Simulations of Polarimetric, X-Band Radar Signatures in Supercells. Part II: ZDR Columns and Rings and KDP Columns
A high-resolution numerical model and polarimetric forward operator allow one to examine simulated convective storms from the perspective of observable polarimetric radar quantities, enabling a better comparison of modeled and observed deep moist convection. Part I of this two-part study described t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied meteorology and climatology Jg. 56; H. 7; S. 2001 - 2026 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch Japanisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
01.07.2017
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| ISSN: | 1558-8424, 1558-8432 |
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| Abstract | A high-resolution numerical model and polarimetric forward operator allow one to examine simulated convective storms from the perspective of observable polarimetric radar quantities, enabling a better comparison of modeled and observed deep moist convection. Part I of this two-part study described the model and forward operator used for all simulations and examined the structure and evolution of rings of reduced copolar cross-correlation coefficient (i.e.,
ρ
hv
rings). The microphysical structure of upward extensions of enhanced differential reflectivity (
Z
DR
columns and
Z
DR
rings) and enhanced specific differential phase (
K
DP
columns) near and within the updrafts of convective storms serve as the focus of this paper. In general, simulated
Z
DR
columns are located immediately west of the midlevel updraft maximum and are associated with rainwater lofted above the 0°C level and wet hail/graupel, whereas
Z
DR
rings are associated with wet hail located near and immediately east of the midlevel updraft maximum. The deepest areas of
Z
DR
> 1 dB aloft are associated with supercells in the highest shear environments and those that have the most intense updrafts; the upper extent of the
Z
DR
signatures is found to be positively correlated with the amount and mean-mass diameter of large hail aloft likely as a by-product of the shared correlations with updraft intensity and wind shear. Large quantities of rain compose the
K
DP
columns, with the size and intensity of the updrafts directly proportional to the size and depth of the
K
DP
columns. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A high-resolution numerical model and polarimetric forward operator allow one to examine simulated convective storms from the perspective of observable polarimetric radar quantities, enabling a better comparison of modeled and observed deep moist convection. Part I of this two-part study described the model and forward operator used for all simulations and examined the structure and evolution of rings of reduced copolar cross-correlation coefficient (i.e.,
ρ
hv
rings). The microphysical structure of upward extensions of enhanced differential reflectivity (
Z
DR
columns and
Z
DR
rings) and enhanced specific differential phase (
K
DP
columns) near and within the updrafts of convective storms serve as the focus of this paper. In general, simulated
Z
DR
columns are located immediately west of the midlevel updraft maximum and are associated with rainwater lofted above the 0°C level and wet hail/graupel, whereas
Z
DR
rings are associated with wet hail located near and immediately east of the midlevel updraft maximum. The deepest areas of
Z
DR
> 1 dB aloft are associated with supercells in the highest shear environments and those that have the most intense updrafts; the upper extent of the
Z
DR
signatures is found to be positively correlated with the amount and mean-mass diameter of large hail aloft likely as a by-product of the shared correlations with updraft intensity and wind shear. Large quantities of rain compose the
K
DP
columns, with the size and intensity of the updrafts directly proportional to the size and depth of the
K
DP
columns. |
| Author | Dawson II, Daniel T. Snyder, Jeffrey C. Jung, Youngsun Bluestein, Howard B. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jeffrey C. surname: Snyder fullname: Snyder, Jeffrey C. organization: Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, and NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, and School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma – sequence: 2 givenname: Howard B. surname: Bluestein fullname: Bluestein, Howard B. organization: School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma – sequence: 3 givenname: Daniel T. surname: Dawson II fullname: Dawson II, Daniel T. organization: Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana – sequence: 4 givenname: Youngsun surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Youngsun organization: Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, Norman, Oklahoma |
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