Beyond Simple and Complex Neurons: Towards Intermediate-level Representations of Shapes and Objects

Knowledge of the brain has much advanced since the concept of the neuron doctrine developed by Ramón y Cajal (R Trim Histol Norm Patol 1:33–49, 1888 ). Over the last six decades a wide range of functionalities of neurons in the visual cortex have been identified. These neurons can be hierarchically...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:KI. Künstliche Intelligenz (Oldenbourg) Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 19 - 29
Main Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez, Antonio, Neumann, Heiko, Piater, Justus
Format: Magazine Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2015
Subjects:
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science
Discussion
Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems
Intermediate visual processing
Computer modeling
Boundary grouping
Shape representation
Feedback connections
junctions
ISSN:0933-1875, 1610-1987
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Knowledge of the brain has much advanced since the concept of the neuron doctrine developed by Ramón y Cajal (R Trim Histol Norm Patol 1:33–49, 1888 ). Over the last six decades a wide range of functionalities of neurons in the visual cortex have been identified. These neurons can be hierarchically organized into areas since neurons cluster according to structural properties and related function. The neurons in such areas can be characterized to a first order approximation by their (static) receptive field function, viz their filter characteristic implemented by their connection weights to neighboring cells. This paper aims to provide insights on the steps that computer models in our opinion must pursue in order to develop robust recognition mechanisms that mimic biological processing capabilities beyond the level of cells with classical simple and complex receptive field response properties. We stress the importance of intermediate-level representations to achieve higher-level object abstraction in the context of feature representations, and summarize two current approaches that we consider are advances toward achieving that goal.
AbstractList Knowledge of the brain has much advanced since the concept of the neuron doctrine developed by Ramón y Cajal (R Trim Histol Norm Patol 1:33–49, 1888 ). Over the last six decades a wide range of functionalities of neurons in the visual cortex have been identified. These neurons can be hierarchically organized into areas since neurons cluster according to structural properties and related function. The neurons in such areas can be characterized to a first order approximation by their (static) receptive field function, viz their filter characteristic implemented by their connection weights to neighboring cells. This paper aims to provide insights on the steps that computer models in our opinion must pursue in order to develop robust recognition mechanisms that mimic biological processing capabilities beyond the level of cells with classical simple and complex receptive field response properties. We stress the importance of intermediate-level representations to achieve higher-level object abstraction in the context of feature representations, and summarize two current approaches that we consider are advances toward achieving that goal.
Author Rodríguez-Sánchez, Antonio
Neumann, Heiko
Piater, Justus
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Antonio
  surname: Rodríguez-Sánchez
  fullname: Rodríguez-Sánchez, Antonio
  email: antonio.rodriguez-sanchez@uibk.ac.at
  organization: Institute of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Heiko
  surname: Neumann
  fullname: Neumann, Heiko
  organization: Institute of Neural Information Processing, Ulm University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Justus
  surname: Piater
  fullname: Piater, Justus
  organization: Institute of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck
BookMark eNp9kMtOwzAQRS0EEqX0A9j5Bwwzdtok7KDiUamiEi1ry3HGkCp1IjsF-vcklDWruYt7rkbngp36xhNjVwjXCJDeRFQSMwGYCFAJCjhhI5whCMyz9JSNIFdKYJZOz9kkxi0ASJkjShwxe0-Hxpd8Xe3amrjp47wZ4jd_oX1ofLzlm-bLhDLyhe8o7KisTEeipk-q-Su1gSL5znRV3-WN4-sP01L8XVoVW7JdvGRnztSRJn93zN4eHzbzZ7FcPS3md0thZQKdcBKmYAw4k5kkKbNC5XKK0uYzq_JSGTDZzBY2VU46V4C0sshLg6lLkjTNAdSY4XHXhibGQE63odqZcNAIehClj6J0L0oPovTAyCMT-65_p6C3zT74_s1_oB9IEm3O
Cites_doi 10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112939
10.1007/s004220050573
10.1016/0004-3702(95)00025-9
10.1007/s00422-012-0486-6
10.1038/4580
10.1007/s00422-008-0211-7
10.1068/p3173
10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.008
10.1038/nrc3398
10.1016/S0166-2236(96)01002-8
10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.003045
10.1016/0042-6989(96)00062-4
10.1016/0010-0285(91)90009-D
10.1016/0896-6273(93)90304-A
10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541
10.1073/pnas.192579399
10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131052
10.1016/0022-5193(70)90143-8
10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527
10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.000545
10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.002
10.1007/s11263-007-0118-0
10.1038/14819
10.1093/cercor/5.1.1
10.1126/science.6539501
10.1007/BF00344251
10.1073/pnas.1317019110
10.1073/pnas.59.2.368
10.1109/TPAMI.2007.56
10.1152/jn.01083.2012
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4364-03.2004
10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.044
10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.038
10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00054-8
10.1038/nn0901-937
10.1152/jn.00203.2007
10.1109/34.31445
10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.028
10.1017/S0140525X98591753
10.1068/p190497
10.1109/TPAMI.2012.106
10.1371/journal.pone.0042058
10.1038/329438a0
10.1038/nn0901-857
10.1152/jn.01265.2006
10.1098/rspb.1987.0044
10.1038/nrn3476
10.1016/j.plrev.2007.09.001
10.1162/neco.1997.9.4.837
10.1038/972
10.1016/j.neunet.2004.04.002
10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455
10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.001.0001
10.1016/j.conb.2007.03.002
10.1371/journal.pone.0005909
10.1162/089976604772744866
10.1093/cercor/bhl029
10.1073/pnas.95.12.7121
10.1162/08989290260045756
10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.170
10.1152/jn.1978.41.5.1071
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-06-02112.1997
10.1016/S0166-4115(01)80032-7
10.1162/NECO_a_00675
10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995671
10.1152/jn.1989.62.6.1287
10.1152/jn.1965.28.2.229
10.3389/fncom.2014.00093
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-17-06594.2000
10.1109/ICCV.2009.5459469
10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2490
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00470.2000
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-22-07376.1996
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08621.1997
10.1152/physrev.1995.75.1.107
ContentType Magazine Article
Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Copyright_xml – notice: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1007/s13218-014-0341-0
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Computer Science
EISSN 1610-1987
EndPage 29
ExternalDocumentID 10_1007_s13218_014_0341_0
GroupedDBID -EM
06D
0R~
0VY
1N0
203
2KG
2VQ
30V
406
408
40D
96X
AAAVM
AACDK
AAHNG
AAIAL
AAJBT
AAJKR
AANZL
AASML
AATNV
AATVU
AAUYE
AAYIU
AAYQN
AAYTO
AAYZH
AAZMS
ABAKF
ABDZT
ABECU
ABFTV
ABHLI
ABJNI
ABJOX
ABKCH
ABMQK
ABQBU
ABSXP
ABTEG
ABTHY
ABTKH
ABTMW
ABULA
ABXPI
ACAOD
ACBXY
ACDTI
ACGFS
ACHSB
ACKNC
ACMDZ
ACMLO
ACOKC
ACPIV
ACZOJ
ADHHG
ADHIR
ADINQ
ADKNI
ADKPE
ADTPH
ADURQ
ADYFF
ADZKW
AEBTG
AEFQL
AEGNC
AEJHL
AEJRE
AEKMD
AEMSY
AEOHA
AEPYU
AESKC
AETCA
AEVLU
AEXYK
AFLOW
AFQWF
AFWTZ
AFZKB
AGDGC
AGJBK
AGMZJ
AGQEE
AGQMX
AGRTI
AGWZB
AGYKE
AHAVH
AHSBF
AHYZX
AIAKS
AIGIU
AIIXL
AILAN
AITGF
AJBLW
AJRNO
AJZVZ
ALFXC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMKLP
AMXSW
AMYLF
AMYQR
ANMIH
AOCGG
AXYYD
AYJHY
BGNMA
CAG
COF
CSCUP
DDRTE
DNIVK
DPUIP
EBLON
EBS
EIOEI
EJD
ESBYG
FERAY
FIGPU
FINBP
FNLPD
FRRFC
FSGXE
FYJPI
GGCAI
GGRSB
GJIRD
GQ6
GQ7
H13
HF~
HMJXF
HZ~
I0C
IKXTQ
IWAJR
IXD
J-C
J0Z
JBSCW
JZLTJ
KOV
LLZTM
M4Y
N9A
NPVJJ
NQJWS
NU0
O9-
O93
O9J
P9O
PT4
R9I
RLLFE
ROL
RSV
S1Z
S27
SCO
SHX
SISQX
SJYHP
SNE
SNPRN
SNX
SOHCF
SOJ
SPISZ
SRMVM
SSLCW
STPWE
T13
TSG
U2A
UG4
UOJIU
UTJUX
UZXMN
VC2
VFIZW
W48
WK8
Z45
Z7R
Z7V
Z7X
Z81
Z83
Z88
ZMTXR
AAPKM
AAYXX
ABBRH
ABDBE
ABRTQ
AFDZB
AFOHR
AHPBZ
ATHPR
AYFIA
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c240t-f2050aa0fa8a44d8b392512c96c39d3a0a86cbc73f2ffb02c2b9da17f44779003
IEDL.DBID RSV
ISICitedReferencesCount 1
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000410147500004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0933-1875
IngestDate Sat Nov 29 04:49:30 EST 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:26:19 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly false
Issue 1
Keywords Intermediate visual processing
Computer modeling
Boundary grouping
Shape representation
Feedback connections
junctions
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c240t-f2050aa0fa8a44d8b392512c96c39d3a0a86cbc73f2ffb02c2b9da17f44779003
PageCount 11
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1007_s13218_014_0341_0
springer_journals_10_1007_s13218_014_0341_0
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20150200
2015-2-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2015-02-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 2
  year: 2015
  text: 20150200
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Berlin/Heidelberg
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Berlin/Heidelberg
PublicationSubtitle German Journal on Artificial Intelligence - Organ des Fachbereichs "Künstliche Intelligenz" der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V
PublicationTitle KI. Künstliche Intelligenz (Oldenbourg)
PublicationTitleAbbrev Künstl Intell
PublicationYear 2015
Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher_xml – name: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
References Ito, Komatsu (CR33) 2004; 24
Sherman, Guillery (CR68) 1998; 95
Carandini, Heeger, Movshon (CR14) 1997; 17
Ben-Shahar, Zucker (CR5) 2004; 16
CR37
Hawken, Parker (CR28) 1987; 231
Markov, Kennedy (CR41) 2013; 23
CR35
Desimone, Duncan (CR18) 1995; 18
CR34
Thielscher, Neumann (CR71) 2008; 98
Bosking, Zhang, Schofield, Fitzpatrick (CR7) 1997; 17
Mutch, Lowe (CR44) 2008; 80
Rao, Ballard (CR56) 1999; 2
CR72
Craft, Schütze, Niebur, von der Heydt (CR16) 2007; 97
Pasupathy, Connor (CR51) 2002; 5
Baylis, Driver (CR4) 2001; 4
Qiu, von Der Heydt (CR54) 2005; 47
Edelman (CR20) 1993; 10
Carandini, Heeger (CR13) 2012; 13
CR9
Williams, Jacobs (CR77) 1997; 9
CR46
Azzopardi, Petkov (CR2) 2013; 35
Girard, Bullier (CR23) 1989; 62
CR42
Pessoa, Thompson, Noë (CR52) 1998; 21
Parent, Zucker (CR49) 1989; 11
Roelfsema, Lamme, Spekreijse, Bosch (CR63) 2002; 14
von der Malsburg, Phillips, Singer (CR40) 2010
Piëch, Li, Reeke, Gilbert (CR53) 2013; 110
Ramón y Cajal (CR55) 1888; 1
von der Heydt, Peterhans, Baumgartner (CR29) 1984; 224
Grossberg, Mingolla, Ross (CR26) 1997; 20
Neumann, Sepp (CR47) 1999; 81
Wallis, Rolls (CR75) 1997; 51
Dobbins, Zucker, Cynader (CR19) 1987; 329
Rodríguez-Sánchez, Tsotsos (CR61) 2012; 7
Bastos, Usrey, Adams, Mangun, Fries, Friston (CR3) 2012; 76
Carandini, Ferster (CR12) 2000; 20
Tanaka, Saito, Fukada, Moriya (CR70) 1991; 66
Neumann, Yazdanbakhsh, Mingolla (CR48) 2007; 4
Murray, Kersten, Olshausen, Schrater, Woods (CR43) 2002; 99
Lecun, Boser, Denker, Henderson, Howard, Hubbard, Jackel (CR38) 1989; 1
Grossberg (CR24) 1968; 2
Hubel, Wiesel (CR32) 1968; 195
Serre, Wolf, Bileschi, Riesenhuber (CR67) 2007; 29
Kellman, Shipley (CR36) 1991; 23
Salin, Bullier (CR66) 1995; 75
Zipser, Lamme, Schiller (CR79) 1996; 16
Reynolds, Heeger (CR57) 2009; 61
Gilbert, Li (CR22) 2013; 14
Cadieu, Kouth, Pasupathy, Connor, Riesenhuber, Poggio (CR10) 2007; 98
Caplovitz, Tse (CR11) 2007; 17
Azzopardi, Petkov (CR1) 2012; 106
Hinton, Osindero, Teh (CR30) 2006; 18
Hubel, Wiesel (CR31) 1965; 28
Tanaka (CR69) 1996; 19
Grossberg (CR25) 1970; 2
Weidenbacher, Neumann (CR76) 2009; 4
Ullman (CR74) 1995; 5
Riesenhuber, Poggio (CR58) 1999; 2
Hansen, Neumann (CR27) 2004; 17
Connor, Brincatt, Pasupathy (CR15) 2007; 17
Rubin (CR64) 2001; 4
Fukushima (CR21) 1980; 36
Ringach, Shapley (CR59) 1996; 36
Tsotsos, Culhane, Winky, Lai, Davis, Nuflo (CR73) 1995; 78
Logothetis, Sheinberg (CR39) 1996; 19
Pasupathy, Connor (CR50) 1999; 82
CR60
Nakayama, Shimojo, Ftamachandran (CR45) 1990; 19
Zhou, Friedman, von der Heydt (CR78) 2000; 20
Born, Bradley (CR6) 2005; 28
De Pasquale, Sherman (CR17) 2013; 109
Roelfsema (CR62) 2006; 29
Rubin (CR65) 2001; 30
Boynton, Hegde (CR8) 2004; 14
PJ Kellman (341_CR36) 1991; 23
FT Qiu (341_CR54) 2005; 47
GP Caplovitz (341_CR11) 2007; 17
K Tanaka (341_CR69) 1996; 19
WH Bosking (341_CR7) 1997; 17
G Baylis (341_CR4) 2001; 4
CD Gilbert (341_CR22) 2013; 14
SO Murray (341_CR43) 2002; 99
NT Markov (341_CR41) 2013; 23
S Grossberg (341_CR26) 1997; 20
341_CR42
M Ito (341_CR33) 2004; 24
K Zipser (341_CR79) 1996; 16
D Hubel (341_CR32) 1968; 195
V Piëch (341_CR53) 2013; 110
AM Bastos (341_CR3) 2012; 76
P Parent (341_CR49) 1989; 11
M Hawken (341_CR28) 1987; 231
341_CR37
341_CR35
PR Roelfsema (341_CR62) 2006; 29
S Grossberg (341_CR24) 1968; 2
T Serre (341_CR67) 2007; 29
C Connor (341_CR15) 2007; 17
PR Roelfsema (341_CR63) 2002; 14
GM Edelman (341_CR20) 1993; 10
341_CR9
S Ullman (341_CR74) 1995; 5
E Craft (341_CR16) 2007; 97
N Rubin (341_CR65) 2001; 30
J Mutch (341_CR44) 2008; 80
L Pessoa (341_CR52) 1998; 21
H Neumann (341_CR47) 1999; 81
N Rubin (341_CR64) 2001; 4
C Malsburg von der (341_CR40) 2010
A Rodríguez-Sánchez (341_CR61) 2012; 7
LR Williams (341_CR77) 1997; 9
341_CR46
SM Sherman (341_CR68) 1998; 95
C Cadieu (341_CR10) 2007; 98
H Zhou (341_CR78) 2000; 20
D Hubel (341_CR31) 1965; 28
Y Lecun (341_CR38) 1989; 1
A Thielscher (341_CR71) 2008; 98
M Carandini (341_CR14) 1997; 17
P Girard (341_CR23) 1989; 62
A Dobbins (341_CR19) 1987; 329
T Hansen (341_CR27) 2004; 17
M Riesenhuber (341_CR58) 1999; 2
O Ben-Shahar (341_CR5) 2004; 16
U Weidenbacher (341_CR76) 2009; 4
JH Reynolds (341_CR57) 2009; 61
RT Born (341_CR6) 2005; 28
G Wallis (341_CR75) 1997; 51
R Rao (341_CR56) 1999; 2
M Carandini (341_CR12) 2000; 20
R Desimone (341_CR18) 1995; 18
H Neumann (341_CR48) 2007; 4
J Tsotsos (341_CR73) 1995; 78
341_CR60
R Pasquale De (341_CR17) 2013; 109
K Fukushima (341_CR21) 1980; 36
K Nakayama (341_CR45) 1990; 19
G Boynton (341_CR8) 2004; 14
S Grossberg (341_CR25) 1970; 2
PA Salin (341_CR66) 1995; 75
G Azzopardi (341_CR1) 2012; 106
M Carandini (341_CR13) 2012; 13
A Pasupathy (341_CR51) 2002; 5
341_CR34
A Pasupathy (341_CR50) 1999; 82
G Hinton (341_CR30) 2006; 18
341_CR72
N Logothetis (341_CR39) 1996; 19
R Heydt von der (341_CR29) 1984; 224
DL Ringach (341_CR59) 1996; 36
K Tanaka (341_CR70) 1991; 66
G Azzopardi (341_CR2) 2013; 35
S Ramón y Cajal (341_CR55) 1888; 1
References_xml – volume: 29
  start-page: 203
  year: 2006
  end-page: 227
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Cortical algorithms for perceptual grouping
  publication-title: Ann Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112939
– volume: 81
  start-page: 425
  issue: 5–6
  year: 1999
  end-page: 444
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Recurrent V1–V2 interaction in early visual boundary processing
  publication-title: Biol Cybernet
  doi: 10.1007/s004220050573
– volume: 78
  start-page: 507
  issue: 1–2
  year: 1995
  end-page: 545
  ident: CR73
  article-title: Modeling visual attention via selective tuning
  publication-title: Artif Intel
  doi: 10.1016/0004-3702(95)00025-9
– volume: 106
  start-page: 177
  issue: 3
  year: 2012
  end-page: 189
  ident: CR1
  article-title: A corf computational model of a simple cell that relies on lgn input outperforms the gabor function model
  publication-title: Biol Cybernet
  doi: 10.1007/s00422-012-0486-6
– volume: 17
  start-page: 8621
  issue: 21
  year: 1997
  end-page: 8644
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Linearity and normalization in simple cells of the macaque primary visual cortex
  publication-title: J Neurosci
– volume: 2
  start-page: 79
  issue: 1
  year: 1999
  end-page: 87
  ident: CR56
  article-title: Predictive coding in the visual cortex: a functional interpretation of some extra-classical receptive-field effects
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/4580
– volume: 98
  start-page: 305
  issue: 4
  year: 2008
  end-page: 337
  ident: CR71
  article-title: Globally consistent depth sorting of overlapping 2d surfaces in a model using local recurrent interactions
  publication-title: Biol Cybernet
  doi: 10.1007/s00422-008-0211-7
– volume: 30
  start-page: 339
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  end-page: 366
  ident: CR65
  article-title: The role of junctions in surface completion and contour matching
  publication-title: Perception
  doi: 10.1068/p3173
– ident: CR35
– volume: 23
  start-page: 187
  issue: 2
  year: 2013
  end-page: 194
  ident: CR41
  article-title: The importance of being hierarchical
  publication-title: Curr Opin Neurobiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.008
– volume: 13
  start-page: 51
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  end-page: 62
  ident: CR13
  article-title: Normalization as a canonical neural computation
  publication-title: Nat R Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/nrc3398
– volume: 20
  start-page: 106
  issue: 3
  year: 1997
  end-page: 111
  ident: CR26
  article-title: Visual brain and visual perception: how does the cortex do perceptual grouping?
  publication-title: Trends Neurosci
  doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)01002-8
– volume: 19
  start-page: 577
  year: 1996
  end-page: 621
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Visual object recognition
  publication-title: Ann Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.003045
– volume: 36
  start-page: 3037
  issue: 19
  year: 1996
  end-page: 3050
  ident: CR59
  article-title: Spatial and temporal properties of illusory contours and amodal boundary completion
  publication-title: Vis Res
  doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(96)00062-4
– volume: 23
  start-page: 141
  issue: 2
  year: 1991
  end-page: 221
  ident: CR36
  article-title: A theory of visual interpolation in object perception
  publication-title: Cognit Psychol
  doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(91)90009-D
– volume: 10
  start-page: 115
  issue: 2
  year: 1993
  end-page: 125
  ident: CR20
  article-title: Neural darwinism: selection and reentrant signaling in higher brain function
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90304-A
– ident: CR42
– volume: 1
  start-page: 541
  issue: 4
  year: 1989
  end-page: 551
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Backpropagation applied to handwritten zip code recognition
  publication-title: Neural Comput
  doi: 10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541
– volume: 99
  start-page: 15164
  issue: 23
  year: 2002
  end-page: 15169
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Shape perception reduces activity in human primary visual cortex
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.192579399
– volume: 28
  start-page: 157
  year: 2005
  end-page: 189
  ident: CR6
  article-title: Structure and function of visual area MT
  publication-title: Annu Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131052
– volume: 2
  start-page: 291
  issue: 27
  year: 1970
  end-page: 337
  ident: CR25
  article-title: Neural pattern discrimination
  publication-title: J Theoret Biol
  doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(70)90143-8
– volume: 18
  start-page: 193
  year: 1995
  end-page: 222
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention
  publication-title: Ann Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1527
  issue: 7
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1554
  ident: CR30
  article-title: A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
  publication-title: Neural Comput
  doi: 10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527
– ident: CR46
– volume: 19
  start-page: 109
  year: 1996
  end-page: 139
  ident: CR69
  article-title: Inferotemporal cortex and object vision
  publication-title: Ann Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.000545
– volume: 61
  start-page: 168
  issue: 2
  year: 2009
  end-page: 185
  ident: CR57
  article-title: The normalization model of attention
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.002
– volume: 80
  start-page: 45
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  end-page: 57
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Object class recognition and localization using sparse features with limited receptive fields
  publication-title: Int J Comput Vis
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-007-0118-0
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1019
  issue: 11
  year: 1999
  end-page: 1025
  ident: CR58
  article-title: Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/14819
– ident: CR9
– volume: 28
  start-page: 229
  year: 1965
  end-page: 289
  ident: CR31
  article-title: Receptive fields and functional architecture in two nonstriate visual areas (18 and 19) of the cat
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 1995
  end-page: 11
  ident: CR74
  article-title: Sequence seeking and counter streams: a computational model for bidirectional information flow in the visual cortex
  publication-title: Cereb Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/5.1.1
– volume: 224
  start-page: 1260
  issue: 4654
  year: 1984
  end-page: 1262
  ident: CR29
  article-title: Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.6539501
– volume: 36
  start-page: 193
  issue: 4
  year: 1980
  end-page: 202
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Neocognitron: a self organizing neural network model for a mechanism of pattern recognition unaffected by shift in position
  publication-title: Biol Cybernet
  doi: 10.1007/BF00344251
– ident: CR60
– volume: 66
  start-page: 170
  issue: 1
  year: 1991
  end-page: 189
  ident: CR70
  article-title: Coding visual images of objects in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
– volume: 110
  start-page: 4108
  issue: 43
  year: 2013
  end-page: 4117
  ident: CR53
  article-title: Network model of top-down influences on local gain and contextual interactions in visual cortex
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1317019110
– volume: 2
  start-page: 368
  issue: 59
  year: 1968
  end-page: 372
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Some nonlinear networks capable of learning a spatial pattern of arbitrary complexity
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.2.368
– volume: 29
  start-page: 411
  issue: 3
  year: 2007
  end-page: 426
  ident: CR67
  article-title: Robust object recognition with cortex-like mechanisms
  publication-title: IEEE T Pattern Anal Mach Intel
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2007.56
– volume: 109
  start-page: 2618
  year: 2013
  end-page: 2631
  ident: CR17
  article-title: A modulatory effect of the feedback from higher visual
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.01083.2012
– volume: 24
  start-page: 3313
  issue: 13
  year: 2004
  end-page: 3324
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Representation of angles embedded within contour stimuli in area V2 of macaque monkeys
  publication-title: J Neurosc
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4364-03.2004
– volume: 14
  start-page: 523
  issue: 13
  year: 2004
  end-page: 524
  ident: CR8
  article-title: Visual cortex: the continuing puzzle of area V2
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.044
– volume: 76
  start-page: 695
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  end-page: 711
  ident: CR3
  article-title: Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.038
– ident: CR72
– volume: 51
  start-page: 167
  issue: 2
  year: 1997
  end-page: 194
  ident: CR75
  article-title: Invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
  publication-title: Prog Neurobiol
  doi: 10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00054-8
– volume: 4
  start-page: 937
  issue: 9
  year: 2001
  end-page: 942
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Shape-coding in IT cells generalizes over contrast and mirror reversal, but not figure-ground reversal
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/nn0901-937
– volume: 97
  start-page: 4310
  issue: 6
  year: 2007
  end-page: 4326
  ident: CR16
  article-title: A neural model of figure-ground organization
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00203.2007
– ident: CR37
– volume: 17
  start-page: 2112
  issue: 6
  year: 1997
  end-page: 2127
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Orientation selectivity and the arrangement of horizontal connections in tree shrew striate cortex
  publication-title: J Neurosci
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1287
  issue: 6
  year: 1989
  end-page: 302
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Visual activity in area v2 during reversible inactivation of area 17 in the macaque monkey
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
– volume: 16
  start-page: 7376
  issue: 22
  year: 1996
  end-page: 7389
  ident: CR79
  article-title: Contextual modulation in primary visual cortex
  publication-title: J Neurosci
– volume: 11
  start-page: 823
  issue: 8
  year: 1989
  end-page: 839
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Trace inference, curvature consistency, and curve detection
  publication-title: IEEE Pattern Anal Mach Intell
  doi: 10.1109/34.31445
– volume: 47
  start-page: 155
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  end-page: 166
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Figure and ground in the visual cortex: V2 combines stereoscopic cues with gestalt rules
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.028
– volume: 20
  start-page: 470
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  end-page: 484
  ident: CR12
  article-title: Membrane potential and firing rate in cat primary visual cortex
  publication-title: J Neurosci
– volume: 21
  start-page: 781
  issue: 06
  year: 1998
  end-page: 796
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Filling-in is for finding out
  publication-title: Behav Brain Sci
  doi: 10.1017/S0140525X98591753
– volume: 19
  start-page: 497
  issue: 4
  year: 1990
  end-page: 513
  ident: CR45
  article-title: Transparency: relation to depth, subjective contours, luminance, and neon color spreading
  publication-title: Perception
  doi: 10.1068/p190497
– volume: 75
  start-page: 107
  issue: 1
  year: 1995
  end-page: 154
  ident: CR66
  article-title: Corticocortical connections in the visual-system- structure and function
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
– volume: 35
  start-page: 490
  issue: 2
  year: 2013
  end-page: 503
  ident: CR2
  article-title: Trainable cosfire filters for keypoint detection and pattern recognition
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Pattern Analy Mach Intell
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2012.106
– volume: 1
  start-page: 33
  year: 1888
  end-page: 49
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Sobre las fibras nerviosas de la capa molecular del cerebelo
  publication-title: R Trim Histol Norm Patol
– volume: 7
  start-page: 1
  issue: 8
  year: 2012
  end-page: 13
  ident: CR61
  article-title: The roles of endstopped and curvature tuned computations in a hierarchical representation of 2D shape
  publication-title: PLOS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042058
– volume: 329
  start-page: 438
  issue: 6138
  year: 1987
  end-page: 441
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Endstopped neurons in the visual cortex as a substrate for calculating curvature
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/329438a0
– volume: 4
  start-page: 857
  issue: 9
  year: 2001
  end-page: 858
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Figure and ground in the brain
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/nn0901-857
– volume: 98
  start-page: 1733
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1750
  ident: CR10
  article-title: A model of V4 shape selectivity and invariance
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.01265.2006
– volume: 231
  start-page: 251
  year: 1987
  end-page: 288
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Spatial properties of neurons in the monkey striate cortex
  publication-title: Proc R Soc Lon Ser B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1987.0044
– volume: 82
  start-page: 2490
  issue: 5
  year: 1999
  end-page: 2502
  ident: CR50
  article-title: Responses to contour features in macaque area V4
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
– volume: 14
  start-page: 350
  issue: 5
  year: 2013
  end-page: 363
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Top-down influences on visual processing
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/nrn3476
– volume: 20
  start-page: 6594
  year: 2000
  end-page: 6611
  ident: CR78
  article-title: Coding of border ownership in monkey visual cortex
  publication-title: J Neurosci
– volume: 4
  start-page: 189
  issue: 3
  year: 2007
  end-page: 222
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Seeing surfaces: the brain’s vision of the world
  publication-title: Phys Life Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2007.09.001
– volume: 9
  start-page: 837
  issue: 4
  year: 1997
  end-page: 858
  ident: CR77
  article-title: Stochastic completion fields, a neural model of illusory contour shape and salience
  publication-title: Neural Computat
  doi: 10.1162/neco.1997.9.4.837
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1332
  issue: 12
  year: 2002
  end-page: 1338
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Population coding of shape in area V4
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/972
– volume: 17
  start-page: 647
  issue: 5
  year: 2004
  end-page: 662
  ident: CR27
  article-title: A simple cell model with dominating opponent inhibition for robust image processing
  publication-title: Neural Netw
  doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2004.04.002
– volume: 195
  start-page: 215
  issue: 1
  year: 1968
  end-page: 243
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455
– year: 2010
  ident: CR40
  publication-title: Dynamic coordination in the brain: from neurons to mind
  doi: 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.001.0001
– volume: 17
  start-page: 140
  issue: 2
  year: 2007
  end-page: 147
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Transformation of shape information in the ventral pathway
  publication-title: Curr Opin Neurobiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2007.03.002
– ident: CR34
– volume: 4
  start-page: e5909
  issue: 6
  year: 2009
  ident: CR76
  article-title: Extraction of surface-related features in a recurrent model of V1–V2 interactions
  publication-title: PLOS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005909
– volume: 16
  start-page: 445
  issue: 3
  year: 2004
  end-page: 476
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Geometrical computations explain projection patterns of long-range horizontal connections in visual cortex
  publication-title: Neural Comput
  doi: 10.1162/089976604772744866
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1179
  issue: 5
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1189
  ident: CR11
  article-title: V3a processes contour curvature as a trackable feature for the perception of rotational motion
  publication-title: Cereb Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhl029
– volume: 95
  start-page: 7121
  issue: 12
  year: 1998
  end-page: 7126
  ident: CR68
  article-title: On the actions that one nerve cell can have on another: distinguishing drivers from modulators
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.12.7121
– volume: 14
  start-page: 525
  issue: 4
  year: 2002
  end-page: 537
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Figureground segregation in a recurrent network architecture
  publication-title: J Cogn Neurosci
  doi: 10.1162/08989290260045756
– ident: 341_CR42
– volume: 66
  start-page: 170
  issue: 1
  year: 1991
  ident: 341_CR70
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.170
– volume: 109
  start-page: 2618
  year: 2013
  ident: 341_CR17
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.01083.2012
– volume: 23
  start-page: 187
  issue: 2
  year: 2013
  ident: 341_CR41
  publication-title: Curr Opin Neurobiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.008
– ident: 341_CR35
  doi: 10.1152/jn.1978.41.5.1071
– volume: 16
  start-page: 445
  issue: 3
  year: 2004
  ident: 341_CR5
  publication-title: Neural Comput
  doi: 10.1162/089976604772744866
– volume: 20
  start-page: 106
  issue: 3
  year: 1997
  ident: 341_CR26
  publication-title: Trends Neurosci
  doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)01002-8
– volume: 4
  start-page: e5909
  issue: 6
  year: 2009
  ident: 341_CR76
  publication-title: PLOS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005909
– volume: 9
  start-page: 837
  issue: 4
  year: 1997
  ident: 341_CR77
  publication-title: Neural Computat
  doi: 10.1162/neco.1997.9.4.837
– volume: 17
  start-page: 2112
  issue: 6
  year: 1997
  ident: 341_CR7
  publication-title: J Neurosci
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-06-02112.1997
– ident: 341_CR46
  doi: 10.1016/S0166-4115(01)80032-7
– ident: 341_CR9
  doi: 10.1162/NECO_a_00675
– ident: 341_CR60
  doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995671
– volume: 98
  start-page: 1733
  year: 2007
  ident: 341_CR10
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.01265.2006
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1287
  issue: 6
  year: 1989
  ident: 341_CR23
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.1989.62.6.1287
– volume: 110
  start-page: 4108
  issue: 43
  year: 2013
  ident: 341_CR53
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1317019110
– volume: 1
  start-page: 33
  year: 1888
  ident: 341_CR55
  publication-title: R Trim Histol Norm Patol
– volume: 2
  start-page: 291
  issue: 27
  year: 1970
  ident: 341_CR25
  publication-title: J Theoret Biol
  doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(70)90143-8
– volume: 19
  start-page: 577
  year: 1996
  ident: 341_CR39
  publication-title: Ann Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.003045
– volume: 18
  start-page: 193
  year: 1995
  ident: 341_CR18
  publication-title: Ann Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
– volume: 80
  start-page: 45
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  ident: 341_CR44
  publication-title: Int J Comput Vis
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-007-0118-0
– volume: 98
  start-page: 305
  issue: 4
  year: 2008
  ident: 341_CR71
  publication-title: Biol Cybernet
  doi: 10.1007/s00422-008-0211-7
– volume: 14
  start-page: 350
  issue: 5
  year: 2013
  ident: 341_CR22
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/nrn3476
– volume: 28
  start-page: 229
  year: 1965
  ident: 341_CR31
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.1965.28.2.229
– volume: 29
  start-page: 411
  issue: 3
  year: 2007
  ident: 341_CR67
  publication-title: IEEE T Pattern Anal Mach Intel
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2007.56
– volume: 76
  start-page: 695
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  ident: 341_CR3
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.038
– ident: 341_CR72
  doi: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00093
– volume: 4
  start-page: 189
  issue: 3
  year: 2007
  ident: 341_CR48
  publication-title: Phys Life Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2007.09.001
– volume: 24
  start-page: 3313
  issue: 13
  year: 2004
  ident: 341_CR33
  publication-title: J Neurosc
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4364-03.2004
– volume: 95
  start-page: 7121
  issue: 12
  year: 1998
  ident: 341_CR68
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.12.7121
– volume: 99
  start-page: 15164
  issue: 23
  year: 2002
  ident: 341_CR43
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.192579399
– volume: 231
  start-page: 251
  year: 1987
  ident: 341_CR28
  publication-title: Proc R Soc Lon Ser B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1987.0044
– volume: 2
  start-page: 79
  issue: 1
  year: 1999
  ident: 341_CR56
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/4580
– volume: 36
  start-page: 193
  issue: 4
  year: 1980
  ident: 341_CR21
  publication-title: Biol Cybernet
  doi: 10.1007/BF00344251
– volume: 329
  start-page: 438
  issue: 6138
  year: 1987
  ident: 341_CR19
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/329438a0
– volume: 195
  start-page: 215
  issue: 1
  year: 1968
  ident: 341_CR32
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455
– volume: 21
  start-page: 781
  issue: 06
  year: 1998
  ident: 341_CR52
  publication-title: Behav Brain Sci
  doi: 10.1017/S0140525X98591753
– volume: 13
  start-page: 51
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 341_CR13
  publication-title: Nat R Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/nrc3398
– volume: 20
  start-page: 6594
  year: 2000
  ident: 341_CR78
  publication-title: J Neurosci
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-17-06594.2000
– volume: 17
  start-page: 140
  issue: 2
  year: 2007
  ident: 341_CR15
  publication-title: Curr Opin Neurobiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2007.03.002
– volume: 47
  start-page: 155
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 341_CR54
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.028
– volume: 61
  start-page: 168
  issue: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: 341_CR57
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.002
– volume: 106
  start-page: 177
  issue: 3
  year: 2012
  ident: 341_CR1
  publication-title: Biol Cybernet
  doi: 10.1007/s00422-012-0486-6
– volume: 14
  start-page: 523
  issue: 13
  year: 2004
  ident: 341_CR8
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.044
– volume: 28
  start-page: 157
  year: 2005
  ident: 341_CR6
  publication-title: Annu Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131052
– volume: 35
  start-page: 490
  issue: 2
  year: 2013
  ident: 341_CR2
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Pattern Analy Mach Intell
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2012.106
– ident: 341_CR34
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2009.5459469
– volume: 23
  start-page: 141
  issue: 2
  year: 1991
  ident: 341_CR36
  publication-title: Cognit Psychol
  doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(91)90009-D
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1179
  issue: 5
  year: 2007
  ident: 341_CR11
  publication-title: Cereb Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhl029
– volume: 2
  start-page: 368
  issue: 59
  year: 1968
  ident: 341_CR24
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.2.368
– volume: 81
  start-page: 425
  issue: 5–6
  year: 1999
  ident: 341_CR47
  publication-title: Biol Cybernet
  doi: 10.1007/s004220050573
– volume: 29
  start-page: 203
  year: 2006
  ident: 341_CR62
  publication-title: Ann Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112939
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 1995
  ident: 341_CR74
  publication-title: Cereb Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/5.1.1
– volume: 4
  start-page: 937
  issue: 9
  year: 2001
  ident: 341_CR4
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/nn0901-937
– volume: 4
  start-page: 857
  issue: 9
  year: 2001
  ident: 341_CR64
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/nn0901-857
– volume: 10
  start-page: 115
  issue: 2
  year: 1993
  ident: 341_CR20
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90304-A
– volume: 36
  start-page: 3037
  issue: 19
  year: 1996
  ident: 341_CR59
  publication-title: Vis Res
  doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(96)00062-4
– volume: 17
  start-page: 647
  issue: 5
  year: 2004
  ident: 341_CR27
  publication-title: Neural Netw
  doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2004.04.002
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1019
  issue: 11
  year: 1999
  ident: 341_CR58
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/14819
– volume: 7
  start-page: 1
  issue: 8
  year: 2012
  ident: 341_CR61
  publication-title: PLOS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042058
– volume: 14
  start-page: 525
  issue: 4
  year: 2002
  ident: 341_CR63
  publication-title: J Cogn Neurosci
  doi: 10.1162/08989290260045756
– volume-title: Dynamic coordination in the brain: from neurons to mind
  year: 2010
  ident: 341_CR40
  doi: 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014717.001.0001
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1332
  issue: 12
  year: 2002
  ident: 341_CR51
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci
  doi: 10.1038/972
– volume: 224
  start-page: 1260
  issue: 4654
  year: 1984
  ident: 341_CR29
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.6539501
– volume: 97
  start-page: 4310
  issue: 6
  year: 2007
  ident: 341_CR16
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00203.2007
– volume: 19
  start-page: 497
  issue: 4
  year: 1990
  ident: 341_CR45
  publication-title: Perception
  doi: 10.1068/p190497
– volume: 1
  start-page: 541
  issue: 4
  year: 1989
  ident: 341_CR38
  publication-title: Neural Comput
  doi: 10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541
– volume: 82
  start-page: 2490
  issue: 5
  year: 1999
  ident: 341_CR50
  publication-title: J Neurophysiol
  doi: 10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2490
– ident: 341_CR37
– volume: 20
  start-page: 470
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  ident: 341_CR12
  publication-title: J Neurosci
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00470.2000
– volume: 16
  start-page: 7376
  issue: 22
  year: 1996
  ident: 341_CR79
  publication-title: J Neurosci
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-22-07376.1996
– volume: 17
  start-page: 8621
  issue: 21
  year: 1997
  ident: 341_CR14
  publication-title: J Neurosci
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08621.1997
– volume: 11
  start-page: 823
  issue: 8
  year: 1989
  ident: 341_CR49
  publication-title: IEEE Pattern Anal Mach Intell
  doi: 10.1109/34.31445
– volume: 30
  start-page: 339
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 341_CR65
  publication-title: Perception
  doi: 10.1068/p3173
– volume: 75
  start-page: 107
  issue: 1
  year: 1995
  ident: 341_CR66
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  doi: 10.1152/physrev.1995.75.1.107
– volume: 51
  start-page: 167
  issue: 2
  year: 1997
  ident: 341_CR75
  publication-title: Prog Neurobiol
  doi: 10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00054-8
– volume: 19
  start-page: 109
  year: 1996
  ident: 341_CR69
  publication-title: Ann Rev Neurosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.000545
– volume: 78
  start-page: 507
  issue: 1–2
  year: 1995
  ident: 341_CR73
  publication-title: Artif Intel
  doi: 10.1016/0004-3702(95)00025-9
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1527
  issue: 7
  year: 2006
  ident: 341_CR30
  publication-title: Neural Comput
  doi: 10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527
SSID ssj0002291121
Score 1.1892064
Snippet Knowledge of the brain has much advanced since the concept of the neuron doctrine developed by Ramón y Cajal (R Trim Histol Norm Patol 1:33–49, 1888 ). Over...
SourceID crossref
springer
SourceType Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 19
SubjectTerms Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science
Discussion
Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems
Title Beyond Simple and Complex Neurons: Towards Intermediate-level Representations of Shapes and Objects
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13218-014-0341-0
Volume 29
WOSCitedRecordID wos000410147500004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV07T8MwELZQYWAqT1Fe8sAEsuQ6TuKwIUTFVFBbULfIdmxRqUqrOiB-PmcnoaoEA2wZzifr4vM9fPcdQldaxDbliSKM6YLwPtNERTwhgimbZCq2VqkwbCIdDsV0mj03fdyurXZvnyTDTb1udovAHEHoywmFq5dAnL4N1i718xpG49fvxApjoL-h38oH66QPDnn7mvkTl017tPkYGmzMoPuv3e2hbgsRje_qQ7CPtkx5gLrtvAbcqO8h0nW7Ch7PPCQwlvDpiebmEweMjtLd4kkoo3U4ZApDW0llyNxXFuFRKJptepVKhxcWj9_k0rjA6Un5jI47Qi-Dh8n9I2mGLBANxrwiltGYSkmtFJLzQihwmMAJ0Fmio6yIJJUi0UqnkWXw3yjTTGWF7KeWcw9VSKNj1CkXpTlBOIJ1xkgpBdUQ9cHClGoIt1QitAXmPXTdijpf1lga-Ro12csvB_nlXn457aGbVtB5o1bud-rTP1GfoV3we-K6-PocdarVu7lAO_qjmrnVZThOX_ucxQg
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NS8MwFA-igp7mJ87PHDwpgSxN29SbiGPinOKm7FaSrMHB6MZSxT_fl7R1DPSgtx5eHuE1L-_7F4TOtQhNzCNFGNMjwltMExXwiAimTJSo0Bil_GMTca8nhsPkqZrjtnW3e12S9Df1YtgtAHMEoS8nFK5eAnH6GneAXy5E779-J1YYA_3181YuWCctcMjrauZPXJbt0XIx1NuYduNfu9tCjRoiGl-Xh2AbrWT5DmrU7zXgSn13kS7HVXB_7CCBsYRPRzTJPrHH6MjtFR74NlqLfabQj5UUGZm4ziL87Jtmq1ml3OKpwf03Ocus5_SoXEbH7qGX9u3gpkOqRxaIBmNeEMNoSKWkRgrJ-UgocJjACdBJpINkFEgqRaSVjgPD4L9RpplKRrIVG84dVCEN9tFqPs2zA4QDWJdlUkpBNUR9sDCmGsItFQltgHkTXdSiTmcllka6QE128ktBfqmTX0qb6LIWdFqplf2d-vBP1GdoozN46Kbdu979EdoEHygsG7GP0Woxf89O0Lr-KMZ2fuqP1hdCqcfs
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NS8MwFA-iIp7mJ87PHDwpYVmafnkTdSjKHNuU3UqSNjgY3Viq-Of7kraOgR7EWw8vj_Ka1_f9ewidq8jXIQ8kYUylhLeZItLjAYmY1EEsfa2ldMsmwm43Go3iXrXn1NTd7nVJspxpsChNedGapbq1GHzzwDRBGMwJhd8wgZh9jUMgY3v6-oPX7yQLY6DLbvbKBu6kDc55Xdn8icuybVoujDp702n8-023UKOGjsbX5eXYRitZvoMa9R4HXKn1LlLlGAsejC1UMBbwaIkm2Sd22B25ucJD115rsMsgunGTIiMT23GE-66Ztpphyg2eajx4E7PMOE7P0mZ6zB566dwNb-5JtXyBKDDyBdGM-lQIqkUkOE8jCY4UOAcqDpQXp56gIgqUVKGnGXxPyhSTcSraoebcQhhSbx-t5tM8O0DYg3NZJoSIqIJoEA6GVEEYJoNIaWDeRBe12JNZibGRLNCUrfwSkF9i5ZfQJrqshZ5U6mZ-pz78E_UZ2ujddpKnh-7jEdoE18gv-7OP0Woxf89O0Lr6KMZmfupu2RcJ5dDQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beyond+Simple+and+Complex+Neurons%3A+Towards+Intermediate-level+Representations+of+Shapes+and+Objects&rft.jtitle=KI.+K%C3%BCnstliche+Intelligenz+%28Oldenbourg%29&rft.au=Rodr%C3%ADguez-S%C3%A1nchez%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Heiko&rft.au=Piater%2C+Justus&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.issn=0933-1875&rft.eissn=1610-1987&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.epage=29&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs13218-014-0341-0&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s13218_014_0341_0
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0933-1875&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0933-1875&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0933-1875&client=summon