Robust Joint Optimization for Efficient and Reliable FSO/RF Satellite-UAV-Terrestrial Networks With Random Fading and Imperfect Channel Information

This study focuses on a free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) satellite-UAV-terrestrial integrated network (SUTIN) to overcome limitations of traditional RF SUTIN on spectrum scarcity and security. Traditional resource allocations for FSO/RF SUTIN often prioritize transmission efficiency whi...

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Vydáno v:IEEE internet of things journal Ročník 12; číslo 21; s. 45307 - 45324
Hlavní autoři: Li, Xiaoyan, Liu, Yitong, Guo, Shaoai, Li, Zan, Zhao, Xiaohui
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Piscataway IEEE 01.11.2025
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Témata:
Algorithms
Atmospheric turbulence
Autonomous aerial vehicles
Clustering
Data communication
Data transmission
Decoupling
Fading
Fading channels
Mapping
mixed free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF)
Modal choice
modulation and coding schemes (MCS) adaption
Noise
Optimization
power allocation
Radio frequency
Reliability
Resource allocation
Resource management
Robustness (mathematics)
satellite-UAV-terrestrial networks
Satellites
Throughput
Trajectory optimization
Transmission efficiency
transmission optimization
Transmission rate (communications)
Unmanned aerial vehicles
ISSN:2327-4662, 2327-4662
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Abstract This study focuses on a free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) satellite-UAV-terrestrial integrated network (SUTIN) to overcome limitations of traditional RF SUTIN on spectrum scarcity and security. Traditional resource allocations for FSO/RF SUTIN often prioritize transmission efficiency while neglecting reliability. Moreover, in this network, atmospheric turbulence, pointing errors, and multipath fading can lead to unreliable data transmission. To resolve these problems, we propose a hybrid FSO/RF SUTIN based on adaptive modulation and coding schemes (MCS) and resource allocation algorithm to ensure both transmission efficiency and reliability with imperfect channel state information (CSI) and random channel fading. A joint optimization problem is formulated, incorporating MCS mode selection, power allocation, and UAV trajectory optimization, with frame error rate (FER) and CSI uncertainty constraints to maximize system throughput. To solve this complicated high dimension optimization problem, we present mathematical mapping models between the optimization variables and communication performance parameters (the average transmission rate and FER) with imperfect CSI and random fading for both FSO and RF link. According to these mapping models, a robust solution based on deep deterministic policy gradient is proposed, integrating decoupling and user clustering techniques to reduce the computational complexity. The simulation results demonstrate that this proposed FSO/RF SUTIN and the corresponding algorithm can improve system throughput and guarantee transmission reliability.
AbstractList This study focuses on a free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) satellite-UAV-terrestrial integrated network (SUTIN) to overcome limitations of traditional RF SUTIN on spectrum scarcity and security. Traditional resource allocations for FSO/RF SUTIN often prioritize transmission efficiency while neglecting reliability. Moreover, in this network, atmospheric turbulence, pointing errors, and multipath fading can lead to unreliable data transmission. To resolve these problems, we propose a hybrid FSO/RF SUTIN based on adaptive modulation and coding schemes (MCS) and resource allocation algorithm to ensure both transmission efficiency and reliability with imperfect channel state information (CSI) and random channel fading. A joint optimization problem is formulated, incorporating MCS mode selection, power allocation, and UAV trajectory optimization, with frame error rate (FER) and CSI uncertainty constraints to maximize system throughput. To solve this complicated high dimension optimization problem, we present mathematical mapping models between the optimization variables and communication performance parameters (the average transmission rate and FER) with imperfect CSI and random fading for both FSO and RF link. According to these mapping models, a robust solution based on deep deterministic policy gradient is proposed, integrating decoupling and user clustering techniques to reduce the computational complexity. The simulation results demonstrate that this proposed FSO/RF SUTIN and the corresponding algorithm can improve system throughput and guarantee transmission reliability.
Author Liu, Yitong
Li, Zan
Zhao, Xiaohui
Li, Xiaoyan
Guo, Shaoai
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Snippet This study focuses on a free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) satellite-UAV-terrestrial integrated network (SUTIN) to overcome limitations of...
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SubjectTerms Algorithms
Atmospheric turbulence
Autonomous aerial vehicles
Clustering
Data communication
Data transmission
Decoupling
Fading
Fading channels
Mapping
mixed free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF)
Modal choice
modulation and coding schemes (MCS) adaption
Noise
Optimization
power allocation
Radio frequency
Reliability
Resource allocation
Resource management
Robustness (mathematics)
satellite-UAV-terrestrial networks
Satellites
Throughput
Trajectory optimization
Transmission efficiency
transmission optimization
Transmission rate (communications)
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Title Robust Joint Optimization for Efficient and Reliable FSO/RF Satellite-UAV-Terrestrial Networks With Random Fading and Imperfect Channel Information
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