Generating Natural Language Sentences Explaining Trends and Relationships of Two Time-Series Data

We propose a method for generating natural language explanations that describe trends and relationships between two time-series data. To address this task, it is essential to analyze the dynamic behavior of both time series and generate textual explanations based on the analytical outcomes. We devel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of advanced computational intelligence and intelligent informatics Vol. 29; no. 6; pp. 1427 - 1442
Main Authors: Nakano, Yukako, Kobayashi, Ichiro
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Tokyo Fuji Technology Press Co. Ltd 20.11.2025
Subjects:
Accuracy
Datasets
Natural language
Time series
Trends
ISSN:1343-0130, 1883-8014
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:We propose a method for generating natural language explanations that describe trends and relationships between two time-series data. To address this task, it is essential to analyze the dynamic behavior of both time series and generate textual explanations based on the analytical outcomes. We developed a model that extended the vanilla Transformer architecture to better capture the temporal features relevant to explanation generation. To train the model, we constructed a synthetic, domain-agnostic dataset that simulated time-series patterns and interactions. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach using the synthesized datasets. The first experiment focused on generating explanations for the time-series trends. The results demonstrated that our model could generate accurate and coherent explanations with high accuracy. The second experiment addressed more complex scenarios in which the model was required to answer questions regarding the relationship between two interacting time-series. Although the model initially struggled to achieve high accuracy in this task, we observed that step-by-step training significantly improved its performance. These findings highlight both the potential and current limitations of Transformer-based approaches for interpretable time-series analysis.
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ISSN:1343-0130
1883-8014
DOI:10.20965/jaciii.2025.p1427