Design of non-selective refocusing pulses with phase-free rotation axis by gradient ascent pulse engineering algorithm in parallel transmission at 7T

[Display omitted] ► We report a new MRI radiofrequency pulse design algorithm based on optimal control. ► Spin refocusing non-uniformities are addressed using tailored RF pulses. ► The target rotation matrix is synthesized with a phase-free rotation axis. ► In vitro spin-echo experiments demonstrate...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of magnetic resonance (1997) Jg. 230; S. 76 - 83
Hauptverfasser:	Massire, Aurélien, Cloos, Martijn A., Vignaud, Alexandre, Le Bihan, Denis, Amadon, Alexis, Boulant, Nicolas
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2013
Schlagworte:	Algorithms Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis Image Enhancement - instrumentation Image Enhancement - methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging - instrumentation Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Optimal control Parallel transmission Phantoms, Imaging Phase free Refocusing Reproducibility of Results RF inhomogeneities Sensitivity and Specificity Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted - instrumentation Spin echo Transducers Refocusing Spin echo Phase free RF inhomogeneities Optimal control Parallel transmission
ISSN:	1090-7807, 1096-0856, 1096-0856
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	[Display omitted] ► We report a new MRI radiofrequency pulse design algorithm based on optimal control. ► Spin refocusing non-uniformities are addressed using tailored RF pulses. ► The target rotation matrix is synthesized with a phase-free rotation axis. ► In vitro spin-echo experiments demonstrate the potential of the optimization algorithm. ► Performance obtained is quantified using Quantum Process Tomography. At ultra-high magnetic field (⩾7T), B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities cause undesired inhomogeneities in image signal and contrast. Tailored radiofrequency pulses exploiting parallel transmission have been shown to mitigate these phenomena. However, the design of large flip angle excitations, a prerequisite for many clinical applications, remains challenging due the non-linearity of the Bloch equation. In this work, we explore the potential of gradient ascent pulse engineering to design non-selective spin-echo refocusing pulses that simultaneously mitigate severe B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities. The originality of the method lays in the optimization of the rotation matrices themselves as opposed to magnetization states. Consequently, the commonly used linear class of large tip angle approximation can be eliminated from the optimization procedure. This approach, combined with optimal control, provides additional degrees of freedom by relaxing the phase constraint on the rotation axis, and allows the derivative of the performance criterion to be found analytically. The method was experimentally validated on an 8-channel transmit array at 7T, using a water phantom with B1 and ΔB0 inhomogeneities similar to those encountered in the human brain. For the first time in MRI, the rotation matrix itself on every voxel was measured by using Quantum Process Tomography. The results are complemented with a series of spin-echo measurements comparing the proposed method against commonly used alternatives. Both experiments confirm very good performance, while simultaneously maintaining a low energy deposition and pulse duration compared to well-known adiabatic solutions.
AbstractList	At ultra-high magnetic field (≥ 7T), B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities cause undesired inhomogeneities in image signal and contrast. Tailored radiofrequency pulses exploiting parallel transmission have been shown to mitigate these phenomena. However, the design of large flip angle excitations, a prerequisite for many clinical applications, remains challenging due the non-linearity of the Bloch equation. In this work, we explore the potential of gradient ascent pulse engineering to design non-selective spin-echo refocusing pulses that simultaneously mitigate severe B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities. The originality of the method lays in the optimization of the rotation matrices themselves as opposed to magnetization states. Consequently, the commonly used linear class of large tip angle approximation can be eliminated from the optimization procedure. This approach, combined with optimal control, provides additional degrees of freedom by relaxing the phase constraint on the rotation axis, and allows the derivative of the performance criterion to be found analytically. The method was experimentally validated on an 8-channel transmit array at 7T, using a water phantom with B1 and ΔB0 inhomogeneities similar to those encountered in the human brain. For the first time in MRI, the rotation matrix itself on every voxel was measured by using Quantum Process Tomography. The results are complemented with a series of spin-echo measurements comparing the proposed method against commonly used alternatives. Both experiments confirm very good performance, while simultaneously maintaining a low energy deposition and pulse duration compared to well-known adiabatic solutions. At ultra-high magnetic field (≥ 7T), B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities cause undesired inhomogeneities in image signal and contrast. Tailored radiofrequency pulses exploiting parallel transmission have been shown to mitigate these phenomena. However, the design of large flip angle excitations, a prerequisite for many clinical applications, remains challenging due the non-linearity of the Bloch equation. In this work, we explore the potential of gradient ascent pulse engineering to design non-selective spin-echo refocusing pulses that simultaneously mitigate severe B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities. The originality of the method lays in the optimization of the rotation matrices themselves as opposed to magnetization states. Consequently, the commonly used linear class of large tip angle approximation can be eliminated from the optimization procedure. This approach, combined with optimal control, provides additional degrees of freedom by relaxing the phase constraint on the rotation axis, and allows the derivative of the performance criterion to be found analytically. The method was experimentally validated on an 8-channel transmit array at 7T, using a water phantom with B1 and ΔB0 inhomogeneities similar to those encountered in the human brain. For the first time in MRI, the rotation matrix itself on every voxel was measured by using Quantum Process Tomography. The results are complemented with a series of spin-echo measurements comparing the proposed method against commonly used alternatives. Both experiments confirm very good performance, while simultaneously maintaining a low energy deposition and pulse duration compared to well-known adiabatic solutions.At ultra-high magnetic field (≥ 7T), B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities cause undesired inhomogeneities in image signal and contrast. Tailored radiofrequency pulses exploiting parallel transmission have been shown to mitigate these phenomena. However, the design of large flip angle excitations, a prerequisite for many clinical applications, remains challenging due the non-linearity of the Bloch equation. In this work, we explore the potential of gradient ascent pulse engineering to design non-selective spin-echo refocusing pulses that simultaneously mitigate severe B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities. The originality of the method lays in the optimization of the rotation matrices themselves as opposed to magnetization states. Consequently, the commonly used linear class of large tip angle approximation can be eliminated from the optimization procedure. This approach, combined with optimal control, provides additional degrees of freedom by relaxing the phase constraint on the rotation axis, and allows the derivative of the performance criterion to be found analytically. The method was experimentally validated on an 8-channel transmit array at 7T, using a water phantom with B1 and ΔB0 inhomogeneities similar to those encountered in the human brain. For the first time in MRI, the rotation matrix itself on every voxel was measured by using Quantum Process Tomography. The results are complemented with a series of spin-echo measurements comparing the proposed method against commonly used alternatives. Both experiments confirm very good performance, while simultaneously maintaining a low energy deposition and pulse duration compared to well-known adiabatic solutions. [Display omitted] ► We report a new MRI radiofrequency pulse design algorithm based on optimal control. ► Spin refocusing non-uniformities are addressed using tailored RF pulses. ► The target rotation matrix is synthesized with a phase-free rotation axis. ► In vitro spin-echo experiments demonstrate the potential of the optimization algorithm. ► Performance obtained is quantified using Quantum Process Tomography. At ultra-high magnetic field (⩾7T), B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities cause undesired inhomogeneities in image signal and contrast. Tailored radiofrequency pulses exploiting parallel transmission have been shown to mitigate these phenomena. However, the design of large flip angle excitations, a prerequisite for many clinical applications, remains challenging due the non-linearity of the Bloch equation. In this work, we explore the potential of gradient ascent pulse engineering to design non-selective spin-echo refocusing pulses that simultaneously mitigate severe B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities. The originality of the method lays in the optimization of the rotation matrices themselves as opposed to magnetization states. Consequently, the commonly used linear class of large tip angle approximation can be eliminated from the optimization procedure. This approach, combined with optimal control, provides additional degrees of freedom by relaxing the phase constraint on the rotation axis, and allows the derivative of the performance criterion to be found analytically. The method was experimentally validated on an 8-channel transmit array at 7T, using a water phantom with B1 and ΔB0 inhomogeneities similar to those encountered in the human brain. For the first time in MRI, the rotation matrix itself on every voxel was measured by using Quantum Process Tomography. The results are complemented with a series of spin-echo measurements comparing the proposed method against commonly used alternatives. Both experiments confirm very good performance, while simultaneously maintaining a low energy deposition and pulse duration compared to well-known adiabatic solutions.
Author	Boulant, Nicolas Massire, Aurélien Le Bihan, Denis Amadon, Alexis Vignaud, Alexandre Cloos, Martijn A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Aurélien surname: Massire fullname: Massire, Aurélien organization: CEA, DSV, I2BM, NeuroSpin, LRMN, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Martijn A. surname: Cloos fullname: Cloos, Martijn A. organization: Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Alexandre surname: Vignaud fullname: Vignaud, Alexandre organization: CEA, DSV, I2BM, NeuroSpin, LRMN, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191, France – sequence: 4 givenname: Denis surname: Le Bihan fullname: Le Bihan, Denis organization: CEA, DSV, I2BM, NeuroSpin, LRMN, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191, France – sequence: 5 givenname: Alexis surname: Amadon fullname: Amadon, Alexis organization: CEA, DSV, I2BM, NeuroSpin, LRMN, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191, France – sequence: 6 givenname: Nicolas surname: Boulant fullname: Boulant, Nicolas email: nicolas.boulant@cea.fr organization: CEA, DSV, I2BM, NeuroSpin, LRMN, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191, France
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23454576$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artmed_2022_102460 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMI_2013_2295465 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmr_2021_106941 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0264092 crossref_primary_10_1002_mrm_28441 crossref_primary_10_1002_mrm_28682 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmr_2018_07_013 crossref_primary_10_1002_mrm_28131 crossref_primary_10_1002_mrm_27645 crossref_primary_10_1002_mrm_27417 crossref_primary_10_1002_mrm_25353 crossref_primary_10_1002_mrm_24974 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmr_2017_05_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mri_2022_08_006 crossref_primary_10_1140_epjd_e2015_60464_1 crossref_primary_10_1002_mrm_25739 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmr_2015_06_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmr_2015_10_017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmr_2017_04_012
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Keywords	Refocusing Spin echo Phase free RF inhomogeneities Optimal control Parallel transmission
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Snippet	[Display omitted] ► We report a new MRI radiofrequency pulse design algorithm based on optimal control. ► Spin refocusing non-uniformities are addressed using... At ultra-high magnetic field (≥ 7T), B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities cause undesired inhomogeneities in image signal and contrast. Tailored radiofrequency pulses...
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis Image Enhancement - instrumentation Image Enhancement - methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging - instrumentation Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Optimal control Parallel transmission Phantoms, Imaging Phase free Refocusing Reproducibility of Results RF inhomogeneities Sensitivity and Specificity Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted - instrumentation Spin echo Transducers
Title	Design of non-selective refocusing pulses with phase-free rotation axis by gradient ascent pulse engineering algorithm in parallel transmission at 7T
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