Improved level set method for particle reconstruction from X-ray computed tomography images
The heat and fluid flow properties of granular materials are largely controlled by their 3D microstructures. With recent advancements in image-based network modeling, heat transfer and fluid dynamic physics can be effectively simulated. Model accuracy depends on precise 3D reconstruction of particle...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Powder technology Vol. 455; p. 120743 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier B.V
15.04.2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0032-5910 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | The heat and fluid flow properties of granular materials are largely controlled by their 3D microstructures. With recent advancements in image-based network modeling, heat transfer and fluid dynamic physics can be effectively simulated. Model accuracy depends on precise 3D reconstruction of particles from X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) images; however, existing workflows that combine watershed algorithms with level set methods require subjective manual inputs in preprocessing and lack controllability in optimization processes. To address these problems, this work proposes an automated workflow that can achieve high precision in the 3D reconstruction of particles. Oversegmentation instances by the traditional watershed algorithm are eliminated through morphological dilations, providing better inputs for the level set optimization process to lay a solid foundation for particle boundary extraction. The results of the proposed level set method are validated with paired multiresolution images of nearly spherical Ottawa and irregular angular sand. Compared with the current state-of-the-art method, the proposed method consistently and significantly obtains smoother particle boundaries and more accurate particle volumes and interparticle contact areas.
[Display omitted]
•A precise 3D boundary refinement method for particles in CT images is proposed.•Automated detection and correction for over-segmentation in watershed algorithm.•Improved level set method for higher precision in reconstruction of irregular particles. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The heat and fluid flow properties of granular materials are largely controlled by their 3D microstructures. With recent advancements in image-based network modeling, heat transfer and fluid dynamic physics can be effectively simulated. Model accuracy depends on precise 3D reconstruction of particles from X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) images; however, existing workflows that combine watershed algorithms with level set methods require subjective manual inputs in preprocessing and lack controllability in optimization processes. To address these problems, this work proposes an automated workflow that can achieve high precision in the 3D reconstruction of particles. Oversegmentation instances by the traditional watershed algorithm are eliminated through morphological dilations, providing better inputs for the level set optimization process to lay a solid foundation for particle boundary extraction. The results of the proposed level set method are validated with paired multiresolution images of nearly spherical Ottawa and irregular angular sand. Compared with the current state-of-the-art method, the proposed method consistently and significantly obtains smoother particle boundaries and more accurate particle volumes and interparticle contact areas.
[Display omitted]
•A precise 3D boundary refinement method for particles in CT images is proposed.•Automated detection and correction for over-segmentation in watershed algorithm.•Improved level set method for higher precision in reconstruction of irregular particles. The heat and fluid flow properties of granular materials are largely controlled by their 3D microstructures. With recent advancements in image-based network modeling, heat transfer and fluid dynamic physics can be effectively simulated. Model accuracy depends on precise 3D reconstruction of particles from X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) images; however, existing workflows that combine watershed algorithms with level set methods require subjective manual inputs in preprocessing and lack controllability in optimization processes. To address these problems, this work proposes an automated workflow that can achieve high precision in the 3D reconstruction of particles. Oversegmentation instances by the traditional watershed algorithm are eliminated through morphological dilations, providing better inputs for the level set optimization process to lay a solid foundation for particle boundary extraction. The results of the proposed level set method are validated with paired multiresolution images of nearly spherical Ottawa and irregular angular sand. Compared with the current state-of-the-art method, the proposed method consistently and significantly obtains smoother particle boundaries and more accurate particle volumes and interparticle contact areas. |
| ArticleNumber | 120743 |
| Author | Narsilio, Guillermo A. Fei, Wenbin Wang, Tingxuan Ehinger, Krista A. Drummond, Tom W. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tingxuan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Tingxuan organization: School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Wenbin surname: Fei fullname: Fei, Wenbin email: wenbinfei@hnu.edu.cn organization: College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China – sequence: 3 givenname: Krista A. surname: Ehinger fullname: Ehinger, Krista A. organization: School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Tom W. surname: Drummond fullname: Drummond, Tom W. organization: School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Guillermo A. surname: Narsilio fullname: Narsilio, Guillermo A. organization: Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia |
| BookMark | eNp9kLtOwzAUhj0UibbwBgweWVKO7TiXBQlVXCpVYgEJicEKzknrKomD7RT17XEVZqYz_Bed_1uQWW97JOSGwYoBy-4Oq8H-BNQrDlyuGIc8FTMyBxA8kSWDS7Lw_gAAmWAwJ5-bbnD2iDVt8Ygt9Rhoh2Fva9pYR4fKBaNbpA617X1wow7G9rRxtqMfiatOVNtuGEMsCLazO1cN-xM1XbVDf0Uumqr1eP13l-T96fFt_ZJsX58364dtojkrQvLFeYFZKtMShawzkTMuMtBRrHPQouFaSAlFjnkpuczyHEop8kbUJWSaVUwsye3UG5d8j-iD6ozX2LZVj3b0SvC4XhZS8mhNJ6t21nuHjRpcfNadFAN15qcOauKnzvzUxC_G7qcYxhlHg055bbDXWJsIJqjamv8LfgFb4n6c |
| Cites_doi | 10.1680/geot.8.T.037 10.1016/j.powtec.2005.12.016 10.1109/TIP.2010.2069690 10.1016/j.jmps.2016.02.021 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.05.025 10.3208/sandf1960.12.17 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1958.tb00292.x 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104093 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.07.094 10.1016/j.physa.2006.11.090 10.1016/j.jmps.2020.104103 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118514 10.7717/peerj.453 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101157 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104033 10.1007/s10035-013-0460-6 10.1680/jgele.15.00100 10.1006/jcph.1994.1155 10.1007/BF00379537 10.1016/j.cma.2020.112961 10.1016/j.jmps.2010.10.009 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.021301 10.1016/j.cma.2012.06.012 10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103773 10.1016/j.physa.2004.03.057 10.1016/j.patrec.2004.09.036 10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.12.014 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104258 10.1115/1.1760520 10.1680/jgeot.16.P.278 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00202-9 10.1006/jcph.2000.6636 10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.08.008 10.1016/j.imavis.2004.06.012 10.1111/1467-8667.00315 10.1038/nmeth.2089 10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.03.011 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.037 10.1007/BF01385685 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.05.051 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.008 10.1016/j.jmps.2017.10.003 10.1109/34.777370 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03349.x 10.1016/1047-3203(90)90014-M 10.1016/0021-9991(88)90002-2 10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104936 10.1016/j.sandf.2012.07.011 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107122 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.03.053 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118638 10.1145/37402.37422 10.1002/nag.1610170902 10.3390/ma10101195 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.028 10.1007/s11263-007-0052-1 10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47 10.1002/1361-6374(199303)1:1<6::AID-BIO3>3.3.CO;2-V 10.1007/s11440-016-0491-3 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076 10.1109/83.902291 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2025 Elsevier B.V. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2025 Elsevier B.V. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7S9 L.6 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | AGRICOLA |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_powtec_2025_120743 S003259102500138X |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M -~X .DC .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1~. 1~5 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABNK AABXZ AAEDT AAEDW AAEPC AAHBH AAIKC AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAMNW AAOAW AAQFI AARLI AATTM AAXKI AAXUO AAYWO ABJNI ABMAC ABNUV ABXRA ACDAQ ACGFS ACIWK ACLOT ACRLP ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADEWK ADEZE AEBSH AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AEZYN AFJKZ AFPUW AFRAH AFRZQ AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHPOS AIEXJ AIGII AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AKBMS AKRWK AKURH AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU APXCP AXJTR BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFKBS EFLBG ENUVR EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FIRID FLBIZ FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA IHE J1W KOM LX7 M41 MAGPM MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SEW SPC SPCBC SSG SSM SSZ T5K ~02 ~G- ~HD 29O 8WZ 9DU A6W AAQXK AAYXX ABFNM ABWVN ABXDB ACNNM ACRPL ADMUD ADNMO AGQPQ ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN BBWZM CITATION EJD FEDTE FGOYB HLY HVGLF HZ~ NDZJH R2- SCB SCE T9H WUQ XPP ZY4 7S9 L.6 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c218t-b228e64549e35d63712360cc21d70c3f2c355087e7952567709537f3d906c1a13 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 1 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001428362000001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0032-5910 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 02 21:43:01 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:51:10 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 17:01:35 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | 3D segmentation Contact area estimation Level set Particle reconstruction Watershed algorithm |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c218t-b228e64549e35d63712360cc21d70c3f2c355087e7952567709537f3d906c1a13 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PQID | 3200358552 |
| PQPubID | 24069 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_3200358552 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_powtec_2025_120743 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_powtec_2025_120743 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-04-15 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-04-15 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2025 text: 2025-04-15 day: 15 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Powder technology |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Elsevier B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V |
| References | Mullikin, Verbeek (bb0365) 1993; 1 Cox (bb0345) 1958; 20 Liang, Nie, An, Gong, Wang (bb0240) 2019; 353 Lorensen, Cline (bb0360) 1987; 21 Zuiderveld (bb0350) 1994 Soille (bb0200) 1999 Fonseca, O’Sullivan, Coop, Lee (bb0040) 2012; 52 Otsu (bb0245) 1979; 9 Fei, Narsilio, van der Linden, Disfani, Miao, Yang, Afshar (bb0325) 2021; 36 Vlahinić, Kawamoto, Andò, Viggiani, Andrade (bb0020) 2017; 12 Fei, Narsilio, Disfani (bb0210) 2019; 355 Oda (bb0005) 1972; 12 Maugin (bb0050) 2013 Buades, Coll, Morel (bb0335) 2008; 76 Klette, Sun (bb0375) 2001 Kawamoto, Andò, Viggiani, Andrade (bb0095) 2018; 111 Beucher (bb0140) 1992; 6 Sussman, Smereka, Osher (bb0280) 1994; 114 Pashminehazar, Ahmed, Kharaghani, Tsotsas (bb0230) 2018; 331 Kim, Haas, Rauch, Browne (bb0175) 2003; 18 Dervieux, Thomasset (bb0265) 1981 Tahmasebi (bb0315) 2018; 100 Coeurjolly, Flin, Teytaud, Tougne (bb0380) 2003 Alonso-Marroquin, Herrmann (bb0065) 2002; 66 Dadkhah, Tsotsas (bb0220) 2014; 264 Meyer, Beucher (bb0165) 1990; 1 Al-Raoush (bb0155) 2007; 377 Kenmochi, Klette (bb0370) 2000 Li, Chenyang, Gui, Fox (bb0295) 2010; 19 Faessel, Jeulin (bb0195) 2010; 239 Gao, Chae (bb0320) 2008 Garcia, Latham, Xiang, Harrison (bb0070) 2009; 59 Dadkhah, Peglow, Tsotsas (bb0215) 2012; 228 Gurtin, Fried, Anand (bb0045) 2010 Thompson, Willson, Zhang (bb0150) 2006; 163 Andrade, Lim, Avila, Vlahinić (bb0085) 2012; 241–244 Duriez, Bonelli (bb0305) 2021; 134 Beucher (bb0145) 1979 Pashminehazar, Kharaghani, Tsotsas (bb0225) 2016; 300 Tasora, Anitescu (bb0080) 2010; 5 Schneider, Rasband, Eliceiri (bb0330) 2012; 9 Andrade, Avila, Hall, Lenoir, Viggiani (bb0010) 2011; 59 Cundall, Strack (bb0055) 1979; 29 Taubin (bb0390) 2024 Lindblad (bb0385) 2005; 23 Kong, Fonseca (bb0160) 2018; 68 Mohana Rao, Dempster (bb0170) 2002 Sheppard, Sok, Averdunk (bb0255) 2004; 339 van der Walt, Schönberger, Nunez-Iglesias, Boulogne, Warner, Yager, Gouillart, Yu (bb0340) 2014; 2 Osher, Fedkiw (bb0110) 2001; 169 Osher, Fedkiw, Piechor (bb0115) 2004; 57 Munjiza (bb0075) 2004 Fei, Narsilio, van der Linden, Tordesillas, Disfani, Santamarina (bb0025) 2021; 137 Vlahinić, Andò, Viggiani, Andrade (bb0135) 2014; 16 Kawamoto, Andò, Viggiani, Andrade (bb0090) 2016; 91 Alam, Haque (bb0205) 2017; 10 Fei, Narsilio, van der Linden, Disfani (bb0125) 2019; 143 Patino (bb0180) 2005; 26 Feng, Zhang, Li, Fang, Yang, Yang, Zhang (bb0235) 2023; 426 Tahmasebi (bb0300) 2023; 138 Duriez, Galusinski (bb0310) 2021; 157 Cignoni, Callieri, Corsini, Dellepiane, Ganovelli, Ranzuglia (bb0395) 2008 Karapiperis, Harmon, Andò, Viggiani, Andrade (bb0105) 2020; 144 Caselles, Catt, Coll, Dibos (bb0275) 1993; 66 Druckrey, Alshibli, Al-Raoush (bb0015) 2016; 74 Soille, Vincent (bb0260) 1990 Sun, Zheng, Li (bb0185) 2019; 356 Wonho, B. (bb0250) 1999; 21 Shi, Yan (bb0190) 2015; 5 REN21 (bb0035) 2023 Chan, Vese (bb0290) 2001; 10 Kichenassamy, Kumar, Olver, Tannenbaum, Yezzi (bb0285) 1996; 134 Fei, Narsilio (bb0030) 2022; 14 Dalla, Hilpert, Miller (bb0355) 2002; 56 Fei, Narsilio (bb0120) 2020; 127 Harmon, Arthur, Andrade (bb0100) 2020; 365 Ting, Khwaja, Meachum, Rowell (bb0060) 1993; 17 van der Linden, Narsilio, Tordesillas (bb0130) 2021; 136 Osher, Sethian (bb0270) 1988; 79 Pashminehazar (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0225) 2016; 300 Cox (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0345) 1958; 20 Tahmasebi (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0300) 2023; 138 van der Linden (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0130) 2021; 136 Soille (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0200) 1999 Faessel (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0195) 2010; 239 Meyer (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0165) 1990; 1 Mohana Rao (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0170) 2002 Sussman (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0280) 1994; 114 Alam (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0205) 2017; 10 Zuiderveld (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0350) 1994 Kim (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0175) 2003; 18 Mullikin (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0365) 1993; 1 Maugin (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0050) 2013 Sheppard (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0255) 2004; 339 Karapiperis (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0105) 2020; 144 Thompson (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0150) 2006; 163 Fei (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0125) 2019; 143 Dervieux (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0265) 1981 Vlahinić (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0020) 2017; 12 Fei (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0210) 2019; 355 Li (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0295) 2010; 19 Duriez (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0310) 2021; 157 Druckrey (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0015) 2016; 74 Cignoni (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0395) 2008 Kong (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0160) 2018; 68 Sun (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0185) 2019; 356 Dadkhah (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0220) 2014; 264 Kawamoto (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0095) 2018; 111 Taubin (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0390) 2024 Schneider (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0330) 2012; 9 Klette (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0375) 2001 Munjiza (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0075) 2004 Liang (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0240) 2019; 353 Lorensen (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0360) 1987; 21 Otsu (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0245) 1979; 9 Osher (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0110) 2001; 169 Cundall (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0055) 1979; 29 Wonho (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0250) 1999; 21 Duriez (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0305) 2021; 134 Beucher (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0145) 1979 Gao (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0320) 2008 Harmon (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0100) 2020; 365 Kichenassamy (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0285) 1996; 134 Andrade (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0010) 2011; 59 Fei (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0025) 2021; 137 Dadkhah (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0215) 2012; 228 Gurtin (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0045) 2010 Alonso-Marroquin (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0065) 2002; 66 Pashminehazar (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0230) 2018; 331 Chan (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0290) 2001; 10 REN21 (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0035) 2023 Garcia (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0070) 2009; 59 Fei (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0325) 2021; 36 van der Walt (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0340) 2014; 2 Ting (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0060) 1993; 17 Caselles (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0275) 1993; 66 Shi (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0190) 2015; 5 Kawamoto (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0090) 2016; 91 Dalla (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0355) 2002; 56 Lindblad (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0385) 2005; 23 Oda (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0005) 1972; 12 Fei (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0120) 2020; 127 Patino (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0180) 2005; 26 Beucher (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0140) 1992; 6 Fonseca (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0040) 2012; 52 Tasora (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0080) 2010; 5 Al-Raoush (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0155) 2007; 377 Osher (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0270) 1988; 79 Tahmasebi (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0315) 2018; 100 Fei (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0030) 2022; 14 Kenmochi (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0370) 2000 Andrade (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0085) 2012; 241–244 Osher (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0115) 2004; 57 Vlahinić (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0135) 2014; 16 Feng (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0235) 2023; 426 Soille (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0260) 1990 Buades (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0335) 2008; 76 Coeurjolly (10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0380) 2003 |
| References_xml | – volume: 74 start-page: 26 year: 2016 end-page: 35 ident: bb0015 article-title: 3D characterization of sand particle-to-particle contact and morphology publication-title: Comput. Geotech. – start-page: 17 year: 1979 end-page: 21 ident: bb0145 article-title: Use of watersheds in contour detection publication-title: Int. Workshop Image Process. – volume: 127 year: 2020 ident: bb0120 article-title: Network analysis of heat transfer in sands publication-title: Comput. Geotech. – start-page: 382 year: 2008 end-page: 387 ident: bb0320 article-title: Touching tooth segmentation from CT image sequences using coupled level set method publication-title: 5th International Conference on Visual Information Engineering (VIE 2008) – volume: 111 start-page: 375 year: 2018 end-page: 392 ident: bb0095 article-title: All you need is shape: predicting shear banding in sand with LS-DEM publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids – volume: 300 start-page: 46 year: 2016 end-page: 60 ident: bb0225 article-title: Three dimensional characterization of morphology and internal structure of soft material agglomerates produced in spray fluidized bed by X-ray tomography publication-title: Powder Technol. – volume: 21 start-page: 163 year: 1987 end-page: 169 ident: bb0360 article-title: Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm publication-title: ACM SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. – volume: 331 start-page: 204 year: 2018 end-page: 217 ident: bb0230 article-title: Spatial morphology of maltodextrin agglomerates from X-ray microtomographic data: real structure evaluation vs. spherical primary particle model publication-title: Powder Technol. – volume: 12 start-page: 17 year: 1972 end-page: 36 ident: bb0005 article-title: Initial fabrics and their relations to mechanical properties of granular material publication-title: Soils Found. – volume: 1 start-page: 6 year: 1993 end-page: 16 ident: bb0365 article-title: Surface area estimation of digitized planes publication-title: Bioimaging – volume: 10 start-page: 1195 year: 2017 ident: bb0205 article-title: A new cluster analysis-marker-controlled watershed method for separating particles of granular soils publication-title: Materials – volume: 228 start-page: 349 year: 2012 end-page: 358 ident: bb0215 article-title: Characterization of the internal morphology of agglomerates produced in a spray fluidized bed by X-ray tomography publication-title: Powder Technol. – volume: 241–244 start-page: 262 year: 2012 end-page: 274 ident: bb0085 article-title: Granular element method for computational particle mechanics publication-title: Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. – year: 1999 ident: bb0200 article-title: Morphological Image Analysis – volume: 2 year: 2014 ident: bb0340 article-title: Scikit-image: image processing in Python publication-title: PeerJ – start-page: 100 year: 2000 end-page: 111 ident: bb0370 article-title: Surface area estimation for digitized regular solids publication-title: Vision Geometry IX – volume: 426 year: 2023 ident: bb0235 article-title: Quantitative analysis of layered re-crushing of crushed coal particles during compression based on CT scanning publication-title: Powder Technol. – volume: 16 start-page: 9 year: 2014 end-page: 21 ident: bb0135 article-title: Towards a more accurate characterization of granular media: extracting quantitative descriptors from tomographic images publication-title: Granul. Matter – volume: 9 start-page: 62 year: 1979 end-page: 66 ident: bb0245 article-title: A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms publication-title: IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. – volume: 365 year: 2020 ident: bb0100 article-title: Level set splitting in DEM for modeling breakage mechanics publication-title: Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. – volume: 157 year: 2021 ident: bb0310 article-title: A level set-discrete element method in YADE for numerical, micro-scale, geomechanics with refined grain shapes publication-title: Comput. Geosci. – volume: 66 start-page: 1 year: 1993 end-page: 31 ident: bb0275 article-title: A geometric model for active contours in image processing publication-title: Numer. Math. – volume: 9 start-page: 671 year: 2012 end-page: 675 ident: bb0330 article-title: NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis publication-title: Nat. Methods – volume: 377 start-page: 545 year: 2007 end-page: 558 ident: bb0155 article-title: Microstructure characterization of granular materials publication-title: Physica A – start-page: 356 year: 2001 end-page: 366 ident: bb0375 article-title: Digital planar segment based Polyhedrization for surface area estimation publication-title: International Workshop on Visual Form – volume: 137 year: 2021 ident: bb0025 article-title: Impact of particle shape on networks in sands publication-title: Comput. Geotech. – volume: 169 start-page: 463 year: 2001 end-page: 502 ident: bb0110 article-title: Level set methods: An overview and some recent results publication-title: J. Comput. Phys. – volume: 239 start-page: 17 year: 2010 end-page: 31 ident: bb0195 article-title: Segmentation of 3D microtomographic images of granular materials with the stochastic watershed publication-title: J. Microsc. – volume: 134 start-page: 275 year: 1996 end-page: 301 ident: bb0285 article-title: Conformal curvature flows: from phase transitions to active vision publication-title: Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. – volume: 19 start-page: 3243 year: 2010 end-page: 3254 ident: bb0295 article-title: Distance regularized level set evolution and its application to image segmentation publication-title: IEEE Trans. Image Process. – start-page: 129 year: 2008 end-page: 136 ident: bb0395 article-title: MeshLab: an open-source mesh processing tool publication-title: Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference – volume: 29 start-page: 47 year: 1979 end-page: 65 ident: bb0055 article-title: A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies publication-title: Géotechnique – volume: 66 year: 2002 ident: bb0065 article-title: Calculation of the incremental stress-strain relation of a polygonal packing publication-title: Phys. Rev. E – volume: 114 start-page: 146 year: 1994 end-page: 159 ident: bb0280 article-title: A level set approach for computing solutions to incompressible two-phase flow publication-title: J. Comput. Phys. – volume: 353 start-page: 156 year: 2019 end-page: 170 ident: bb0240 article-title: A particle shape extraction and evaluation method using a deep convolutional neural network and digital image processing publication-title: Powder Technol. – volume: 52 start-page: 712 year: 2012 end-page: 722 ident: bb0040 article-title: Non-invasive characterization of particle morphology of natural sands publication-title: Soils Found. – volume: 264 start-page: 256 year: 2014 end-page: 264 ident: bb0220 article-title: Study of the morphology of solidified binder in spray fluidized bed agglomerates by X-ray tomography publication-title: Powder Technol. – year: 2023 ident: bb0035 article-title: Renewables 2023 Global Status Report Collection – volume: 57 start-page: B15 year: 2004 ident: bb0115 article-title: Level set methods and dynamic implicit surfaces publication-title: Appl. Mech. Rev. – volume: 100 start-page: 52 year: 2018 end-page: 61 ident: bb0315 article-title: Packing of discrete and irregular particles publication-title: Comput. Geotech. – volume: 23 start-page: 111 year: 2005 end-page: 122 ident: bb0385 article-title: Surface area estimation of digitized 3D objects using weighted local configurations publication-title: Image Vis. Comput. – volume: 5 start-page: 299 year: 2015 end-page: 305 ident: bb0190 article-title: Segmentation of irregular porous particles of various sizes from X-ray microfocus computer tomography images using a novel adaptive watershed approach publication-title: Géotech. Lett. – volume: 10 start-page: 266 year: 2001 end-page: 277 ident: bb0290 article-title: Active contours without edges publication-title: IEEE Trans. Image Process. – volume: 59 start-page: 237 year: 2011 end-page: 250 ident: bb0010 article-title: Multiscale modeling and characterization of granular matter: from grain kinematics to continuum mechanics publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids – volume: 59 start-page: 779 year: 2009 end-page: 784 ident: bb0070 article-title: A clustered overlapping sphere algorithm to represent real particles in discrete element modelling publication-title: Géotechnique – volume: 76 start-page: 123 year: 2008 end-page: 139 ident: bb0335 article-title: Nonlocal image and movie denoising publication-title: Int. J. Comput. Vis. – start-page: 158 year: 1981 end-page: 163 ident: bb0265 article-title: Multifluid incompressible flows by a finite element method publication-title: Seventh International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics – volume: 134 year: 2021 ident: bb0305 article-title: Precision and computational costs of level set-discrete element method (LS-DEM) with respect to DEM publication-title: Comput. Geotech. – volume: 36 year: 2021 ident: bb0325 article-title: X-ray computed tomography images and network data of sands under compression publication-title: Data Brief – start-page: 852 year: 2024 end-page: 857 ident: bb0390 article-title: Curve and surface smoothing without shrinkage publication-title: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision – volume: 136 year: 2021 ident: bb0130 article-title: Thermal conductance network model for computerised tomography images of real dry geomaterials publication-title: Comput. Geotech. – start-page: 240 year: 1990 end-page: 250 ident: bb0260 article-title: Determining watersheds in digital pictures via flooding simulations publication-title: Visual Communications and Image Processing’90: Fifth in a Series – volume: 18 start-page: 254 year: 2003 end-page: 263 ident: bb0175 article-title: 3D image segmentation of aggregates from laser profiling publication-title: Comput. Aided Civ. Inf. Eng. – volume: 14 start-page: 210 year: 2022 end-page: 218 ident: bb0030 article-title: Estimation of thermal conductivity of cemented sands using thermal network models publication-title: J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. – volume: 355 start-page: 770 year: 2019 end-page: 781 ident: bb0210 article-title: Impact of three-dimensional sphericity and roundness on heat transfer in granular materials publication-title: Powder Technol. – year: 2010 ident: bb0045 article-title: The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Continua – volume: 26 start-page: 819 year: 2005 end-page: 828 ident: bb0180 article-title: Fuzzy relations applied to minimize over segmentation in watershed algorithms publication-title: Pattern Recogn. Lett. – year: 2013 ident: bb0050 article-title: Continuum Mechanics Through the Twentieth Century – volume: 144 year: 2020 ident: bb0105 article-title: Investigating the incremental behavior of granular materials with the level-set discrete element method publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids – volume: 91 start-page: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 13 ident: bb0090 article-title: Level set discrete element method for three-dimensional computations with triaxial case study publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids – volume: 163 start-page: 169 year: 2006 end-page: 182 ident: bb0150 article-title: Quantitative computer reconstruction of particulate materials from microtomography images publication-title: Powder Technol. – volume: 79 start-page: 12 year: 1988 end-page: 49 ident: bb0270 article-title: Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations publication-title: J. Comput. Phys. – start-page: 474 year: 1994 end-page: 485 ident: bb0350 article-title: Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization publication-title: Graphics Gems – start-page: 295 year: 2002 end-page: 301 ident: bb0170 article-title: Modification on distance transform to avoid over-segmentation and under-segmentation publication-title: International Symposium on VIPromCom Video/Image Processing and Multimedia Communications, Croatian Soc. Electron. Marine – volume: 21 start-page: 590 year: 1999 end-page: 602 ident: bb0250 article-title: Lindquist, image thresholding by indicator kriging publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. – volume: 5 year: 2010 ident: bb0080 article-title: A convex complementarity approach for simulating large granular flows publication-title: J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn. – volume: 6 start-page: 28 year: 1992 ident: bb0140 article-title: The watershed transformation applied to image segmentation publication-title: Scanning Microsc. – volume: 20 start-page: 215 year: 1958 end-page: 232 ident: bb0345 article-title: The regression analysis of binary sequences publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat Methodol. – volume: 68 start-page: 249 year: 2018 end-page: 261 ident: bb0160 article-title: Quantification of the morphology of shelly carbonate sands using 3D images publication-title: Géotechnique – year: 2004 ident: bb0075 article-title: The Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method – volume: 1 start-page: 21 year: 1990 end-page: 46 ident: bb0165 article-title: Morphological segmentation publication-title: J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. – volume: 339 start-page: 145 year: 2004 end-page: 151 ident: bb0255 article-title: Techniques for image enhancement and segmentation of tomographic images of porous materials publication-title: Physica A – volume: 56 start-page: 25 year: 2002 end-page: 48 ident: bb0355 article-title: Computation of the interfacial area for two-fluid porous medium systems publication-title: J. Contam. Hydrol. – volume: 138 year: 2023 ident: bb0300 article-title: A state-of-the-art review of experimental and computational studies of granular materials: properties, advances, challenges, and future directions publication-title: Prog. Mater. Sci. – volume: 12 start-page: 85 year: 2017 end-page: 95 ident: bb0020 article-title: From computed tomography to mechanics of granular materials via level set bridge publication-title: Acta Geotech. – volume: 356 start-page: 295 year: 2019 end-page: 303 ident: bb0185 article-title: Improved watershed analysis for segmenting contacting particles of coarse granular soils in volumetric images publication-title: Powder Technol. – start-page: 101 year: 2003 end-page: 119 ident: bb0380 article-title: Multigrid Convergence and Surface Area Estimation – volume: 17 start-page: 603 year: 1993 end-page: 623 ident: bb0060 article-title: An ellipse-based discrete element model for granular materials publication-title: Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. – volume: 143 year: 2019 ident: bb0125 article-title: Quantifying the impact of rigid interparticle structures on heat transfer in granular materials using networks publication-title: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. – volume: 59 start-page: 779 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0070 article-title: A clustered overlapping sphere algorithm to represent real particles in discrete element modelling publication-title: Géotechnique doi: 10.1680/geot.8.T.037 – volume: 163 start-page: 169 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0150 article-title: Quantitative computer reconstruction of particulate materials from microtomography images publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2005.12.016 – volume: 19 start-page: 3243 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0295 article-title: Distance regularized level set evolution and its application to image segmentation publication-title: IEEE Trans. Image Process. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2010.2069690 – volume: 91 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0090 article-title: Level set discrete element method for three-dimensional computations with triaxial case study publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2016.02.021 – volume: 353 start-page: 156 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0240 article-title: A particle shape extraction and evaluation method using a deep convolutional neural network and digital image processing publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.05.025 – volume: 12 start-page: 17 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0005 article-title: Initial fabrics and their relations to mechanical properties of granular material publication-title: Soils Found. doi: 10.3208/sandf1960.12.17 – volume: 6 start-page: 28 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0140 article-title: The watershed transformation applied to image segmentation publication-title: Scanning Microsc. – volume: 20 start-page: 215 year: 1958 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0345 article-title: The regression analysis of binary sequences publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat Methodol. doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1958.tb00292.x – volume: 136 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0130 article-title: Thermal conductance network model for computerised tomography images of real dry geomaterials publication-title: Comput. Geotech. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104093 – start-page: 295 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0170 article-title: Modification on distance transform to avoid over-segmentation and under-segmentation – volume: 355 start-page: 770 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0210 article-title: Impact of three-dimensional sphericity and roundness on heat transfer in granular materials publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.07.094 – volume: 377 start-page: 545 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0155 article-title: Microstructure characterization of granular materials publication-title: Physica A doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2006.11.090 – volume: 144 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0105 article-title: Investigating the incremental behavior of granular materials with the level-set discrete element method publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2020.104103 – volume: 143 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0125 article-title: Quantifying the impact of rigid interparticle structures on heat transfer in granular materials using networks publication-title: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118514 – volume: 2 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0340 article-title: Scikit-image: image processing in Python publication-title: PeerJ doi: 10.7717/peerj.453 – volume: 138 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0300 article-title: A state-of-the-art review of experimental and computational studies of granular materials: properties, advances, challenges, and future directions publication-title: Prog. Mater. Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101157 – volume: 134 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0305 article-title: Precision and computational costs of level set-discrete element method (LS-DEM) with respect to DEM publication-title: Comput. Geotech. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104033 – volume: 16 start-page: 9 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0135 article-title: Towards a more accurate characterization of granular media: extracting quantitative descriptors from tomographic images publication-title: Granul. Matter doi: 10.1007/s10035-013-0460-6 – volume: 5 start-page: 299 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0190 article-title: Segmentation of irregular porous particles of various sizes from X-ray microfocus computer tomography images using a novel adaptive watershed approach publication-title: Géotech. Lett. doi: 10.1680/jgele.15.00100 – start-page: 356 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0375 article-title: Digital planar segment based Polyhedrization for surface area estimation – start-page: 17 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0145 article-title: Use of watersheds in contour detection publication-title: Int. Workshop Image Process. – volume: 114 start-page: 146 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0280 article-title: A level set approach for computing solutions to incompressible two-phase flow publication-title: J. Comput. Phys. doi: 10.1006/jcph.1994.1155 – volume: 134 start-page: 275 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0285 article-title: Conformal curvature flows: from phase transitions to active vision publication-title: Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. doi: 10.1007/BF00379537 – volume: 365 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0100 article-title: Level set splitting in DEM for modeling breakage mechanics publication-title: Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2020.112961 – volume: 59 start-page: 237 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0010 article-title: Multiscale modeling and characterization of granular matter: from grain kinematics to continuum mechanics publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2010.10.009 – volume: 66 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0065 article-title: Calculation of the incremental stress-strain relation of a polygonal packing publication-title: Phys. Rev. E doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.021301 – volume: 241–244 start-page: 262 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0085 article-title: Granular element method for computational particle mechanics publication-title: Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2012.06.012 – volume: 127 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0120 article-title: Network analysis of heat transfer in sands publication-title: Comput. Geotech. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103773 – volume: 339 start-page: 145 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0255 article-title: Techniques for image enhancement and segmentation of tomographic images of porous materials publication-title: Physica A doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2004.03.057 – year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0035 – volume: 5 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0080 article-title: A convex complementarity approach for simulating large granular flows publication-title: J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn. – volume: 26 start-page: 819 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0180 article-title: Fuzzy relations applied to minimize over segmentation in watershed algorithms publication-title: Pattern Recogn. Lett. doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2004.09.036 – volume: 74 start-page: 26 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0015 article-title: 3D characterization of sand particle-to-particle contact and morphology publication-title: Comput. Geotech. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.12.014 – start-page: 100 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0370 article-title: Surface area estimation for digitized regular solids – start-page: 240 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0260 article-title: Determining watersheds in digital pictures via flooding simulations – volume: 137 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0025 article-title: Impact of particle shape on networks in sands publication-title: Comput. Geotech. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104258 – volume: 57 start-page: B15 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0115 article-title: Level set methods and dynamic implicit surfaces publication-title: Appl. Mech. Rev. doi: 10.1115/1.1760520 – volume: 68 start-page: 249 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0160 article-title: Quantification of the morphology of shelly carbonate sands using 3D images publication-title: Géotechnique doi: 10.1680/jgeot.16.P.278 – volume: 56 start-page: 25 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0355 article-title: Computation of the interfacial area for two-fluid porous medium systems publication-title: J. Contam. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00202-9 – start-page: 101 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0380 – volume: 169 start-page: 463 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0110 article-title: Level set methods: An overview and some recent results publication-title: J. Comput. Phys. doi: 10.1006/jcph.2000.6636 – volume: 14 start-page: 210 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0030 article-title: Estimation of thermal conductivity of cemented sands using thermal network models publication-title: J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.08.008 – volume: 23 start-page: 111 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0385 article-title: Surface area estimation of digitized 3D objects using weighted local configurations publication-title: Image Vis. Comput. doi: 10.1016/j.imavis.2004.06.012 – volume: 18 start-page: 254 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0175 article-title: 3D image segmentation of aggregates from laser profiling publication-title: Comput. Aided Civ. Inf. Eng. doi: 10.1111/1467-8667.00315 – volume: 9 start-page: 671 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0330 article-title: NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis publication-title: Nat. Methods doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2089 – volume: 100 start-page: 52 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0315 article-title: Packing of discrete and irregular particles publication-title: Comput. Geotech. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.03.011 – volume: 264 start-page: 256 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0220 article-title: Study of the morphology of solidified binder in spray fluidized bed agglomerates by X-ray tomography publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.037 – volume: 66 start-page: 1 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0275 article-title: A geometric model for active contours in image processing publication-title: Numer. Math. doi: 10.1007/BF01385685 – volume: 228 start-page: 349 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0215 article-title: Characterization of the internal morphology of agglomerates produced in a spray fluidized bed by X-ray tomography publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.05.051 – volume: 331 start-page: 204 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0230 article-title: Spatial morphology of maltodextrin agglomerates from X-ray microtomographic data: real structure evaluation vs. spherical primary particle model publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.008 – volume: 111 start-page: 375 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0095 article-title: All you need is shape: predicting shear banding in sand with LS-DEM publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2017.10.003 – year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0200 – volume: 21 start-page: 590 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0250 article-title: Lindquist, image thresholding by indicator kriging publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. doi: 10.1109/34.777370 – volume: 239 start-page: 17 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0195 article-title: Segmentation of 3D microtomographic images of granular materials with the stochastic watershed publication-title: J. Microsc. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03349.x – volume: 1 start-page: 21 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0165 article-title: Morphological segmentation publication-title: J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. doi: 10.1016/1047-3203(90)90014-M – start-page: 474 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0350 article-title: Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization – volume: 79 start-page: 12 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0270 article-title: Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations publication-title: J. Comput. Phys. doi: 10.1016/0021-9991(88)90002-2 – volume: 157 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0310 article-title: A level set-discrete element method in YADE for numerical, micro-scale, geomechanics with refined grain shapes publication-title: Comput. Geosci. doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104936 – volume: 52 start-page: 712 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0040 article-title: Non-invasive characterization of particle morphology of natural sands publication-title: Soils Found. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2012.07.011 – volume: 36 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0325 article-title: X-ray computed tomography images and network data of sands under compression publication-title: Data Brief doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107122 – start-page: 129 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0395 article-title: MeshLab: an open-source mesh processing tool – volume: 300 start-page: 46 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0225 article-title: Three dimensional characterization of morphology and internal structure of soft material agglomerates produced in spray fluidized bed by X-ray tomography publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.03.053 – volume: 426 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0235 article-title: Quantitative analysis of layered re-crushing of crushed coal particles during compression based on CT scanning publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118638 – start-page: 158 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0265 article-title: Multifluid incompressible flows by a finite element method – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0045 – volume: 21 start-page: 163 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0360 article-title: Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm publication-title: ACM SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. doi: 10.1145/37402.37422 – volume: 17 start-page: 603 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0060 article-title: An ellipse-based discrete element model for granular materials publication-title: Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. doi: 10.1002/nag.1610170902 – volume: 10 start-page: 1195 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0205 article-title: A new cluster analysis-marker-controlled watershed method for separating particles of granular soils publication-title: Materials doi: 10.3390/ma10101195 – volume: 356 start-page: 295 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0185 article-title: Improved watershed analysis for segmenting contacting particles of coarse granular soils in volumetric images publication-title: Powder Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.028 – volume: 76 start-page: 123 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0335 article-title: Nonlocal image and movie denoising publication-title: Int. J. Comput. Vis. doi: 10.1007/s11263-007-0052-1 – volume: 29 start-page: 47 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0055 article-title: A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies publication-title: Géotechnique doi: 10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47 – start-page: 852 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0390 article-title: Curve and surface smoothing without shrinkage – volume: 1 start-page: 6 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0365 article-title: Surface area estimation of digitized planes publication-title: Bioimaging doi: 10.1002/1361-6374(199303)1:1<6::AID-BIO3>3.3.CO;2-V – year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0050 – volume: 12 start-page: 85 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0020 article-title: From computed tomography to mechanics of granular materials via level set bridge publication-title: Acta Geotech. doi: 10.1007/s11440-016-0491-3 – volume: 9 start-page: 62 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0245 article-title: A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms publication-title: IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076 – year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0075 – start-page: 382 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0320 article-title: Touching tooth segmentation from CT image sequences using coupled level set method – volume: 10 start-page: 266 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743_bb0290 article-title: Active contours without edges publication-title: IEEE Trans. Image Process. doi: 10.1109/83.902291 |
| SSID | ssj0006310 |
| Score | 2.453072 |
| Snippet | The heat and fluid flow properties of granular materials are largely controlled by their 3D microstructures. With recent advancements in image-based network... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 120743 |
| SubjectTerms | 3D segmentation algorithms automation Contact area estimation heat transfer Level set Particle reconstruction sand technology tomography Watershed algorithm watersheds X-radiation |
| Title | Improved level set method for particle reconstruction from X-ray computed tomography images |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120743 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3200358552 |
| Volume | 455 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001428362000001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 issn: 0032-5910 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 customDbUrl: isFulltext: true dateEnd: 99991231 titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0006310 providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lj9MwELZglwMcEE-xvGQkxKVKldh1HR9X0ArQquwhq43EwcrD0XbFJqFJ2fLvGb-aAotYDlyiKHXSZObTeDwz_gah13RCKavKIsgZncIChdEAJj0W6H26ZajzaiQzzSb4YhGnqTh2pbydaSfA6zrebET7X1UN10DZeuvsP6h7-1C4AOegdDiC2uF4LcXbMAH4kV90PdCoU71rE20qClt3x8ishLfssXabSRqssu-mynytHdG-uXCE1qPlBdidbteTPW4uNQ1Ff0Vo3pqPBCbFzXoA31yZwoFTVefLoWTkzIQVt-YmG2Kr71ZGaAaBCbzc6W6AgjCda7FbNL3RpbDeFa561RndCWOjdhwRQ5F6pSm3UYXzcdtcwqeM9ZPd-GHq8un6xSc5Pzk6ksksTd60XwPdVEwn312HlZton3AmwOjtH36YpR-3U_WURo63076h31tpCgB__-M_-S6_zOLGNUnuobtuTYEPrWbvoxuqfoDu7DBNPkSfPSqwQQUGVGCLCgyowB4V-GdUYI0KbFCBPSrwgApsUfEIncxnydv3geurERTg0PVBTkisNJObUJSVU8o1A09YwI8lDwtakQKc0DDmigsGHjHnmpOQV7QU4bSIsog-Rnt1U6snCNM8L_OMVFVFoklFRM7LCsZMOOMFDUV-gAIvMdla-hTp6wrPpZWw1BKWVsIHiHuxSucCWtdOAiz-cucrrwUJFlKnvbJaNetOUkP6GzNGnl5jzDN0ewDxc7QHElcv0K3iW7_sVi8dgH4AD8KJuQ |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Improved+level+set+method+for+particle+reconstruction+from+X-ray+computed+tomography+images&rft.jtitle=Powder+technology&rft.au=Wang%2C+Tingxuan&rft.au=Fei%2C+Wenbin&rft.au=Ehinger%2C+Krista+A&rft.au=Drummond%2C+Tom+W&rft.date=2025-04-15&rft.issn=0032-5910&rft.volume=455+p.120743-&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.powtec.2025.120743&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0032-5910&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0032-5910&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0032-5910&client=summon |