Data, Information, Evidence, and Knowledge: A Proposal for Health Informatics and Data Science

In this commentary , I revisit and modify Ackoff’s data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. I suggest to de-emphasize the wisdom part and to insert evidence between information and knowledge (DIEK). This framework defines data as raw symbols, which become information when they are context...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Online journal of public health informatics Vol. 10; no. 3; p. e224
Main Author: Dammann, Olaf
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States University of Illinois at Chicago Library 05.03.2019
Subjects:
Discussion
Evidence
Data
Information
Knowledge
ISSN:1947-2579, 1947-2579
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:In this commentary , I revisit and modify Ackoff’s data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. I suggest to de-emphasize the wisdom part and to insert evidence between information and knowledge (DIEK). This framework defines data as raw symbols, which become information when they are contextualized. Information achieves the status of evidence in comparison to relevant standards. Evidence is used to test hypotheses and is transformed into knowledge by success and consensus. As checkpoints for the transition from evidence to knowledge I suggest relevance, robustness, repeatability, and reproducibility.
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ISSN:1947-2579
1947-2579
DOI:10.5210/ojphi.v10i3.9631