A PMU Placement Scheme Considering Realistic Costs and Modern Trends in Relaying

Synchrophasor deployment costs have evolved over time. The cost of upgrading a substation, which is much larger than the cost of an individual device, has emerged as the primary constituent of the total expenditure. Given these circumstances, the optimal phasor measurement unit placement formulation...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on power systems Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 552 - 561
Main Authors: Pal, Anamitra, Vullikanti, Anil Kumar S., Ravi, S. S.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 01.01.2017
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
ISSN:0885-8950, 1558-0679
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Synchrophasor deployment costs have evolved over time. The cost of upgrading a substation, which is much larger than the cost of an individual device, has emerged as the primary constituent of the total expenditure. Given these circumstances, the optimal phasor measurement unit placement formulation needs to consider not only the number of devices that must be placed at the substations, but also the number of substations that must be upgraded to support those devices. This paper presents an integer linear programming methodology for such a placement scheme while considering realistic costs and practical constraints. The IEEE 30 bus system is used to illustrate the proposed concept, while the IEEE 118, IEEE 300, and Polish 2383 bus systems are used to show the performance of the method under different test environments.
AbstractList Synchrophasor deployment costs have evolved over time. The cost of upgrading a substation, which is much larger than the cost of an individual device, has emerged as the primary constituent of the total expenditure. Given these circumstances, the optimal phasor measurement unit placement formulation needs to consider not only the number of devices that must be placed at the substations, but also the number of substations that must be upgraded to support those devices. This paper presents an integer linear programming methodology for such a placement scheme while considering realistic costs and practical constraints. The IEEE 30 bus system is used to illustrate the proposed concept, while the IEEE 118, IEEE 300, and Polish 2383 bus systems are used to show the performance of the method under different test environments.
Author Vullikanti, Anil Kumar S.
Ravi, S. S.
Pal, Anamitra
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Anamitra
  surname: Pal
  fullname: Pal, Anamitra
  email: anam86@vbi.vt.edu
  organization: Network Dynamics & Simulation Sci. Lab., Biocomplexity Inst., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Anil Kumar S.
  surname: Vullikanti
  fullname: Vullikanti, Anil Kumar S.
  email: akumar@vbi.vt.edu
  organization: Dept. of Comput. Sci., Biocomplexity Inst., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: S. S.
  surname: Ravi
  fullname: Ravi, S. S.
  email: sravi@albany.edu
  organization: Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Albany, Albany, NY, USA
BookMark eNp9kM1PAjEQxRuDiYD-A3pp4nlx2rK77ZEQvxKIGz7icVO6g5YsXWyXA_-9RYgHD55mMu_95iWvRzqucUjILYMBY6AeFsX7bD7gwLIBT1MmOFyQLktTmUCWqw7pgpRpIlUKV6QXwgYAsih0STGixXRJi1ob3KJr6dx8xoWOGxdshd66DzpDXdvQWhOvoQ1Uu4pOmyg6uvDoqkCti6ZaH6L7mlyudR3w5jz7ZPn0uBi_JJO359fxaJIYzqBNNOScCwNCiFXFlVJmLQwXPFuhAskR5TADzXCtc1ihYChlrk0luYg6rirRJ_envzvffO0xtOWm2XsXI0sm00xIJTMeXfzkMr4JweO63Hm71f5QMiiPzZU_zZXH5spzcxGSfyBjW93axrVe2_p_9O6EWkT8zcqHQ6kyEN-e5H08
CODEN ITPSEG
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2020_106577
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2018_10_026
crossref_primary_10_3390_en15155329
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egyr_2021_11_217
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2019_2901748
crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2019_1605635
crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202346101035
crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2025_3548935
crossref_primary_10_3390_en12163043
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2024_110320
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2018_12_009
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40009_020_01001_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2019_113963
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2020_106897
crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2019_1580801
crossref_primary_10_3390_en15062125
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12652_020_02324_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measurement_2019_107305
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_stg_2019_0326
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2020_3019247
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15043338
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2017_08_025
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2019_0760
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measurement_2025_117590
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2021_3076576
crossref_primary_10_3390_a17050191
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108167
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2018_09_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2020_106156
crossref_primary_10_3390_en13071724
crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2017_1378775
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2019_2896211
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2018_10_010
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3058628
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2024_110305
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2017_09_032
crossref_primary_10_1145_3397776_3397779
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2018_7019
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00500_020_05498_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2024_110910
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42835_020_00536_0
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2018_2860622
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2025_3564889
crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_2846_1_012030
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2018_09_020
crossref_primary_10_1002_etep_2591
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2021_3078267
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2024_111291
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2018_2862401
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2019_2943695
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2841891
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2024_3458932
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_smt_2020_0049
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2020_2990435
crossref_primary_10_1109_OAJPE_2025_3556004
crossref_primary_10_15302_J_FEM_2017030
crossref_primary_10_1049_gtd2_12336
Cites_doi 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2179816
10.1109/TSG.2011.2178080
10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2279172
10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2347047
10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2289970
10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168
10.1109/TPWRS.1986.4334878
10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2307577
10.1016/j.epsr.2014.08.023
10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0377
10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2389659
10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2185959
10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2277741
10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0251
10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0215
10.1002/etep.2027
10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2344012
10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2330736
10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1077
10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2299756
10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2284560
10.1109/TSG.2015.2404855
10.1016/j.conengprac.2013.11.019
10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2036474
10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335059
10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2494058
10.1109/TPWRS.2003.821629
10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2310182
10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2008430
10.1109/PES.2008.4596382
10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0662
10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2285578
10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2356797
10.1109/TSG.2010.2044815
10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672516
10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2242698
10.1109/TII.2014.2321521
10.1109/TII.2015.2389613
10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2365550
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2017
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2017
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
KR7
L7M
DOI 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2551320
DatabaseName IEEE Xplore (IEEE)
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Technology Research Database
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList Civil Engineering Abstracts

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1558-0679
EndPage 561
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_TPWRS_2016_2551320
7448960
Genre orig-research
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Network Science and Engineering
  grantid: CNS-1011769
– fundername: Defense Threat Reduction Agency
  grantid: HDTRA1-11-1-0016
  funderid: 10.13039/100000774
– fundername: DTRA Comprehensive National Incident Management System
  grantid: HDTRA1-11-D-0016-0001
– fundername: National Science Foundation
  funderid: 10.13039/100000001
GroupedDBID -~X
.DC
0R~
29I
3EH
4.4
5GY
5VS
6IK
85S
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABFSI
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACKIV
AENEX
AETIX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ASUFR
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
DU5
E.L
EBS
EJD
HZ~
H~9
ICLAB
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
MS~
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
TAE
TN5
VH1
VJK
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
KR7
L7M
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c210t-a07223c0333bd2999cf3c2326be9082ee8460a1efa70be31e887acd823e90ebd3
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 0885-8950
IngestDate Fri Jul 25 18:59:04 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 02:52:09 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:43:55 EST 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:51:35 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c210t-a07223c0333bd2999cf3c2326be9082ee8460a1efa70be31e887acd823e90ebd3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0001-8377-8480
PQID 1856389862
PQPubID 85441
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2016_2551320
proquest_journals_1856389862
ieee_primary_7448960
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TPWRS_2016_2551320
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2017-Jan.
2017-1-00
20170101
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2017
  text: 2017-Jan.
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on power systems
PublicationTitleAbbrev TPWRS
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref13
ref12
ref15
ref14
ref11
ref10
multilin (ref35) 2016
ref17
ref16
ref19
ref18
(ref46) 2015
ref50
garey (ref51) 1979
ref48
ref42
khajeh (ref34) 0
ref41
ref44
(ref45) 2015
ref49
ref8
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref5
ref40
ref37
ref31
ref30
ref33
ref32
ref2
ref1
(ref7) 2014
ref39
ref38
rokkam (ref43) 2014
ref23
ref25
ref20
pal (ref26) 0
ref22
ref21
(ref36) 0
(ref6) 2013
ref28
ref27
ref29
(ref47) 2016
bao (ref24) 2014; 9
References_xml – year: 2015
  ident: ref45
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2179816
– ident: ref37
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2178080
– ident: ref29
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2279172
– ident: ref49
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2347047
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2289970
– ident: ref44
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.1986.4334878
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2307577
– ident: ref48
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.08.023
– ident: ref33
  doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0377
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2389659
– start-page: 1164
  year: 2014
  ident: ref43
  article-title: A novel approach for optimal PMU placement considering channel limit
  publication-title: Proc IEEE Int Conf Power Syst Technol
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2185959
– ident: ref42
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2277741
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0251
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0215
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1002/etep.2027
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2344012
– ident: ref27
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2330736
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1077
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2299756
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2284560
– ident: ref39
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2404855
– ident: ref38
  doi: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2013.11.019
– ident: ref28
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2036474
– ident: ref23
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335059
– ident: ref50
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2494058
– year: 0
  ident: ref26
  article-title: A community-based partitioning approach for PMU placement in large systems
  publication-title: Electr Power Compon Syst
– year: 0
  ident: ref34
  article-title: Integrated model considering effects of zero injection buses and conventional measurements on optimal PMU placement
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid
– ident: ref30
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.821629
– volume: 9
  start-page: 742
  year: 2014
  ident: ref24
  article-title: A substation oriented approach to optimal phasor measurement units placement
  publication-title: J Electr Eng Technol
– year: 2015
  ident: ref46
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2310182
– ident: ref40
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2008430
– ident: ref31
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2008.4596382
– year: 2016
  ident: ref35
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0662
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2285578
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2356797
– ident: ref41
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2010.2044815
– year: 2013
  ident: ref6
  article-title: Synchrophasor technologies and their deployment in the recovery act smart grid programs
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672516
– year: 2014
  ident: ref7
  article-title: Factors affecting PMU installation costs
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2242698
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1109/TII.2014.2321521
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/TII.2015.2389613
– year: 0
  ident: ref36
– year: 1979
  ident: ref51
  publication-title: Computers and Intractability A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
– year: 2016
  ident: ref47
  publication-title: Results_IEEE118_IEEE300_Polish2383 pdf
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2365550
SSID ssj0006679
Score 2.5402822
Snippet Synchrophasor deployment costs have evolved over time. The cost of upgrading a substation, which is much larger than the cost of an individual device, has...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 552
SubjectTerms Costs
Critical-bus concept
Devices
dual-use line relay (DULR)
integer linear programming (ILP)
Integer programming
Linear programming
Monitoring
N–t contingency
Observability
optimal cost
phasor measurement unit (PMU)
Phasor measurement units
Placement
Relaying
State estimation
Substations
Test procedures
Transmission line measurements
Voltage measurement
Title A PMU Placement Scheme Considering Realistic Costs and Modern Trends in Relaying
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7448960
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1856389862
Volume 32
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1558-0679
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0006679
  issn: 0885-8950
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19860101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8NAEB5a8aAH32K1yh68aWyaTTbZo4jFixJ8oLew2Z1CQVNpo7_fmU1aBEXwFpKdEGaS-WY2M_MBnLpEmWwcx8FQJ1EQa6sCoyMXEPSjVASQsXSebCK9u8teXnTegfNlLwwi-uIzvOBD_y_fTe0Hb5UNUsolKOLuQjdNVdOrtfS6SjVz9bIsCTKdhIsGmVAPHvPn-weu4lIXEfOZMLf3NxDyrCo_XLHHl9Hm_55sCzbaOFJcNobfhg5WO7D-bbrgLuSXIr99EjlvlLO4eCADvaFYcHTSInGPPACR7kFn5_VcmMqJhh5NNNWyYlIJLpjjbqg9eBpdP17dBC2BQmApk6sDE6aE_jaUUpaOcEfbsbQUQqkSmekckYKP0AxxbNKwRDlE8jjGuiySdB1LJ_dhpZpWeABCJTLWWeyMJiGTjHlOfqlio2SppEPTg-FCo4Vtp4szycVr4bOMUBfeCgVboWit0IOzpcx7M1vjz9W7rPflylblPegvDFe0n9-8oCCEIzHK1g5_lzqCtYjx2e-l9GGlnn3gMazaz3oyn534N-sLxlfJTQ
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dS8NADA_zA9QHv8X5eQ--abXrtbfeo4iiOEfRib6V610GgnayTf9-k2s3BEXwrbSXUpI2v-Sa5Adw5BJl0n4cBy2dREGsrQqMjlxA0I9SEUDG0nmyiXa3mz4_66wBJ9NeGET0xWd4yof-X74b2A_eKjtrUy5BEfcMzDFzVt2tNfW7SlWT9dI0CVKdhJMWmVCf9bKn-weu41KnETOaMLv3NxjyvCo_nLFHmKuV_z3bKizXkaQ4r0y_Bg0s12Hp23zBDcjORXb3KDLeKmdx8UAmekMxYemkReIeeQQi3YPOjsYjYUonKoI0UdXLipdScMkc90NtwuPVZe_iOqgpFAJLudw4MGGb8N-GUsrCEfJo25eWgihVIHOdI1L4EZoW9k07LFC2kHyOsS6NJF3HwsktmC0HJW6DUImMdRo7o0nIJH2elF-o2ChZKOnQNKE10Whu6_niTHPxmvs8I9S5t0LOVshrKzTheCrzXk3X-HP1But9urJWeRP2JobL6w9wlFMYwrEY5Ws7v0sdwsJ1766Td266t7uwGDFa-52VPZgdDz9wH-bt5_hlNDzwb9kXbyHMlg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+PMU+Placement+Scheme+Considering+Realistic+Costs+and+Modern+Trends+in+Relaying&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+power+systems&rft.au=Pal%2C+Anamitra&rft.au=Vullikanti%2C+Anil+Kumar+S.&rft.au=Ravi%2C+S.+S.&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.issn=0885-8950&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=552&rft.epage=561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTPWRS.2016.2551320&rft.externalDocID=7448960
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0885-8950&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0885-8950&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0885-8950&client=summon