A Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Framework to Autonomously Design Algorithms for Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Problem
The Earth observation satellite scheduling problem (EOSSP) is a complex optimization problem involving the selection, sequencing, and timing of observational tasks to maximize task completion rates while adhering to various constraints. However, effectively solving diverse scheduling scenarios with...
Uloženo v:
| Vydáno v: | Engineering (Beijing, China) |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2025
|
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 2095-8099 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
| Tagy: |
Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
|
| Abstract | The Earth observation satellite scheduling problem (EOSSP) is a complex optimization problem involving the selection, sequencing, and timing of observational tasks to maximize task completion rates while adhering to various constraints. However, effectively solving diverse scheduling scenarios with varying characteristics through manual design and modification of algorithm configurations is a laborious task. Concurrently, with the advent of large language models (LLMs), numerous studies have leveraged related technologies to facilitate automatic algorithm deisgn (AAD), thereby alleviating the burdensome task of crafting optimization algorithms. However, these studies primarily concentrated on traditional optimization problems, whereas the EOSSP constitutes a more intricate problem necessitating precise articulation in specialized language and comprehensive elucidation. Moreover, previous research has achieved AAD by depending on the initially defined algorithms and proposing sophisticated, detailed iterative frameworks, thereby still requiring expertise in algorithm design. In this paper, we introduce an LLM-based multi-agent framework AgentAD that automatically generates efficient algorithms for EOSSP—transforming problem descriptions in natural language into executable algorithmic code. Within this framework, the proposed agents collaborate through numerous atomic interactions, completing subtasks in each defined workflow phase. Mirroring human behavior in software development processes, these agents join forces to craft effective algorithms tailored to EOSSP scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithms generated by AgentAD outperformed other state-of-the-art human-designed counterparts. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The Earth observation satellite scheduling problem (EOSSP) is a complex optimization problem involving the selection, sequencing, and timing of observational tasks to maximize task completion rates while adhering to various constraints. However, effectively solving diverse scheduling scenarios with varying characteristics through manual design and modification of algorithm configurations is a laborious task. Concurrently, with the advent of large language models (LLMs), numerous studies have leveraged related technologies to facilitate automatic algorithm deisgn (AAD), thereby alleviating the burdensome task of crafting optimization algorithms. However, these studies primarily concentrated on traditional optimization problems, whereas the EOSSP constitutes a more intricate problem necessitating precise articulation in specialized language and comprehensive elucidation. Moreover, previous research has achieved AAD by depending on the initially defined algorithms and proposing sophisticated, detailed iterative frameworks, thereby still requiring expertise in algorithm design. In this paper, we introduce an LLM-based multi-agent framework AgentAD that automatically generates efficient algorithms for EOSSP—transforming problem descriptions in natural language into executable algorithmic code. Within this framework, the proposed agents collaborate through numerous atomic interactions, completing subtasks in each defined workflow phase. Mirroring human behavior in software development processes, these agents join forces to craft effective algorithms tailored to EOSSP scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithms generated by AgentAD outperformed other state-of-the-art human-designed counterparts. |
| Author | Xing, Lining Chen, Jiawei Wu, Jian Chen, Yingwu Pham, Duc Trong Song, Yanjie Chen, Yingguo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jiawei surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jiawei organization: College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yingguo orcidid: 0000-0001-7722-5775 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yingguo email: ygchen@nudt.edu.cn organization: College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Duc Trong orcidid: 0009-0004-4236-6235 surname: Pham fullname: Pham, Duc Trong organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Yanjie orcidid: 0000-0002-4313-8312 surname: Song fullname: Song, Yanjie organization: School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100080, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Jian surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Jian organization: Xidian University Hangzhou Research Institute, Hangzhou 310000, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Lining orcidid: 0000-0002-6983-4244 surname: Xing fullname: Xing, Lining organization: Xidian University Hangzhou Research Institute, Hangzhou 310000, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Yingwu surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yingwu organization: College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| BookMark | eNp9kE1OwzAQhb0Aid8DsPMFUuykTmqxiqAFpFZFKqyjqTNNXRwb2U5RT8C1cVXWbOZPeqP3vityZp1FQu44G3HGy_vdCG03ylku0j5ieXVGLnMmRTZhUl6Q2xB2jDEuOKvY5JL81HQOvsNUbTdAGhauRZOtIWBLF4OJOqs7tJHOPPT47fwnjY7WQ3TW9W4I5kCfMOjO0tp0zuu47QPdOE-n4OOWLtcB_R6idpauIKIxOiJdqS22g9G2o2_erQ32N-R8Aybg7V-_Jh-z6fvjSzZfPr8-1vNMpRBV1o4lCpAKOPIJqDJPmXNgAioQZQGKqXFRbsZSqnxSVaUsBEBRrJUUWIzbXBTXhJ_-Ku9C8LhpvrzuwR8azpojwGbXJIDNEeDxlAAmzcNJg8nYXqNvgtJoFbbao4pN6_Q_6l8qoH4P |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.eswa.2015.12.039 10.1109/TAES.2024.3427090 10.1016/S0004-3702(98)00056-3 10.1016/j.eswa.2013.10.014 10.1007/s13721-016-0125-6 10.23919/JSEE.2020.000010 10.1016/0377-2217(94)90385-9 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.05.029 10.1016/j.cor.2017.04.006 10.1016/j.ejor.2018.11.058 10.1016/j.jmathb.2014.08.003 10.1109/TAES.2023.3326422 10.1093/nsr/nwae132 10.1109/TAES.2015.130751 10.1109/TSMC.2020.3020732 10.1108/BL-03-2020-0022 10.1109/TII.2020.2998818 10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.01554 10.1109/TEVC.2024.3497793 10.1007/s11704-024-40231-1 10.1016/j.ejor.2016.07.012 10.1016/j.cor.2019.05.030 10.3390/math10193498 10.1038/s41586-023-06924-6 10.1016/j.asr.2023.11.016 10.1016/S1270-9638(02)01173-2 10.1155/2021/8812542 10.1016/j.cor.2018.06.020 10.1007/978-3-031-70068-2_12 10.1016/j.cie.2017.09.050 10.1109/ICSME.2017.56 10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274 10.1016/j.ast.2014.06.002 10.1016/j.cie.2022.108823 10.3390/electronics12030518 10.1016/j.cie.2011.02.015 10.1109/JSYST.2020.2997050 10.1145/3638530.3654238 10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112809 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2928992 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2025 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2025 |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_eng_2025_10_027 S2095809925006654 |
| GroupedDBID | -SC -S~ 0R~ 1-T 5VR 6I. 92H 92I AAEDW AAFTH AALRI AAXUO AAYWO ABMAC ACGFS ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADVLN AEUPX AEXQZ AFJKZ AFPUW AFTJW AFUIB AIGII AITUG AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ BCNDV CAJEC CCEZO CEKLB EBS EJD FDB GROUPED_DOAJ IPNFZ M41 O9- OK1 Q-- RIG ROL SSZ TCJ TGT U1G U5M AAYXX CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c2097-d49e5a9ca1e18ac621012a05a7a563ac0c436f499c28776935aa33bc95e34d253 |
| ISSN | 2095-8099 |
| IngestDate | Thu Nov 27 01:03:41 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 17:14:35 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Multi-Agent Framework Large language models Automatic algorithm design |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2097-d49e5a9ca1e18ac621012a05a7a563ac0c436f499c28776935aa33bc95e34d253 |
| ORCID | 0009-0004-4236-6235 0000-0002-4313-8312 0000-0001-7722-5775 0000-0002-6983-4244 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eng_2025_10_027 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_eng_2025_10_027 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-11-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2025 text: 2025-11-00 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Engineering (Beijing, China) |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Castelfranchi (b0225) 1998; 103 Li G, Hammoud H, Itani H, Khizbullin D, Ghanem B. Camel: communicative agents for “mind” exploration of large scale language model society. arXiv:2303.17760. Xhafa, Sun, Barolli, Biberaj, Barolli (b0030) 2012; 8 Liu F, Tong X, Yuan M, Zhang Q. Algorithm evolution using large language model. arXiv:2311.15249. Romera-Paredes, Barekatain, Novikov, Balog, Kumar, Dupont (b0105) 2024; 625 Jonsson, Norqvist, Liljekvist, Lithner (b0100) 2014; 36 Chen W, Su Y, Zuo J, Yang C, Yuan C, Qian C, et al. AgentVerse: facilitating multi-agent collaboration and exploring emergent behaviors in agents. arXiv:2308.10848 Wei, Wang, Schuurmans, Bosma, Xia, Chi (b0275) 2022; 35 Kasneci, Seßler, Kchemann, Bannert, Dementieva, Fischer (b0090) 2023; 103 van Stein, Bäck (b0220) 2025; 29 Globus, Crawford, Lohn, Morris (b0160) 2002 Wu, Lu, Zhang, Yang, Xing (b0190) 2020; 31 Peng, Dewil, Verbeeck, Gunawan, Xing, Vansteenwegen (b0195) 2019; 111 Qian C, Cong X, Yang C, Chen W, Su Y, Xu J, et al. Communicative agents for software development. arXiv:2307.07924 Burke, Bykov (b0310) 2017; 258 Wu, Wang, Pedrycz, Li, Wang (b0035) 2017; 113 Luo (b0095) 2016; 5 Wang, Reinelt, Gao, Tan (b0180) 2011; 61 Chen M, Tworek J, Jun H, Yuan Q, Pinto HPDO, Kaplan J, et al. Evaluating large language models trained on code. arXiv:2107.03374. Perea, Vázquez, Galán-Viogue (b0145) 2015; 51 Zhang R, Liu F, Lin X, Wang Z, Lu Z, Zhang Q. Understanding the importance of evolutionary search in automated heuristic design with large language models. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN 2024); 2024 Sep 14–18; Hagenberg, Austria. Berlin: Springer; 2024. p. 185–202. Linares, Vázquez, Perea, Galán-Vioque (b0205) 2024; 60 Li, Yang, Wang, Zhu, Zhou, Qiao (b0260) 2024 Dwivedi AK, Virmani D, Ramasamy A, Acharjee PB, Tiwari M. Modelling and analysis of artificial intelligence approaches in enhancing the speech recognition for effective multi-functional machine learning platform–a multi regression modelling approach. J Eng Res 2011;ICMET Special Issue:1–19. Vazquez, Perea, Galán (b0200) 2014; 39 Fratty, Saar, Kumar, Arnon (b0305) 2023; 12 Lemaître, Verfaillie, Jouhaud, Lachiver, Bataille (b0175) 2002; 6 Liu F, Zhang R, Xie Z, Sun R, Li K, Lin X, et al. LLM4AD: a platform for algorithm design with large language model. arXiv:2412.17287. Brahmachary S, Joshi SM, Panda A, Koneripalli K, Sagotra AK, Patel H, et al. Large language model-based evolutionary optimizer: reasoning with elitism. arXiv:2403.02054. Liu A, Feng B, Xue B, Wang B, Wu B, Lu C, et al. DeepSeek-V3 technical report. arXiv:2412.19437. Chatterjee, Tharmarasa (b0150) 2024; 73 Wu, Song, Zhang, Ou, Chen, Yao (b0165) 2022; 174 He, Xing, Chen, Pedrycz, Wang, Wu (b0050) 2022; 52 Ye H, Wang J, Cao Z, Berto F, Hua C, Kim H, et al. ReEvo: large language models as hyper-heuristics with reflective evolution. arXiv:2402.01145. Chen, Chen, Wen, He, Liu (b0055) 2022; 10 Austin J, Odena A, Nye M, Bosma M, Michalewski H, Dohan D, et al. Program synthesis with large language models. arXiv:2108.07732. Wang, Ma, Feng, Zhang, Yang, Zhang (b0135) 2024; 18 Hall, Magazine (b0170) 1994; 78 Li, Zhu, Xu, Wang, Li, Zhang (b0125) 2024; 60 Hong S, Zheng X, Chen J, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhang C, et al. MetaGPT: meta programming for multi-agent collaborative framework. arXiv:2308.00352. Cho, Kim, Choi, Ahn (b0015) 2018; 15 Huang D, Bu Q, Zhang JM, Luck M, Cui H. AgentCoder: multi-agent-based code generation with iterative testing and optimisation. arXiv:2312.13010. Zhai, Chu, Chai, Jong, Istenic, Spector (b0065) 2021; 2021 Wu, Zhang, Yang, Xing (b0020) 2019; 7 Galán-Vioque, Vázquez, Carrizosa, Vera, Perea, Martín (b0140) 2011 Yang, Wang, Jiang, Song, Meng (b0070) 2020; 17 Tang, Yao (b0060) 2024; 11(8):nwae132 Zhu, Li, Baoyin (b0010) 2010; 66 Liu F, Xialiang T, Yuan M, Lin X, Luo F, Wang Z, et al. Evolution of heuristics: towards efficient automatic algorithm design using large language model. In: Salakhutdinov R, Kolter Z, Heller K, Weller A, Oliver N, Scarlett J. Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning; 2024 Jul 21–27; Vienna, Austria. Norfolk: JMLR.org; 2024. p. 1–23. Hurst A, Lerer A, Goucher AP, Perelman A, Ramesh A, Clark A, et al. GPT-4o system card. arXiv:2410.21276. Liu, Laporte, Chen, He (b0155) 2017; 86 Ouyang, Wu, Jiang, Almeida, Wainwright, Mishkin (b0280) 2022; 35 Grattafiori A, Dubey A, Jauhri A, Pandey A, Kadian A, Al-Dahle A, et al. The llama 3 herd of models. arXiv:2407.21783. Wang, Wu, Xing, Pedrycz (b0005) 2021; 15 Chen, Reinelt, Dai, Spitz (b0045) 2019; 275 Lange, Tian, Tang (b0250) 2024 Chen, Wang, Chen, He, Du, Wu (b0300) 2025; 309 Xu, Chen, Liang, Wang (b0025) 2016; 51 He, Liu, Laporte, Chen, Chen (b0185) 2018; 100 Zhang, Zhang, Feng (b0040) 2014; 41 Li Q, Zhang L, Mak-Hau V. Synthesizing mixed-integer linear programming models from natural language descriptions. arXiv:2311.15271. Campbell, Treude (b0085) 2017 Stone, Aravopoulou, Ekinci, Evans, Hobbs, Labib (b0080) 2020; 33 Zhang (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0040) 2014; 41 Yang (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0070) 2020; 17 Liu (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0155) 2017; 86 He (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0185) 2018; 100 Fratty (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0305) 2023; 12 Xu (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0025) 2016; 51 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0270 Wu (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0020) 2019; 7 Xhafa (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0030) 2012; 8 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0110 Peng (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0195) 2019; 111 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0230 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0075 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0115 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0235 Vazquez (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0200) 2014; 39 Wu (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0165) 2022; 174 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0315 Castelfranchi (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0225) 1998; 103 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0290 Romera-Paredes (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0105) 2024; 625 Wang (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0135) 2024; 18 Wang (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0005) 2021; 15 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0085 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0160 Lemaître (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0175) 2002; 6 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0120 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0285 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0240 Cho (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0015) 2018; 15 Wu (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0190) 2020; 31 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0245 Perea (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0145) 2015; 51 Chatterjee (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0150) 2024; 73 Chen (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0045) 2019; 275 He (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0050) 2022; 52 Zhai (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0065) 2021; 2021 Stone (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0080) 2020; 33 Chen (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0300) 2025; 309 Linares (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0205) 2024; 60 Ouyang (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0280) 2022; 35 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0250 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0210 Wu (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0035) 2017; 113 Tang (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0060) 2024; 11 Li (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0125) 2024; 60 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0130 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0295 Jonsson (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0100) 2014; 36 Wang (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0180) 2011; 61 Luo (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0095) 2016; 5 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0255 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0215 Kasneci (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0090) 2023; 103 van Stein (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0220) 2025; 29 Hall (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0170) 1994; 78 Zhu (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0010) 2010; 66 Burke (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0310) 2017; 258 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0140 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0260 Chen (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0055) 2022; 10 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0265 Wei (10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0275) 2022; 35 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 628 year: 2017 end-page: 632 ident: b0085 publication-title: NLP2Code: code snippet content assist via natural language tasks – volume: 60 start-page: 8273 year: 2024 end-page: 8288 ident: b0125 article-title: Earth observation satellite scheduling with interval-varying profits publication-title: IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst – volume: 174 year: 2022 ident: b0165 article-title: A data-driven improved genetic algorithm for agile earth observation satellite scheduling with time-dependent transition time publication-title: Comput Ind Eng – volume: 12 start-page: 518 year: 2023 ident: b0305 article-title: Random routing algorithm for enhancing the cybersecurity of LEO satellite networks publication-title: Electronics – reference: Brahmachary S, Joshi SM, Panda A, Koneripalli K, Sagotra AK, Patel H, et al. Large language model-based evolutionary optimizer: reasoning with elitism. arXiv:2403.02054. – volume: 11(8):nwae132 year: 2024 ident: b0060 article-title: Learn to optimize-a brief overview publication-title: Natl Sci Rev – volume: 66 start-page: 220 year: 2010 end-page: 229 ident: b0010 article-title: Satellite scheduling considering maximum observation coverage time and minimum orbital transfer fuel cost publication-title: Acta Astronaut – volume: 73 start-page: 2024 year: 2024 end-page: 2039 ident: b0150 article-title: Multi-stage optimization framework of satellite scheduling for large areas of interest publication-title: Adv Space Res – reference: Qian C, Cong X, Yang C, Chen W, Su Y, Xu J, et al. Communicative agents for software development. arXiv:2307.07924 – volume: 35 start-page: 24824 year: 2022 end-page: 24837 ident: b0275 article-title: Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models publication-title: Adv Neural Inf Process Syst – volume: 52 start-page: 1463 year: 2022 end-page: 1474 ident: b0050 article-title: A generic markov decision process model and reinforcement learning method for scheduling agile earth observation satellites publication-title: IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst – start-page: 579 year: 2024 end-page: 582 ident: b0250 publication-title: Large language models as evolution strategies – reference: Liu F, Tong X, Yuan M, Zhang Q. Algorithm evolution using large language model. arXiv:2311.15249. – reference: Huang D, Bu Q, Zhang JM, Luck M, Cui H. AgentCoder: multi-agent-based code generation with iterative testing and optimisation. arXiv:2312.13010. – volume: 113 start-page: 576 year: 2017 end-page: 588 ident: b0035 article-title: Satellite observation scheduling with a novel adaptive simulated annealing algorithm and a dynamic task clustering strategy publication-title: Comput Ind Eng – volume: 39 start-page: 567 year: 2014 end-page: 574 ident: b0200 article-title: Resolution of an antenna–satellite assignment problem by means of integer linear programming publication-title: Aerosp Sci Technol – reference: Chen W, Su Y, Zuo J, Yang C, Yuan C, Qian C, et al. AgentVerse: facilitating multi-agent collaboration and exploring emergent behaviors in agents. arXiv:2308.10848 – volume: 15 start-page: 611 year: 2018 end-page: 626 ident: b0015 article-title: Optimization-based scheduling method for agile earth-observing satellite constellation publication-title: J Aerosp Inf Syst – volume: 29 start-page: 331 year: 2025 end-page: 345 ident: b0220 article-title: LLaMEA: a large language model evolutionary algorithm for automatically generating metaheuristics publication-title: IEEE Trans Evol Comput – reference: Li Q, Zhang L, Mak-Hau V. Synthesizing mixed-integer linear programming models from natural language descriptions. arXiv:2311.15271. – volume: 275 start-page: 694 year: 2019 end-page: 707 ident: b0045 article-title: A mixed integer linear programming model for multi-satellite scheduling publication-title: Eur J Oper Res – volume: 51 start-page: 195 year: 2016 end-page: 206 ident: b0025 article-title: Priority-based constructive algorithms for scheduling agile earth observation satellites with total priority maximization publication-title: Expert Syst Appl – reference: Ye H, Wang J, Cao Z, Berto F, Hua C, Kim H, et al. ReEvo: large language models as hyper-heuristics with reflective evolution. arXiv:2402.01145. – start-page: 16426 year: 2024 end-page: 16435 ident: b0260 publication-title: Auto MC-Reward: automated dense reward design with large language models for minecraft – reference: Grattafiori A, Dubey A, Jauhri A, Pandey A, Kadian A, Al-Dahle A, et al. The llama 3 herd of models. arXiv:2407.21783. – volume: 61 start-page: 322 year: 2011 end-page: 335 ident: b0180 article-title: A model, a heuristic and a decision support system to solve the scheduling problem of an earth observing satellite constellation publication-title: Comput Ind Eng – volume: 10 start-page: 3498 year: 2022 ident: b0055 article-title: A heuristic construction neural network method for the time-dependent agile earth observation satellite scheduling problem publication-title: Mathematics – volume: 8 start-page: 351 year: 2012 end-page: 377 ident: b0030 article-title: Genetic algorithms for satellite scheduling problems publication-title: Mob Inf Syst – reference: Liu F, Xialiang T, Yuan M, Lin X, Luo F, Wang Z, et al. Evolution of heuristics: towards efficient automatic algorithm design using large language model. In: Salakhutdinov R, Kolter Z, Heller K, Weller A, Oliver N, Scarlett J. Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning; 2024 Jul 21–27; Vienna, Austria. Norfolk: JMLR.org; 2024. p. 1–23. – volume: 2021 year: 2021 ident: b0065 article-title: A review of artificial intelligence (AI) in education from 2010 to 2020 publication-title: Complexity – volume: 17 start-page: 2204 year: 2020 end-page: 2219 ident: b0070 article-title: Visual perception enabled industry intelligence: state of the art, challenges and prospects publication-title: IEEE Trans Industr Inform – reference: Liu F, Zhang R, Xie Z, Sun R, Li K, Lin X, et al. LLM4AD: a platform for algorithm design with large language model. arXiv:2412.17287. – year: 2002 ident: b0160 article-title: Scheduling earth observing fleets using evolutionary algorithms: problem description and approach – volume: 60 start-page: 463 year: 2024 end-page: 473 ident: b0205 article-title: A mixed integer linear programming model for resolution of the antenna-satellite scheduling problem publication-title: IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst – reference: Dwivedi AK, Virmani D, Ramasamy A, Acharjee PB, Tiwari M. Modelling and analysis of artificial intelligence approaches in enhancing the speech recognition for effective multi-functional machine learning platform–a multi regression modelling approach. J Eng Res 2011;ICMET Special Issue:1–19. – volume: 111 start-page: 84 year: 2019 end-page: 98 ident: b0195 article-title: Agile earth observation satellite scheduling: an orienteering problem with time-dependent profits and travel times publication-title: Comput Oper Res – reference: Li G, Hammoud H, Itani H, Khizbullin D, Ghanem B. Camel: communicative agents for “mind” exploration of large scale language model society. arXiv:2303.17760. – reference: Hurst A, Lerer A, Goucher AP, Perelman A, Ramesh A, Clark A, et al. GPT-4o system card. arXiv:2410.21276. – volume: 103 year: 2023 ident: b0090 article-title: ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education publication-title: Learn Individ Differ – reference: Chen M, Tworek J, Jun H, Yuan Q, Pinto HPDO, Kaplan J, et al. Evaluating large language models trained on code. arXiv:2107.03374. – volume: 78 start-page: 224 year: 1994 end-page: 241 ident: b0170 article-title: Maximizing the value of a space mission publication-title: Eur J Oper Res – volume: 100 start-page: 12 year: 2018 end-page: 25 ident: b0185 article-title: An improved adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for multiple agile satellites scheduling publication-title: Comput Oper Res – volume: 41 start-page: 2816 year: 2014 end-page: 2823 ident: b0040 article-title: Multi-satellite control resource scheduling based on ant colony optimization publication-title: Expert Syst Appl – volume: 51 start-page: 1717 year: 2015 end-page: 1725 ident: b0145 article-title: Swath-acquisition planning in multiple-satellite missions: an exact and heuristic approach publication-title: IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst – volume: 103 start-page: 157 year: 1998 end-page: 182 ident: b0225 article-title: Modelling social action for ai agents publication-title: Artif Intell – volume: 31 start-page: 321 year: 2020 end-page: 334 ident: b0190 article-title: Design of task priority model and algorithm for imaging observation problem publication-title: J Syst Eng Electron – reference: Austin J, Odena A, Nye M, Bosma M, Michalewski H, Dohan D, et al. Program synthesis with large language models. arXiv:2108.07732. – volume: 7 start-page: 103031 year: 2019 end-page: 103046 ident: b0020 article-title: Research on task priority model and algorithm for satellite scheduling problem publication-title: IEEE Access – volume: 5 start-page: 18 year: 2016 ident: b0095 article-title: A review of automatic selection methods for machine learning algorithms and hyper-parameter values publication-title: Netw Model Anal Health Inform Bioinform – volume: 6 start-page: 367 year: 2002 end-page: 381 ident: b0175 article-title: Selecting and scheduling observations of agile satellites publication-title: Aerosp Sci Technol – reference: Liu A, Feng B, Xue B, Wang B, Wu B, Lu C, et al. DeepSeek-V3 technical report. arXiv:2412.19437. – volume: 86 start-page: 41 year: 2017 end-page: 53 ident: b0155 article-title: An adaptive large neighborhood search metaheuristic for agile satellite scheduling with time-dependent transition time publication-title: Comput Oper Res – volume: 258 start-page: 70 year: 2017 end-page: 78 ident: b0310 article-title: The late acceptance hill-climbing heuristic publication-title: Eur J Oper Res – volume: 18 year: 2024 ident: b0135 article-title: A survey on large language model based autonomous agents publication-title: Front Comput Sci – reference: Hong S, Zheng X, Chen J, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhang C, et al. MetaGPT: meta programming for multi-agent collaborative framework. arXiv:2308.00352. – volume: 15 start-page: 3881 year: 2021 end-page: 3892 ident: b0005 article-title: Agile earth observation satellite scheduling over 20 years: formulations, methods, and future directions publication-title: IEEE Syst J – volume: 625 start-page: 468 year: 2024 end-page: 475 ident: b0105 article-title: Mathematical discoveries from program search with large language models publication-title: Nature – start-page: 1 year: 2011 end-page: 8 ident: b0140 publication-title: Towards a visual tool for swath acquisition planning in multiple-mission EOSs – volume: 33 start-page: 183 year: 2020 end-page: 200 ident: b0080 article-title: Artificial intelligence (AI) in strategic marketing decision-making: a research agenda publication-title: Bottom line – reference: Zhang R, Liu F, Lin X, Wang Z, Lu Z, Zhang Q. Understanding the importance of evolutionary search in automated heuristic design with large language models. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN 2024); 2024 Sep 14–18; Hagenberg, Austria. Berlin: Springer; 2024. p. 185–202. – volume: 35 start-page: 27730 year: 2022 end-page: 27744 ident: b0280 article-title: Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback publication-title: Adv Neural Inf Process Syst – volume: 309 year: 2025 ident: b0300 article-title: A generalized bilevel optimization model for largescale task scheduling in multiple agile earth observation satellites publication-title: Knowl Base Syst – volume: 36 start-page: 20 year: 2014 end-page: 32 ident: b0100 article-title: Learning mathematics through algorithmic and creative reasoning publication-title: J Math Behav – volume: 51 start-page: 195 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0025 article-title: Priority-based constructive algorithms for scheduling agile earth observation satellites with total priority maximization publication-title: Expert Syst Appl doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2015.12.039 – volume: 60 start-page: 8273 issue: 6 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0125 article-title: Earth observation satellite scheduling with interval-varying profits publication-title: IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst doi: 10.1109/TAES.2024.3427090 – volume: 103 start-page: 157 issue: 1–2 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0225 article-title: Modelling social action for ai agents publication-title: Artif Intell doi: 10.1016/S0004-3702(98)00056-3 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0315 – volume: 41 start-page: 2816 issue: 6 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0040 article-title: Multi-satellite control resource scheduling based on ant colony optimization publication-title: Expert Syst Appl doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2013.10.014 – volume: 5 start-page: 18 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0095 article-title: A review of automatic selection methods for machine learning algorithms and hyper-parameter values publication-title: Netw Model Anal Health Inform Bioinform doi: 10.1007/s13721-016-0125-6 – volume: 31 start-page: 321 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0190 article-title: Design of task priority model and algorithm for imaging observation problem publication-title: J Syst Eng Electron doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2020.000010 – volume: 15 start-page: 611 issue: 11 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0015 article-title: Optimization-based scheduling method for agile earth-observing satellite constellation publication-title: J Aerosp Inf Syst – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0075 – volume: 78 start-page: 224 issue: 2 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0170 article-title: Maximizing the value of a space mission publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(94)90385-9 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0245 – volume: 66 start-page: 220 issue: 1–2 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0010 article-title: Satellite scheduling considering maximum observation coverage time and minimum orbital transfer fuel cost publication-title: Acta Astronaut doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.05.029 – volume: 86 start-page: 41 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0155 article-title: An adaptive large neighborhood search metaheuristic for agile satellite scheduling with time-dependent transition time publication-title: Comput Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2017.04.006 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0160 – volume: 275 start-page: 694 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0045 article-title: A mixed integer linear programming model for multi-satellite scheduling publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2018.11.058 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0235 – volume: 35 start-page: 24824 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0275 article-title: Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models publication-title: Adv Neural Inf Process Syst – volume: 36 start-page: 20 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0100 article-title: Learning mathematics through algorithmic and creative reasoning publication-title: J Math Behav doi: 10.1016/j.jmathb.2014.08.003 – volume: 60 start-page: 463 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0205 article-title: A mixed integer linear programming model for resolution of the antenna-satellite scheduling problem publication-title: IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst doi: 10.1109/TAES.2023.3326422 – volume: 11 issue: 8 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0060 article-title: Learn to optimize-a brief overview publication-title: Natl Sci Rev doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae132 – volume: 51 start-page: 1717 issue: 3 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0145 article-title: Swath-acquisition planning in multiple-satellite missions: an exact and heuristic approach publication-title: IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst doi: 10.1109/TAES.2015.130751 – volume: 52 start-page: 1463 issue: 3 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0050 article-title: A generic markov decision process model and reinforcement learning method for scheduling agile earth observation satellites publication-title: IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2020.3020732 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0270 – volume: 33 start-page: 183 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0080 article-title: Artificial intelligence (AI) in strategic marketing decision-making: a research agenda publication-title: Bottom line doi: 10.1108/BL-03-2020-0022 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0295 – volume: 17 start-page: 2204 issue: 3 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0070 article-title: Visual perception enabled industry intelligence: state of the art, challenges and prospects publication-title: IEEE Trans Industr Inform doi: 10.1109/TII.2020.2998818 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0140 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0260 doi: 10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.01554 – volume: 29 start-page: 331 issue: 2 year: 2025 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0220 article-title: LLaMEA: a large language model evolutionary algorithm for automatically generating metaheuristics publication-title: IEEE Trans Evol Comput doi: 10.1109/TEVC.2024.3497793 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0215 – volume: 18 issue: 6 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0135 article-title: A survey on large language model based autonomous agents publication-title: Front Comput Sci doi: 10.1007/s11704-024-40231-1 – volume: 258 start-page: 70 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0310 article-title: The late acceptance hill-climbing heuristic publication-title: Eur J Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2016.07.012 – volume: 111 start-page: 84 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0195 article-title: Agile earth observation satellite scheduling: an orienteering problem with time-dependent profits and travel times publication-title: Comput Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2019.05.030 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0285 – volume: 10 start-page: 3498 issue: 19 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0055 article-title: A heuristic construction neural network method for the time-dependent agile earth observation satellite scheduling problem publication-title: Mathematics doi: 10.3390/math10193498 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0130 – volume: 35 start-page: 27730 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0280 article-title: Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback publication-title: Adv Neural Inf Process Syst – volume: 625 start-page: 468 issue: 7995 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0105 article-title: Mathematical discoveries from program search with large language models publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06924-6 – volume: 73 start-page: 2024 issue: 3 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0150 article-title: Multi-stage optimization framework of satellite scheduling for large areas of interest publication-title: Adv Space Res doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2023.11.016 – volume: 6 start-page: 367 issue: 5 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0175 article-title: Selecting and scheduling observations of agile satellites publication-title: Aerosp Sci Technol doi: 10.1016/S1270-9638(02)01173-2 – volume: 2021 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0065 article-title: A review of artificial intelligence (AI) in education from 2010 to 2020 publication-title: Complexity doi: 10.1155/2021/8812542 – volume: 100 start-page: 12 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0185 article-title: An improved adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for multiple agile satellites scheduling publication-title: Comput Oper Res doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2018.06.020 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0290 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0115 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0120 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0265 doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-70068-2_12 – volume: 113 start-page: 576 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0035 article-title: Satellite observation scheduling with a novel adaptive simulated annealing algorithm and a dynamic task clustering strategy publication-title: Comput Ind Eng doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2017.09.050 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0210 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0085 doi: 10.1109/ICSME.2017.56 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0255 – volume: 103 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0090 article-title: ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education publication-title: Learn Individ Differ doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274 – volume: 39 start-page: 567 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0200 article-title: Resolution of an antenna–satellite assignment problem by means of integer linear programming publication-title: Aerosp Sci Technol doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2014.06.002 – volume: 174 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0165 article-title: A data-driven improved genetic algorithm for agile earth observation satellite scheduling with time-dependent transition time publication-title: Comput Ind Eng doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2022.108823 – volume: 12 start-page: 518 issue: 3 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0305 article-title: Random routing algorithm for enhancing the cybersecurity of LEO satellite networks publication-title: Electronics doi: 10.3390/electronics12030518 – volume: 61 start-page: 322 issue: 2 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0180 article-title: A model, a heuristic and a decision support system to solve the scheduling problem of an earth observing satellite constellation publication-title: Comput Ind Eng doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2011.02.015 – volume: 15 start-page: 3881 issue: 3 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0005 article-title: Agile earth observation satellite scheduling over 20 years: formulations, methods, and future directions publication-title: IEEE Syst J doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2020.2997050 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0250 doi: 10.1145/3638530.3654238 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0240 – volume: 309 year: 2025 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0300 article-title: A generalized bilevel optimization model for largescale task scheduling in multiple agile earth observation satellites publication-title: Knowl Base Syst doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112809 – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0110 – volume: 8 start-page: 351 issue: 4 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0030 article-title: Genetic algorithms for satellite scheduling problems publication-title: Mob Inf Syst – ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0230 – volume: 7 start-page: 103031 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027_b0020 article-title: Research on task priority model and algorithm for satellite scheduling problem publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2928992 |
| SSID | ssj0001510708 |
| Score | 2.3167517 |
| Snippet | The Earth observation satellite scheduling problem (EOSSP) is a complex optimization problem involving the selection, sequencing, and timing of observational... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Index Database Publisher |
| SubjectTerms | Automatic algorithm design Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Large language models Multi-Agent Framework |
| Title | A Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Framework to Autonomously Design Algorithms for Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Problem |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.027 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals issn: 2095-8099 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20150101 customDbUrl: isFulltext: true dateEnd: 99991231 titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001510708 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwELaWwgEOiKcoL_nAiSirbJyXj6EUcahKpS5Se1pNHO-S1SqptkkpR078bWbsvFhAAiQu1sqSHcnzrefh-WYYe7X0IplB5rkySjw3kPnMhdlSukIQE12jhspNdf2j-Pg4OTuTJ5PJ144Lc7WJyzK5vpYX_1XUOIfCJursX4i73xQn8DcKHUcUO45_JPjUOaLsbhxtJNK0O9u4pK5yx_Bt3ZT4VGSz2rwssj_TpiZ6Q9Vcbr7gJURpHU66WVXbov5kazY4h0BPPB-yPo7rnIKp51mbYp6oswy1_cS2qPkh5D8UPSSL9o0u1m0rFdO-exSNOOjIIgV81sXu7DmuWjXV8JJh0fy2Uc58W7U6mMJFbZ7xOZTrQo8DG37YMvz6aFvHuBnSm_BS9NEkRK1qmyr9dP3bSMR6qsvVlLacUuKerT2wU1X7lDaifdAENB2Yb7CbfhxKOfLKLdEc_WPb17D7cvc2brIEd770a-tmZLHM77G7ravBUwuR-2yiywfszkgWD9m3lBuw8A4sfAQWPgIL78HC64qPwcItWPgAFo5g4QYsfAQW3oOFD2DhLVgesY_vDucH7922NYer8BxiNw-kDkEqmOlZAiryqUwceCHEEEYClKcCES3Rm1bokVO7zRBAiEzJUIsg90PxmO2VVamfMJ4FiQaRBD557lp6IH0dg8x95WXCU7DPXndHuriwFVgWXWriGv_wqwWdP03h-e-zoDv0RWtCWtNwgRD5_bKn_7bsGbs9APc526u3jX7BbqmrurjcvjRA-g7VY5Zu |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Large+Language+Model-based+Multi-Agent+Framework+to+Autonomously+Design+Algorithms+for+Earth+Observation+Satellite+Scheduling+Problem&rft.jtitle=Engineering+%28Beijing%2C+China%29&rft.au=Chen%2C+Jiawei&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yingguo&rft.au=Pham%2C+Duc+Trong&rft.au=Song%2C+Yanjie&rft.date=2025-11-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=2095-8099&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.eng.2025.10.027&rft.externalDocID=S2095809925006654 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2095-8099&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2095-8099&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2095-8099&client=summon |