A Planar Array Synthesis Method Based on Deep Learning and Radiation Pattern Superposition Method

A dual-branched convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with hybrid training criteria is proposed for real-time multibeam synthesis in planar uniform antenna arrays. For higher speed in dataset generation, the pattern superposition method is introduced in this article, which significantly impr...

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Vydáno v:	IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation Ročník 73; číslo 8; s. 5265 - 5277
Hlavní autoři:	Huang, Jianming, Liu, Rui, Zhang, Naibo, Cui, Yansong, Ren, Weizheng, Guo, Qiuquan, Du, Yanjun, Zhao, Jiayu
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	New York IEEE 01.08.2025 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Témata:	Antenna arrays Antenna design Antenna radiation patterns Antennas Approximation Arrays Artificial neural networks Beam steering Beamforming convolutional networks Convolutional neural networks Criteria Deep learning Machine learning Neural networks Optimization Planar arrays Real time Real-time systems Reconfiguration Sidelobe reduction Sidelobes Stochastic processes Synthesis Training
ISSN:	0018-926X, 1558-2221
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Abstract	A dual-branched convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with hybrid training criteria is proposed for real-time multibeam synthesis in planar uniform antenna arrays. For higher speed in dataset generation, the pattern superposition method is introduced in this article, which significantly improves data generation speed (~0.7 ms per each). With a new hybrid training strategy integrating both "data-driven approximation" and "physics-informed approximation" criteria, flexible training while maintaining model synthesis efficiency is achieved simultaneously. Based on the approaches mentioned above, the proposed dual-branched CNN enables a dynamic multiobjective balance between its two branch outputs, accomplishing amplitude-phase synthesis for antenna array design. In the numerical simulation, consistent sidelobe suppression (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">20\sim 40 </tex-math></inline-formula> dB) is demonstrated for dual-beam steering across <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">10^{\circ }{\sim }20^{\circ } </tex-math></inline-formula> off-axis angles, with high synthesis speeds (~0.05 s per each) on suitable computing platforms. In comparison experiments, the proposed method outperforms typical population-based stochastic optimization algorithms and deep neuron network (DNN) structure in both synthesis efficiency and pattern regularity. The model's real-time capability is verified for beam reconfiguration scenarios requiring subsecond responses, suggesting a new pathway for physics-embedded deep learning in antenna array synthesis.
AbstractList	A dual-branched convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with hybrid training criteria is proposed for real-time multibeam synthesis in planar uniform antenna arrays. For higher speed in dataset generation, the pattern superposition method is introduced in this article, which significantly improves data generation speed (~0.7 ms per each). With a new hybrid training strategy integrating both "data-driven approximation" and "physics-informed approximation" criteria, flexible training while maintaining model synthesis efficiency is achieved simultaneously. Based on the approaches mentioned above, the proposed dual-branched CNN enables a dynamic multiobjective balance between its two branch outputs, accomplishing amplitude-phase synthesis for antenna array design. In the numerical simulation, consistent sidelobe suppression (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">20\sim 40 </tex-math></inline-formula> dB) is demonstrated for dual-beam steering across <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">10^{\circ }{\sim }20^{\circ } </tex-math></inline-formula> off-axis angles, with high synthesis speeds (~0.05 s per each) on suitable computing platforms. In comparison experiments, the proposed method outperforms typical population-based stochastic optimization algorithms and deep neuron network (DNN) structure in both synthesis efficiency and pattern regularity. The model's real-time capability is verified for beam reconfiguration scenarios requiring subsecond responses, suggesting a new pathway for physics-embedded deep learning in antenna array synthesis. A dual-branched convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with hybrid training criteria is proposed for real-time multibeam synthesis in planar uniform antenna arrays. For higher speed in dataset generation, the pattern superposition method is introduced in this article, which significantly improves data generation speed (~0.7 ms per each). With a new hybrid training strategy integrating both “data-driven approximation” and “physics-informed approximation” criteria, flexible training while maintaining model synthesis efficiency is achieved simultaneously. Based on the approaches mentioned above, the proposed dual-branched CNN enables a dynamic multiobjective balance between its two branch outputs, accomplishing amplitude-phase synthesis for antenna array design. In the numerical simulation, consistent sidelobe suppression ([Formula Omitted] dB) is demonstrated for dual-beam steering across [Formula Omitted] off-axis angles, with high synthesis speeds (~0.05 s per each) on suitable computing platforms. In comparison experiments, the proposed method outperforms typical population-based stochastic optimization algorithms and deep neuron network (DNN) structure in both synthesis efficiency and pattern regularity. The model’s real-time capability is verified for beam reconfiguration scenarios requiring subsecond responses, suggesting a new pathway for physics-embedded deep learning in antenna array synthesis.
Author	Liu, Rui Cui, Yansong Zhao, Jiayu Zhang, Naibo Ren, Weizheng Huang, Jianming Guo, Qiuquan Du, Yanjun
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SubjectTerms	Antenna arrays Antenna design Antenna radiation patterns Antennas Approximation Arrays Artificial neural networks Beam steering Beamforming convolutional networks Convolutional neural networks Criteria Deep learning Machine learning Neural networks Optimization Planar arrays Real time Real-time systems Reconfiguration Sidelobe reduction Sidelobes Stochastic processes Synthesis Training
Title	A Planar Array Synthesis Method Based on Deep Learning and Radiation Pattern Superposition Method
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