Scalable Multisubject Vital Sign Monitoring With mmWave FMCW Radar and FPGA Prototyping

In this work, we introduce an innovative approach to estimate the vital signs of multiple human subjects simultaneously in a noncontact way using a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar-based system. Traditional vital sign monitoring methods often face significant limitations, including s...

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Vydáno v:IEEE sensors journal Ročník 25; číslo 2; s. 3571 - 3583
Hlavní autoři: Benny, Jewel, Moudhgalya, Narahari N., Khan, Mujeev, Kumar Meena, Hemant, Wajid, Mohd, Srivastava, Abhishek
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: New York IEEE 15.01.2025
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Témata:
77 GHz
Accuracy
Azimuth
Biomedical measurement
breath-rate estimation
Continuous radiation
Doppler radar
Field programmable gate arrays
field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
Frequency measurement
frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW)
Hardware
healthcare
heart-rate estimation
Lookup tables
Measuring instruments
Millimeter waves
mmWave radar
Monitoring
multisubject
noncontact
Prototyping
Radar measurements
Sensors
Signal processing algorithms
Ultra wideband radar
Wearable technology
ISSN:1530-437X, 1558-1748
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Shrnutí:In this work, we introduce an innovative approach to estimate the vital signs of multiple human subjects simultaneously in a noncontact way using a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar-based system. Traditional vital sign monitoring methods often face significant limitations, including subject discomfort with wearable devices, challenges in calibration, and the risk of infection transmission through contact measurement devices. To address these issues, this research is motivated by the need for versatile, noncontact vital monitoring solutions applicable in various critical scenarios. This work also explores the challenges of extending this capability to an arbitrary number of subjects, including hardware and theoretical limitations. Supported by rigorous experimental results and discussions, the article illustrates the system's potential to redefine vital sign monitoring. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation is also presented as proof of concept for a hardware-based and portable solution, improving upon previous works by offering <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2.7\times </tex-math></inline-formula> faster execution and 18.4% less look-up table (LUT) utilization, as well as providing over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">7400\times </tex-math></inline-formula> acceleration compared to its software counterpart.
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ISSN:1530-437X
1558-1748
DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2024.3507951