CRN++: Molecular programming language
Synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging research area, with expected wide-ranging impact in biology, nanofabrication, and medicine. A key technical challenge lies in embedding computation in molecular contexts where electronic micro-controllers cannot be inserted. This necessitates effective represe...
Uloženo v:
| Vydáno v: | Natural computing Ročník 19; číslo 2; s. 391 - 407 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Dordrecht
Springer Netherlands
01.06.2020
Springer Nature B.V |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 1567-7818, 1572-9796 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
| Tagy: |
Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
|
| Abstract | Synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging research area, with expected wide-ranging impact in biology, nanofabrication, and medicine. A key technical challenge lies in embedding computation in molecular contexts where electronic micro-controllers cannot be inserted. This necessitates effective representation of computation using molecular components. While previous work established the Turing-completeness of chemical reactions, defining representations that are faithful, efficient, and practical remains challenging . This paper introduces
CRN
++, a new language for programming deterministic (mass-action) chemical kinetics to perform computation. We present its syntax and semantics, and build a compiler translating
CRN
++ programs into chemical reactions, thereby laying the foundation of a comprehensive framework for molecular programming. Our language addresses the key challenge of embedding familiar imperative constructs into a set of chemical reactions happening simultaneously and manipulating real-valued concentrations. Although some deviation from ideal output value cannot be avoided, we develop methods to minimize the error, and implement error analysis tools. We demonstrate the feasibility of using
CRN
++on a suite of well-known algorithms for discrete and real-valued computation.
CRN
++ can be easily extended to support new commands or chemical reaction implementations, and thus provides a foundation for developing more robust and practical molecular programs. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging research area, with expected wide-ranging impact in biology, nanofabrication, and medicine. A key technical challenge lies in embedding computation in molecular contexts where electronic micro-controllers cannot be inserted. This necessitates effective representation of computation using molecular components. While previous work established the Turing-completeness of chemical reactions, defining representations that are faithful, efficient, and practical remains challenging . This paper introduces
CRN
++, a new language for programming deterministic (mass-action) chemical kinetics to perform computation. We present its syntax and semantics, and build a compiler translating
CRN
++ programs into chemical reactions, thereby laying the foundation of a comprehensive framework for molecular programming. Our language addresses the key challenge of embedding familiar imperative constructs into a set of chemical reactions happening simultaneously and manipulating real-valued concentrations. Although some deviation from ideal output value cannot be avoided, we develop methods to minimize the error, and implement error analysis tools. We demonstrate the feasibility of using
CRN
++on a suite of well-known algorithms for discrete and real-valued computation.
CRN
++ can be easily extended to support new commands or chemical reaction implementations, and thus provides a foundation for developing more robust and practical molecular programs. Synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging research area, with expected wide-ranging impact in biology, nanofabrication, and medicine. A key technical challenge lies in embedding computation in molecular contexts where electronic micro-controllers cannot be inserted. This necessitates effective representation of computation using molecular components. While previous work established the Turing-completeness of chemical reactions, defining representations that are faithful, efficient, and practical remains challenging . This paper introduces CRN++, a new language for programming deterministic (mass-action) chemical kinetics to perform computation. We present its syntax and semantics, and build a compiler translating CRN++ programs into chemical reactions, thereby laying the foundation of a comprehensive framework for molecular programming. Our language addresses the key challenge of embedding familiar imperative constructs into a set of chemical reactions happening simultaneously and manipulating real-valued concentrations. Although some deviation from ideal output value cannot be avoided, we develop methods to minimize the error, and implement error analysis tools. We demonstrate the feasibility of using CRN++on a suite of well-known algorithms for discrete and real-valued computation. CRN++ can be easily extended to support new commands or chemical reaction implementations, and thus provides a foundation for developing more robust and practical molecular programs. |
| Author | Vasić, Marko Soloveichik, David Khurshid, Sarfraz |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marko orcidid: 0000-0002-3404-7187 surname: Vasić fullname: Vasić, Marko email: vasic@utexas.edu organization: The University of Texas at Austin – sequence: 2 givenname: David surname: Soloveichik fullname: Soloveichik, David organization: The University of Texas at Austin – sequence: 3 givenname: Sarfraz surname: Khurshid fullname: Khurshid, Sarfraz organization: The University of Texas at Austin |
| BookMark | eNp9kE9Lw0AQxRepYFv9Ap4K4qmszmx2OxtvUvwHVUH0vGySTUhJk7qbHPz2JkYQPPQ0c3i_9x5vxiZ1UzvGzhGuEICuAyJI4oAxh5hIcTxiU1QkeEzxajL8K-KkUZ-wWQhbAIFK4ZRdrt9elsubxXNTubSrrF_sfVN4u9uVdbGobF10tnCn7Di3VXBnv3fOPu7v3tePfPP68LS-3fBURBK5UiLNV0ImCUUiS2LpZEIx5cppjDPQmFEKCHkCOsoIncq1yyxmOpOadA7RnF2Mvn2Jz86F1mybztd9pBESqPfXclCJUZX6JgTvcrP35c76L4NghjnMOIfp5zA_cxjsIf0PSsvWtmVTt96W1WE0GtHQ59SF83-tDlDfFypzxA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s11047_024_09982_5 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBCAS_2023_3312300 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ifacol_2022_08_022 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNNLS_2022_3146057 crossref_primary_10_3390_sym16020181 crossref_primary_10_1021_acssynbio_5c00099 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11047_021_09878_8 crossref_primary_10_1162_artl_a_00405 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ifacol_2023_10_1060 crossref_primary_10_3390_bioengineering10040466 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_automatica_2025_112261 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TMBMC.2016.2640287 10.1007/978-3-319-67471-1_7 10.1038/s41598-018-26709-6 10.1073/pnas.0909380107 10.1038/srep00656 10.1145/3127496 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1190 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.01.015 10.1371/journal.pone.0021414 10.1073/pnas.89.1.383 10.1162/artl.2009.15.1.15101 10.1093/synbio/ysx002 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00163 10.1038/nnano.2013.189 10.1073/pnas.88.24.10983 10.1145/2024724.2024911 10.1145/2429384.2429462 10.1007/3-540-59496-5_343 10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5062181 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Springer Nature B.V. 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Springer Nature B.V. 2020 – notice: Springer Nature B.V. 2020. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7SC 7XB 88I 8AL 8AO 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FK ABUWG AFKRA ARAPS AZQEC BENPR BGLVJ CCPQU DWQXO GNUQQ HCIFZ JQ2 K7- L7M L~C L~D M0N M2P P5Z P62 PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11047-019-09775-1 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Computer and Information Systems Abstracts ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Science Database (Alumni Edition) Computing Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer Science Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Computing Database Science Database Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Computer Science Database ProQuest Central Student Technology Collection Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Computing ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest Computing (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Computer Science Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Sciences (General) Computer Science Biology |
| EISSN | 1572-9796 |
| EndPage | 407 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1007_s11047_019_09775_1 |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: National Science Foundation grantid: CCF-1618895; CCF-1718903 funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 – fundername: National Science Foundation grantid: CCF-1652824; CCF-1704790 funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -59 -5G -BR -EM -Y2 -~C .4S .86 .DC .VR 06D 0R~ 0VY 123 1N0 203 29M 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2LR 2P1 2VQ 2~H 30V 3V. 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 5VS 67Z 6NX 88I 8AO 8FE 8FG 8TC 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANZL AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH ABAKF ABBBX ABBXA ABDZT ABECU ABFTD ABFTV ABHLI ABHQN ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABKTR ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABWNU ABXPI ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFS ACGOD ACHSB ACHXU ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACOMO ACPIV ACSNA ACZOJ ADHHG ADHIR ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADMLS ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADZKW AEBTG AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AENEX AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFGCZ AFKRA AFLOW AFQWF AFWTZ AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALWAN AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARAPS ARCSS ARMRJ ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AYJHY AZFZN AZQEC B-. BA0 BDATZ BENPR BGLVJ BGNMA BPHCQ BSONS CAG CCPQU COF CS3 CSCUP DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPUIP DU5 DWQXO EBD EBLON EBS EIOEI EJD ESBYG FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNUQQ GNWQR GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GXS H13 HCIFZ HF~ HG5 HG6 HLICF HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I-F I09 IHE IJ- IKXTQ IWAJR IXC IXD IXE IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z J9A JBSCW JCJTX JZLTJ K6V K7- KDC KOV LAK LLZTM M0N M2P M4Y MA- N2Q NB0 NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9- O93 O9J OAM OVD P62 P9O PF0 PQQKQ PROAC PT4 Q2X QOS R89 R9I RNI RNS ROL RPX RSV RZC RZE S16 S1Z S27 S3B SAP SCO SDH SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN T13 TEORI TH9 TSG TSK TSV TUC TUS U2A UG4 UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W23 W48 WJK WK8 YLTOR Z45 Z7X Z83 Z88 ZMTXR ~A9 AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABFSG ABRTQ ACSTC ADHKG ADKFA AEZWR AFDZB AFFHD AFHIU AFOHR AGQPQ AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR AYFIA CITATION PHGZM PHGZT PQGLB 7SC 7XB 8AL 8FD 8FK JQ2 L7M L~C L~D PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c2341-552cf624bb732db94e4b797f5e819d081d7c010fb083d71e5f8eda1d8d4878f03 |
| IEDL.DBID | RSV |
| ISSN | 1567-7818 |
| IngestDate | Wed Nov 05 01:06:57 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:13:01 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:53:09 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:32:24 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2341-552cf624bb732db94e4b797f5e819d081d7c010fb083d71e5f8eda1d8d4878f03 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3404-7187 |
| PQID | 2407552840 |
| PQPubID | 54627 |
| PageCount | 17 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2407552840 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11047_019_09775_1 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s11047_019_09775_1 springer_journals_10_1007_s11047_019_09775_1 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20200600 2020-06-00 20200601 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-06-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 6 year: 2020 text: 20200600 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Dordrecht |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Dordrecht |
| PublicationSubtitle | An International Journal |
| PublicationTitle | Natural computing |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Nat Comput |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Springer Netherlands Springer Nature B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Springer Netherlands – name: Springer Nature B.V |
| References | Cardelli, Csikász-Nagy (CR4) 2012; 2 Fages, Le Guludec, Bournez, Pouly (CR9) 2017 Salehi, Parhi, Riedel (CR19) 2017; 6 Buisman, ten Eikelder, Hilbers, Liekens (CR3) 2009; 15 CR8 Chen, Dalchau, Srinivas, Phillips, Cardelli, Soloveichik, Seelig (CR5) 2013; 8 CR7 Soloveichik, Seelig, Winfree (CR21) 2010; 107 CR17 Magnasco (CR16) 1997; 78 Ge, Zhong, Wen, You, Zhang (CR10) 2016; 3 CR15 Hjelmfelt, Weinberger, Ross (CR12) 1992; 89 CR14 Baccouche, Montagne, Padirac, Fujii, Rondelez (CR1) 2014; 67 CR13 Chou (CR6) 2017; 2 Salehi, Liu, Riedel, Parhi (CR18) 2018; 8 Senum, Riedel (CR20) 2011; 6 Bournez, Graça, Pouly (CR2) 2017; 64 Hjelmfelt, Weinberger, Ross (CR11) 1991; 88 A Hjelmfelt (9775_CR12) 1992; 89 SA Salehi (9775_CR18) 2018; 8 HJ Buisman (9775_CR3) 2009; 15 MO Magnasco (9775_CR16) 1997; 78 YJ Chen (9775_CR5) 2013; 8 9775_CR17 9775_CR15 9775_CR14 9775_CR13 9775_CR8 9775_CR7 D Soloveichik (9775_CR21) 2010; 107 A Baccouche (9775_CR1) 2014; 67 L Cardelli (9775_CR4) 2012; 2 François Fages (9775_CR9) 2017 O Bournez (9775_CR2) 2017; 64 A Hjelmfelt (9775_CR11) 1991; 88 CT Chou (9775_CR6) 2017; 2 SA Salehi (9775_CR19) 2017; 6 P Senum (9775_CR20) 2011; 6 L Ge (9775_CR10) 2016; 3 |
| References_xml | – volume: 3 start-page: 33 issue: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 47 ident: CR10 article-title: A formal combinational logic synthesis with chemical reaction networks publication-title: IEEE Trans Mol Biol Multi-Scale Commun doi: 10.1109/TMBMC.2016.2640287 – start-page: 108 year: 2017 end-page: 127 ident: CR9 article-title: Strong Turing Completeness of Continuous Chemical Reaction Networks and Compilation of Mixed Analog-Digital Programs publication-title: Computational Methods in Systems Biology doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67471-1_7 – volume: 8 start-page: 8312 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: CR18 article-title: Computing mathematical functions using DNA via fractional coding publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26709-6 – volume: 107 start-page: 5393 issue: 12 year: 2010 end-page: 5398 ident: CR21 article-title: DNA as a universal substrate for chemical kinetics publication-title: Proc Nat Acad Sci doi: 10.1073/pnas.0909380107 – volume: 2 start-page: 656 year: 2012 ident: CR4 article-title: The cell cycle switch computes approximate majority publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/srep00656 – ident: CR14 – ident: CR15 – volume: 64 start-page: 38 issue: 6 year: 2017 ident: CR2 article-title: Polynomial time corresponds to solutions of polynomial ordinary differential equations of polynomial length publication-title: J ACM doi: 10.1145/3127496 – volume: 78 start-page: 1190 issue: 6 year: 1997 ident: CR16 article-title: Chemical kinetics is Turing universal publication-title: Phys Rev Lett doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1190 – ident: CR17 – volume: 67 start-page: 234 issue: 2 year: 2014 end-page: 249 ident: CR1 article-title: Dynamic DNA-toolbox reaction circuits: a walkthrough publication-title: Methods doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.01.015 – ident: CR13 – volume: 6 start-page: e21414 year: 2011 ident: CR20 article-title: Rate-independent constructs for chemical computation publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021414 – volume: 89 start-page: 383 issue: 1 year: 1992 end-page: 387 ident: CR12 article-title: Chemical implementation of finite-state machines publication-title: Proc Nat Acad Sci doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.1.383 – volume: 15 start-page: 5 year: 2009 end-page: 19 ident: CR3 article-title: Computing algebraic functions with biochemical reaction networks publication-title: Artif Life doi: 10.1162/artl.2009.15.1.15101 – volume: 2 start-page: ysx002 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: CR6 article-title: Chemical reaction networks for computing logarithm publication-title: Synth Biol doi: 10.1093/synbio/ysx002 – ident: CR7 – ident: CR8 – volume: 6 start-page: 76 issue: 1 year: 2017 end-page: 83 ident: CR19 article-title: Chemical reaction networks for computing polynomials publication-title: ACS Synth Biol doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00163 – volume: 8 start-page: 755 issue: 10 year: 2013 ident: CR5 article-title: Programmable chemical controllers made from DNA publication-title: Nat Nanotechnol doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.189 – volume: 88 start-page: 10983 issue: 24 year: 1991 end-page: 10987 ident: CR11 article-title: Chemical implementation of neural networks and Turing machines publication-title: Proc Nat Acad Sci doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.24.10983 – volume: 67 start-page: 234 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: 9775_CR1 publication-title: Methods doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.01.015 – start-page: 108 volume-title: Computational Methods in Systems Biology year: 2017 ident: 9775_CR9 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67471-1_7 – volume: 78 start-page: 1190 issue: 6 year: 1997 ident: 9775_CR16 publication-title: Phys Rev Lett doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1190 – volume: 88 start-page: 10983 issue: 24 year: 1991 ident: 9775_CR11 publication-title: Proc Nat Acad Sci doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.24.10983 – ident: 9775_CR14 doi: 10.1145/2024724.2024911 – volume: 8 start-page: 755 issue: 10 year: 2013 ident: 9775_CR5 publication-title: Nat Nanotechnol doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.189 – ident: 9775_CR13 doi: 10.1145/2429384.2429462 – ident: 9775_CR15 doi: 10.1007/3-540-59496-5_343 – volume: 89 start-page: 383 issue: 1 year: 1992 ident: 9775_CR12 publication-title: Proc Nat Acad Sci doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.1.383 – volume: 2 start-page: ysx002 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: 9775_CR6 publication-title: Synth Biol doi: 10.1093/synbio/ysx002 – volume: 2 start-page: 656 year: 2012 ident: 9775_CR4 publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/srep00656 – volume: 64 start-page: 38 issue: 6 year: 2017 ident: 9775_CR2 publication-title: J ACM doi: 10.1145/3127496 – ident: 9775_CR8 – volume: 6 start-page: 76 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: 9775_CR19 publication-title: ACS Synth Biol doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00163 – volume: 6 start-page: e21414 year: 2011 ident: 9775_CR20 publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021414 – ident: 9775_CR7 – volume: 8 start-page: 8312 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 9775_CR18 publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26709-6 – volume: 3 start-page: 33 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: 9775_CR10 publication-title: IEEE Trans Mol Biol Multi-Scale Commun doi: 10.1109/TMBMC.2016.2640287 – volume: 107 start-page: 5393 issue: 12 year: 2010 ident: 9775_CR21 publication-title: Proc Nat Acad Sci doi: 10.1073/pnas.0909380107 – volume: 15 start-page: 5 year: 2009 ident: 9775_CR3 publication-title: Artif Life doi: 10.1162/artl.2009.15.1.15101 – ident: 9775_CR17 doi: 10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5062181 |
| SSID | ssj0021551 |
| Score | 2.3608735 |
| Snippet | Synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging research area, with expected wide-ranging impact in biology, nanofabrication, and medicine. A key technical challenge... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref springer |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 391 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Artificial Intelligence Biology Chemical reactions Complex Systems Computation Computer Science Embedding Error analysis Evolutionary Biology Microcontrollers Nanofabrication Processor Architectures Programming languages Reaction kinetics Representations Semantics Theory of Computation Translating |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Science Database dbid: M2P link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3PS8MwFH7oVPCibipOp_SgoMxgk6ZN60VkOLxsDFHYrSy_QNBtrlPwvzdJ0w0FvXhuGkJe8t73XpLvAzjF1JKqpSHimEhEmdIo5SOMuJI80zJLhBRObIL1--lwmA18wa3w1yorn-gctZwIWyO_splHHBtnGt5M35BVjbKnq15CYxXWDLLB9kpXjwwWCZeFA44v1TgDZiKTfzRTPp1zHAWhfcJjIFCM8PfAtESbPw5IXdzpbv93xDuw5RFncFsukTqsqHEDNkoNys8G1P3uLoJzT0F9sQtnnYd-u30d9Crx3MDf43o1YwyqGucePHXvHjv3yAsqIEFMtEJmNEInhHLOImJsQRXlLGM6VgYXSAMOJBMmP9Pc4DLJsIp1quQIy1SatCbVYbQPtfFkrA4gYPb8kCvK0iSiTNMRYbEKhaY8jVRCsibgajZz4dnGrejFS77kSbYWyI0FcmeBHDehvfhnWnJt_Nm6VU177vddkS_nvAmXleGWn3_v7fDv3o5gk9hE25VfWlCbz97VMayLj_lzMTtxq-4LGgfYPA priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | CRN++: Molecular programming language |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11047-019-09775-1 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2407552840 |
| Volume | 19 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLINK Contemporary 1997-Present customDbUrl: eissn: 1572-9796 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0021551 issn: 1567-7818 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 20020301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3fS8MwED5088EX56bidI4-KCgzsGZpk_qmYyLIxpg_GL6UpUlA0Cnr9O_30qUrigr6EgpN0_YuyX2X5L4DOPSZJVUTbSJ9qgjj2hAhJz6RWsnIqChMVJIlm-CDgRiPo6ELCkvz0-75lmQ2UxfBbhmrQNsG3SBoCQj6PGU0d8ImbBjd3C_dLAsCMpZUnAI42iMXKvN9G5_NUYExv2yLZtbmsvK_79yEDYcuvfNFd6jCip7WoJJnbvDcQK5B1V2l3rHjnT7ZgqPuaNBqnXn9PGOu5w5vPePrvXxhcxvuLnu33SvisiiQhKKJIkFAExNSJiXvUFQA00zyiJtAIxhQiAgUT9ApMxLBmOK-DozQauIrodCXEabd2YHS9GWqd8HjdtNQasZF2GHcsAnlgW4nhknR0SGN6uDnwowTRzFuM108xQU5shVOjMKJM-HEfh1ay2deFwQbv9Zu5DqK3WBLY-uU4l-iq1qH01wnxe2fW9v7W_V9WKfW287WYBpQms_e9AGsJe_zx3TWhPJFbzAcNWH1mhMs-3SI5TB4aGbd8wPPRNYa |
| linkProvider | Springer Nature |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1ZS8NAEB480RdvsZ55sKDUxWS7ySaCiHhgqZYiCr7F7gWCtrXxwD_lb3Q2h0FB33zwOcmw7DeZa3e-Adj0mCVVC10iPKoI49qQUHQ8IrQSkVFRIJVMh03wViu8uYnaQ_Be9MLYa5WFTUwNtepJWyPftZmH76MxdQ_6j8ROjbKnq8UIjUwtmvrtFVO2ZL9xjPhWKT09uTo6I_lUASIpmmyCQqQJKBOC1ykuiGkmeMSNr9E5KvSQiktMUozA4ERxT_sm1KrjqVBhbB8at45yh2GUWWYxe1WQtj8TPBt-pPysaHw4esK8SSdr1Us5EVzbMoQhl0-8r46wjG6_Hcimfu50-r_t0AxM5RG1c5j9ArMwpLtzMJ7N2Hybg9nceiXOVk6xvT0P1aPLVq2251wUw4Gd_J7aA-6JU9RwF-D6Txa-CCPdXlcvgcPt-ajQjIdBnXHDOpT72pWGibCuAxpVwCvQi2XOpm6HetzHJQ-0RTxGxOMU8dirQO3zm37GJfLr26sFzHFuV5K4xLgCO4WilI9_lrb8u7QNmDi7ujiPzxut5gpMUltUSEtNqzDyNHjWazAmX57uksF6qvEO3P61An0ANq80SQ |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1JS8NAFH7UuuDFXaxWzUFBqYPJdNJJBBGxFkUtRRTES-xsIGit1oX-NX-db5KJRUFvHjwneQzzvbx9AVgLmB2qFvlEBFQRxrUhkWgHRGglYqPimlQyXTbBm83o6ipuFeA974WxZZW5TEwFtXqQNka-bT2PMERh6m8bVxbRqjf2uo_EbpCymdZ8nUbGIie6_4buW2_3uI5Yr1PaOLw4OCJuwwCRFMU3QYLS1CgTglcpHo5pJnjMTahRUSrUlopLdFiMQENF8UCHJtKqHahIoZ0fGb-KdIdgmKOPacsJW-H1p7NnTZF0VisKIo5a0TXsZG176XwE37YPofkVkuCrUhxYut-Ss6nOa0z-59uagglnaXv72a8xDQXdmYHRbPdmfwamnVTreRtu9PbmLKwfnDcrlR3vLF8a7Ln6tXu8Hy-P7c7B5Z8cfB6KnYeOXgCP27yp0IxHtSrjhrUpD7UvDRNRVddoXIIgRzKRbsq6XfZxlwzmQ1v0E0Q_SdFPghJUPr_pZjNGfn27nEOeOHnTSwZ4l2ArZ5rB45-pLf5ObRXGkG-S0-PmyRKMUxtrSCNQZSg-P73oZRiRr8-3vaeVlPk9uPlr_vkAcHw9NQ |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CRN%2B%2B%3A+Molecular+programming+language&rft.jtitle=Natural+computing&rft.au=Vasi%C4%87%2C+Marko&rft.au=Soloveichik%2C+David&rft.au=Khurshid%2C+Sarfraz&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.issn=1567-7818&rft.eissn=1572-9796&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=391&rft.epage=407&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11047-019-09775-1&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s11047_019_09775_1 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1567-7818&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1567-7818&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1567-7818&client=summon |