A Tailored Pricing Strategy for Different Types of Users in Hybrid Carsharing Systems

Considering the characteristics of different types of users in hybrid carsharing systems, in which sharing autonomous vehicles (SAVs) and conventional sharing cars (CSCs) coexist, a tailored pricing strategy (TPS) is proposed to maximize the operator’s profit and minimize all users’ costs. The fleet...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Algorithms Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 172
Main Authors: Lu, Rongqin, Zhao, Xiaomei, Wang, Yingqi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 20.05.2022
Subjects:
Automobiles
Autonomous vehicles
Car sharing
Case studies
conventional sharing cars
Genetic algorithms
hybrid carsharing systems
Hybrid systems
Incentives
Maintenance costs
Nonlinear programming
Price elasticity
Pricing
Profits
sharing autonomous vehicles
tailored pricing strategy
Travel
user clustering
China
ISSN:1999-4893, 1999-4893
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Considering the characteristics of different types of users in hybrid carsharing systems, in which sharing autonomous vehicles (SAVs) and conventional sharing cars (CSCs) coexist, a tailored pricing strategy (TPS) is proposed to maximize the operator’s profit and minimize all users’ costs. The fleet sizes and sizes of SAVs’ stations are also determined simultaneously. A bi-objective nonlinear programming model is established, and a genetic algorithm is applied to solve it. Based on the operational data in Lanzhou, China, carsharing users are clustered into three types. They are loyal users, losing users, and potential users, respectively. Results show the application of the TPS can help the operator increase profit and attract more users. The loyal users are assigned the highest price, while they still contribute the most to the operator’s profit with the highest number of carsharing trips. The losing users and potential users are comparable in terms of the number of trips, while the latter still makes more profit.
AbstractList Considering the characteristics of different types of users in hybrid carsharing systems, in which sharing autonomous vehicles (SAVs) and conventional sharing cars (CSCs) coexist, a tailored pricing strategy (TPS) is proposed to maximize the operator’s profit and minimize all users’ costs. The fleet sizes and sizes of SAVs’ stations are also determined simultaneously. A bi-objective nonlinear programming model is established, and a genetic algorithm is applied to solve it. Based on the operational data in Lanzhou, China, carsharing users are clustered into three types. They are loyal users, losing users, and potential users, respectively. Results show the application of the TPS can help the operator increase profit and attract more users. The loyal users are assigned the highest price, while they still contribute the most to the operator’s profit with the highest number of carsharing trips. The losing users and potential users are comparable in terms of the number of trips, while the latter still makes more profit.
Author Zhao, Xiaomei
Lu, Rongqin
Wang, Yingqi
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Rongqin
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2477-6968
  surname: Lu
  fullname: Lu, Rongqin
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Xiaomei
  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Xiaomei
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yingqi
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Yingqi
BookMark eNplkU9v1EAMxUeoSLSFA99gJE4clnqSTBIfq-VPK1UCid3zyDPxLLPaZhZPesi3J3ShQuVky3rv5yf7Qp2NeWSl3hr4UNcIV2QsWDBd9UKdG0RcNT3WZ__0r9RFKXuA1mJrztX2Wm8oHbLwoL9JCmnc6e-T0MS7Wccs-mOKkYXHSW_mIxedo94WlqLTqG9mL2nQa5Lyg-TROpeJ78tr9TLSofCbP_VSbT9_2qxvVndfv9yur-9WoYK6WoWeEczA7EPwto2AMPjItGzEANw1sWkHUwFgtKZCaoGYA9U9BmrbaOtLdXviDpn27ijpnmR2mZJ7HGTZOZIphQO7aEzjEb1l6xuLnpA88tAv0K7rfbew3p1YR8k_H7hMbp8fZFziu6rtABqsbL2ork6qILkU4ehCmmhKeVyOlg7OgPv9B_f0h8Xx_pnjb87_tb8AkpeJnw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_itor_13315
crossref_primary_10_3390_su142215308
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2025_103996
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15054192
Cites_doi 10.5267/j.ijdns.2018.10.001
10.1007/s11067-018-9401-6
10.1155/2019/7878042
10.1016/j.trc.2018.05.003
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125626
10.1109/IV47402.2020.9304814
10.1016/j.trd.2017.08.019
10.3141/2597-03
10.1007/s11116-021-10190-8
10.1016/j.trc.2018.10.016
10.2172/885762
10.1016/j.trb.2015.06.003
10.1109/FIT.2018.00019
10.1007/s11116-015-9607-0
10.23919/ACC.2019.8814392
10.1016/j.trc.2020.01.024
10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.12.015
10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.090
10.1016/j.tra.2011.09.019
10.1109/ITSC.2007.4357656
10.1007/s11116-016-9729-z
10.1016/j.trc.2019.12.020
10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569227
10.1109/COASE.2019.8843122
10.3390/a13020043
10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100820
10.1016/j.omega.2017.11.007
10.1016/j.trc.2018.02.020
10.1016/j.tra.2014.11.001
10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.757
10.1016/j.trb.2018.03.001
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7SC
7TB
7XB
8AL
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FK
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
JQ2
K7-
KR7
L6V
L7M
L~C
L~D
M0N
M7S
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
Q9U
DOA
DOI 10.3390/a15050172
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Computing Database (Alumni Edition)
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
ProQuest One
ProQuest Central
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer Science Database (ProQuest)
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Computing Database
Engineering Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Computer Science Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Computing
Engineering Database
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Computing (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList
Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Computer Science
EISSN 1999-4893
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_f114b99b5e5b459ba9ab9ed8a60778b7
10_3390_a15050172
GeographicLocations China
GeographicLocations_xml – name: China
GroupedDBID 23M
2WC
5VS
8FE
8FG
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACUHS
ADBBV
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMVHM
ARAPS
AZQEC
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CITATION
DWQXO
E3Z
ESX
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
IAO
J9A
K6V
K7-
KQ8
L6V
M7S
MODMG
M~E
OK1
OVT
P2P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PTHSS
TR2
TUS
3V.
7SC
7TB
7XB
8AL
8FD
8FK
FR3
ICD
JQ2
KR7
L7M
L~C
L~D
M0N
P62
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c2032-c8e901deebccb56f090dbfeaffe9c0e74f46d12009f5129a60aeeca389ca66f53
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 1999-4893
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:38:25 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 11:59:08 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:10:14 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:21:28 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2032-c8e901deebccb56f090dbfeaffe9c0e74f46d12009f5129a60aeeca389ca66f53
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-2477-6968
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/f114b99b5e5b459ba9ab9ed8a60778b7
PQID 2670049253
PQPubID 2032439
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_f114b99b5e5b459ba9ab9ed8a60778b7
proquest_journals_2670049253
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_a15050172
crossref_primary_10_3390_a15050172
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-05-20
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-05-20
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-05-20
  day: 20
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle Algorithms
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher MDPI AG
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
References Jian (ref_9) 2018; 19
Shaheen (ref_5) 2015; 42
Vasconcelos (ref_23) 2017; 57
Habib (ref_13) 2012; 46
Lu (ref_20) 2020; 9
Wang (ref_26) 2019; 2019
ref_36
ref_35
Shokoohyar (ref_33) 2018; 2
ref_31
ref_30
(ref_14) 2015; 71
Wood (ref_10) 2016; 2597
Shokoohyar (ref_34) 2020; 80
Gambella (ref_37) 2018; 81
Xu (ref_16) 2018; 111
ref_17
Schaller (ref_32) 2021; 102
Li (ref_4) 2020; 288
ref_15
Hyland (ref_25) 2018; 92
Wu (ref_12) 2021; 49
Liang (ref_38) 2020; 112
Li (ref_28) 2020; 2020
Hanna (ref_27) 2016; 49
Angelopoulos (ref_22) 2018; 97
Jorge (ref_11) 2015; 81
ref_3
ref_2
Huang (ref_18) 2018; 90
Schulte (ref_21) 2015; 30
ref_29
Jorge (ref_1) 2013; 13
ref_8
Duan (ref_19) 2020; 111
Fagnant (ref_24) 2018; 45
ref_7
ref_6
References_xml – ident: ref_7
– volume: 2
  start-page: 89
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Ride-sharing platforms from drivers’ perspective: Evidence from Uber and Lyft drivers
  publication-title: Int. J. Data Netw. Sci.
  doi: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2018.10.001
– volume: 19
  start-page: 611
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: An Integrated supply-demand approach to solving optimal relocations in station-based carsharing systems
  publication-title: Netw. Spat. Econ.
  doi: 10.1007/s11067-018-9401-6
– volume: 2019
  start-page: 7878042
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Exploring the performance of different on-demand transit services provided by a fleet of shared automated vehicles: An agent-based model
  publication-title: J. Adv. Transp.
  doi: 10.1155/2019/7878042
– volume: 92
  start-page: 278
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Dynamic autonomous vehicle fleet operations: Optimization-based strategies to assign AVs to immediate traveler demand requests
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2018.05.003
– volume: 288
  start-page: 125626
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: An innovative car sharing technological paradigm towards sustainable mobility
  publication-title: J. Clean. Prod.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125626
– ident: ref_8
  doi: 10.1109/IV47402.2020.9304814
– volume: 57
  start-page: 350
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: Environmental and financial impacts of adopting alternative vehicle technologies and relocation strategies in station-based one-way carsharing: An application in the city of Lisbon, Portugal
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.08.019
– volume: 2597
  start-page: 20
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Integrating automated toll discounts into a real-time ridesharing program
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Rec.
  doi: 10.3141/2597-03
– volume: 13
  start-page: 201
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Carsharing systems demand estimation and defined operations: A literature review
  publication-title: Eur. J. Transp. Infrast.
– volume: 49
  start-page: 679
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Dynamic pricing of free-floating carsharing networks with sensitivity to travellers’ attitudes towards risk
  publication-title: Transportation
  doi: 10.1007/s11116-021-10190-8
– volume: 97
  start-page: 175
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Incentivized vehicle relocation in vehicle sharing systems
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2018.10.016
– ident: ref_3
  doi: 10.2172/885762
– volume: 81
  start-page: 461
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Trip pricing of one-way station-based carsharing networks with zone and time of day price variations
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2015.06.003
– ident: ref_17
  doi: 10.1109/FIT.2018.00019
– volume: 42
  start-page: 519
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: One-way carsharing’s evolution and operator perspectives from the Americas
  publication-title: Transportation
  doi: 10.1007/s11116-015-9607-0
– ident: ref_30
  doi: 10.23919/ACC.2019.8814392
– volume: 112
  start-page: 260
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Automated taxis’ dial-a-ride problem with ride-sharing considering congestion-based dynamic travel times
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2020.01.024
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Can sharing a ride make for less traffic? Evidence from Uber and Lyft and implications for cities
  publication-title: Transp. Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.12.015
– ident: ref_6
– volume: 30
  start-page: 275
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Decision support for environmental-friendly vehicle relocations in free-floating car sharing systems: The case of Car2go
  publication-title: Procedia CIRP
  doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.090
– volume: 46
  start-page: 241
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Modelling users’ behaviour of a carsharing program: Application of a joint hazard and zero inflated dynamic ordered probability model
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2011.09.019
– volume: 9
  start-page: 134
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: Performance of one-way carsharing systems under combined strategy of pricing and relocations
  publication-title: Transp. B Transp. Dyn.
– ident: ref_35
  doi: 10.1109/ITSC.2007.4357656
– volume: 45
  start-page: 143
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Dynamic ride-sharing and fleet sizing for a system of shared autonomous vehicles in Austin, Texas
  publication-title: Transportation
  doi: 10.1007/s11116-016-9729-z
– volume: 111
  start-page: 397
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Centralized and decentralized autonomous dispatching strategy for dynamic autonomous taxi operation in hybrid request mode
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.12.020
– ident: ref_29
  doi: 10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569227
– ident: ref_31
  doi: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8843122
– ident: ref_2
  doi: 10.3390/a13020043
– ident: ref_15
– volume: 80
  start-page: 100820
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Impacts of trip characteristics and weather condition on ride-sourcing network: Evidence from Uber and Lyft
  publication-title: Res. Transp. Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100820
– volume: 81
  start-page: 234
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Optimizing relocation operations in electric car-sharing
  publication-title: Omega
  doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2017.11.007
– volume: 2020
  start-page: 3271608
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: An Efficient solving method to vehicle and passenger matching problem for sharing autonomous vehicle system
  publication-title: J. Adv. Transp.
– ident: ref_36
– volume: 90
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Solving the station-based one-way carsharing network planning problem with relocations and non-linear demand
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2018.02.020
– volume: 71
  start-page: 59
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Modelling users’ behaviour in inter-urban carsharing program: A stated preference approach
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2014.11.001
– volume: 49
  start-page: 254
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: Minimum cost matching for autonomous carsharing
  publication-title: IFAC-PapersOnLine
  doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.757
– volume: 111
  start-page: 60
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Electric vehicle fleet size and trip pricing for one-way carsharing services considering vehicle relocation and personnel assignment
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2018.03.001
SSID ssj0065961
Score 2.2328146
Snippet Considering the characteristics of different types of users in hybrid carsharing systems, in which sharing autonomous vehicles (SAVs) and conventional sharing...
SourceID doaj
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 172
SubjectTerms Automobiles
Autonomous vehicles
Car sharing
Case studies
conventional sharing cars
Genetic algorithms
hybrid carsharing systems
Hybrid systems
Incentives
Maintenance costs
Nonlinear programming
Price elasticity
Pricing
Profits
sharing autonomous vehicles
tailored pricing strategy
Travel
user clustering
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Engineering Database
  dbid: M7S
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3JTsMwELWgcOBCWUXZZCEOXCKSJrHjEypLxQkhQSVukZcxVEIttAWJv2cmcYoQiAvXxFGWicfv2Z73GDuWXZt67GURKatEWRd0ZAppoxThvXMJIEb3ldmEvLkpHh7UbZhwm4ZtlU1OrBK1G1uaIz_tUj0JKemlZy-vEblG0epqsNBYZEukkpBUW_fumkwsciWSWk0oRWp_qhH85MR5vo1BlVT_j0xcDS_99n8fbI2tBmDJe_WfsM4WYLTB2o1pAw99eJMNevxeD5Glg-Pk-Y5DFw8StR8cESy_DJYpM04cdcrHng-oJJMPR_z6gwq8-AWy4Sc9qS6tFc-32KB_dX9xHQVvhciSZ3pkC0Ak4ACMtSYXPlaxMx403kHZGGTmM-ESWjrxBAm0iDWA1QhvrBbC5-k2a43GI9hhvECGKKWNRYHUy8SZzjwIQF7qSHzOpx120nzt0gbhcfK_eC6RgFBgynlgOuxo3vSlVtv4rdE5hWzegASyqwPjyWMZ-lvpkecZpUwOuclyZbTSRoEr8EWkLIzssP0mmmXotdPyK5S7f5_eYytdKoOIc8wy-6w1m7zBAVu277PhdHJY_YSfgvfmIw
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title A Tailored Pricing Strategy for Different Types of Users in Hybrid Carsharing Systems
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2670049253
https://doaj.org/article/f114b99b5e5b459ba9ab9ed8a60778b7
Volume 15
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Computer Science Database (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: K7-
  dateStart: 20080301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/compscijour
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20080301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20080301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1999-4893
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0065961
  issn: 1999-4893
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20080301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1NS8NAEF1EPXjxW6zWsogHL6Fpk-xmj21tqYilaAv1FHY3s1iQVtoq9OJvdyZJi6LgxcsekgkbZrI788jOe4xdyboNHK4yj5hVvLAO2jOxtF6A5X2a1gBrdJeJTcheLx6NVP-L1BedCcvpgXPHVR0W7EYpE0FkwkgZrbRRkMZa-FLGJusj96Vagal8DxaRErWcRyhAUF_VWPZEhHa-ZZ-MpP_HHpwlls4-2y0qQt7I3-SAbcDkkO2t1BZ4sfiO2LDBB3qM8BpSTmLtmHN4wS275Fh68ptC62TBCVzO-dTxIfVS8vGEd5fUmcVbCGOf9Sx7NKcqP2bDTnvQ6nqFKIJnSezcszFgCk8BjLUmEs5XfmocaJxBWR9k6EKR1uifh6Ncjm7SAFZjXWK1EC4KTtjmZDqBU8ZjhHZSWl_EiJmMH-rQgQAElCmxxrmgxK5XzkpswRhOwhUvCSIH8muy9muJXa5NX3OajN-MmuTxtQExW2cXMN5JEe_kr3iXWHkVr6RYbvOkTs1GRLMYnP3HHOdsp05dDn6Em0iZbS5mb3DBtu37YjyfVdhWs93rP1SyLw7HO-lV6MjoI40fbbzfv73vP30CaAPe-w
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB5VBQkulKcItLBCIHGx6vix6z2gqrRUqVIiDonUm9nHLESq4uIEqvyp_kZm_AhCIG49cLXXh_XOfjOf1_N9AK9V4tJAuyxiZZUoS9BEtlAuSqm8936IVKOHxmxCTSbF-bn-tAXXfS8M_1bZY2ID1L5y_I18P-F-ElbSSw8uv0XsGsWnq72FRhsWY1xfEWVbvjs9pvV9kyQnH6ZHo6hzFYgcu4VHrkDKgR7ROmdzGWIdexvQhIDaxaiykEk_5EODwMnQyNggOkOJ3RkpA7tEEOTfytJC8b4aq6hHfplrOWzVi9JUx_uGiq2cOdZvOa-xBvgD-Zt0drLzv72I-3CvK5zFYRvpD2ALFw9hpzelEB1GPYLZoZia-UVVoxfsaU-pWXQSvGtBFbo47ixhVoI5-FJUQcy45VTMF2K05gY2cURs_6upm0dbRffHMLuRyT2B7UW1wKcgCmLASrlYFkQtbZyZLKBE4t2exfVCOoC3_eqWrhNWZ3-Pi5IIFgdCuQmEAbzaDL1s1UT-Nug9h8hmAAuANxeq-kvZ4UkZiMdarW2Ouc1ybY02VqMvaCJKFVYNYLePnrJDpWX5K3Se_fv2S7gzmn48K89OJ-PncDfhlo84J0Tdhe1V_R334Lb7sZov6xfNBhDw-aYD7ScddkY1
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9NAEB1VKUJcKJ8iUGCFQOJixfH3HhAqDVGjQpRDI5WT2Y9ZiFTFxQ6g_DV-HTP2OgiBuPXA1V4f1vt23oy98x7A8zwysaNdFrCySpBEqAJd5CaIKb23doyUo7vWbCKfz4vzc7nYgx99Lwwfq-xjYhuobWX4G_ko4n4SVtKLR84fi1hMpq8vvwTsIMV_Wns7jQ4ip7j9TuVb82o2obV-EUXTt2fHJ4F3GAgMO4cHpkDiQ4uojdFp5kIZWu1QOYfShJgnLsnsmH8gOCZGlYUK0SgieaOyzLFjBIX_fUrJk2gA-4vZ-8WHngeyVGbjTssojmU4UpR6pVxx_caArVHAHzzQktv04H9-Lbfgpk-pxVG3B27DHq7vwEFvVyF89LoLyyNxplYXVY1WsNs9kbbw4rxbQbm7mHizmI3g6rwRlRNLbkYVq7U42XJrmzhWdfNZ1e2jndb7PVheyeTuw2BdrfEBiIJq4zw3YVZQ0anDRCUOM6SK3LLsnouH8LJf6dJ4yXV2_rgoqfRiUJQ7UAzh2W7oZacz8rdBbxguuwEsDd5eqOpPpY80paMKV0upU0x1kkqtpNISbUETyfNC50M47JFU-njVlL9g9PDft5_CdcJX-W42P30ENyLuBQlTCrWHMNjUX_ExXDPfNqumfuJ3g4CPV420n-ttULY
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Tailored+Pricing+Strategy+for+Different+Types+of+Users+in+Hybrid+Carsharing+Systems&rft.jtitle=Algorithms&rft.au=Rongqin+Lu&rft.au=Xiaomei+Zhao&rft.au=Yingqi+Wang&rft.date=2022-05-20&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1999-4893&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=172&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fa15050172&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_f114b99b5e5b459ba9ab9ed8a60778b7
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4893&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4893&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4893&client=summon