBLvDGpY5pLo0QLuOZ1aX0XuLfHmiwGvhEQ6ueCs9mSjJVoiLYMzKom9o_J9RxDWdoGEhwk3FlDLCEycxEhorgku8Q0YNT2Chqjt4aywIPN4hqsfHL82ZVV-e6CKgWAdUdkt50vOh0Pf7dZbeHtogf-rr4jeSLvze_JPcYVk6ETJhdMti0V_4VuWuvN9W6HZHh2_ki_zgiWzn_Oopx-wsuBv6n
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1LbxMxEB6VFAk48CxqoYAPwG3bxOt17AOHFlo1Shp6CFHFZevXtqsmu2WTFvXKD-pv7NjZLfQCpx64rWSNvbK_mfFjZj6A9xlnghknI6kSG6H160a6w03EDU-sNO2sG7gOx4PucCgOD-XBElw1uTA-rLKxicFQ29L4O_JNikIS_T0XdQRl313-xPPZ7FPvCy7mB0p3d0af96KaQiAyvhReZDva8phphKXTtm2pSoTm3LKEGZUJ54R_eMAGoxDaCltVzB3tSkFl5otTYb8fz35EnqXKv-bWlB33YFlwyVgLlrfH29_HN7c6qEB4ngj5d1zGkecZrIPKqKRic7Qz6H_dH_b6WxsXtJ3zDUpFQm-7xNseIbi53Sf_2wQ9hcf1hppsLTTgGSy54jk8-qPM4gv4daAqTxkzISFej9QxaVOfNUb8NSJRVaUuST5tguk9WkmZEdwdExzKfyodtNSRhlIGDSxRk2P8pfnJlJzPnCV5sZBArLrS5_vkhixKZa_AtzuZl5fQKsrCrQKxiYpjgR3xRLNEao2WTjPdESGrOUvWgDfLn5q6MLvnB5mk_oDmcZPO3eS0nBb5qUoDbtKAmzVo3wieLWqT_FtkvQFPWhurWfobOa_-3vwOHuyN9gfpoDfsv4aH1GeChMiedWjNq3P3Bu6bi3k-q97WekHg6K7Bdw2kvU1W
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9QwEB2VLUJw4LuipYAPcEx310kc-4BQRbtitdslh4LKKfgrNOpuUrLbVr3ys_h1jJ2k0AuceuAWyRpLcd7M2M6beQCvcxbxSFsRCBmbAKNfEqgh0wHTLDZCD_LEax1-niazGT86Euka_OxqYRytsouJPlCbSrs78j5FI4H5nvF-3tIi0r3Ru9PvgVOQcn9aOzmNBiITe3mBx7fl2_Eefus3lI72D99_CFqFgUC7TnmBGSrDwkghaq0yA0NlzBVjJoojLXNuLXf_JXBAS0S-xFEZMksTwanIXe8qnPcWrCdOv7cH6-n4IP1ydcODzoRnC1-Lx0QYOM3BlmBGBeX9w_3p5OPBbDzZ3Tmng4LtUMpjej09Xs8OPuWNHvzPi_UQ7rcbbbLbeMYjWLPlY7j3R_vFJ_AjlbWTkpkTz-MjLVdt4arJiLteJLKu5SUpFh3J3qGYVDnBXTPBV3OPUnnvtaSTmsHAS-T8Gy7B6nhBzpbWkKJsLBDDtnJ1QIUmTQvtp_DpRhZhA3plVdpnQEwsw5DjRCxWUSyUwgioIjXkvto5jzeBdVDIdNuw3emGzDN3cHMYylZ2flItyuJEZh5DmcfQJgyuDE-bniX_NtnugJS1QWyZ_UbR1t-HX8EdhFc2Hc8mz-EudQUinvCzDb1VfWZfwG19viqW9cvWRQh8vWmg_QKcCVYZ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Parallel+field+programmable+gate+array+implementation+of+the+sum+of+absolute+differences+algorithm+used+in+the+stereoscopic+system&rft.jtitle=Telkomnika&rft.au=Sejai%2C+Mohamed&rft.au=Mansouri%2C+Anass&rft.au=Dosse%2C+Saad+Bennani&rft.au=Ruichek%2C+Yassine&rft.date=2022-12-01&rft.issn=1693-6930&rft.eissn=2302-9293&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1307&rft_id=info:doi/10.12928%2Ftelkomnika.v20i6.22852&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_12928_telkomnika_v20i6_22852
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1693-6930&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1693-6930&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1693-6930&client=summon