Exploring a unified definition of ecological complexity towards restoration

•Contemporary conservation requires open-ended approaches that adopts complexity thinking.•We reviewed a plethora of thoughts on the concept of ‘complexity’, and gave a cohesive definition of ‘ecological complexity’.•Ecological complexity, as a distinct discipline, would incorporate modern ecology a...

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Vydané v:Total Environment Advances Ročník 14; s. 200125
Hlavní autori: Wu, Haoran, Soleiman, Jed, Bolam, Jamie, Boyle, Joseph Scott
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Elsevier B.V 01.06.2025
Predmet:
Biodiversity
Complexity science
Ecological complexity
Ecological modelling
Ecosystem
Integrative ecology
System science
Integrative ecology
Ecological complexity
Ecological modelling
Ecosystem
System science
Biodiversity
Complexity science
ISSN:2950-3957, 2950-3957
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Abstract •Contemporary conservation requires open-ended approaches that adopts complexity thinking.•We reviewed a plethora of thoughts on the concept of ‘complexity’, and gave a cohesive definition of ‘ecological complexity’.•Ecological complexity, as a distinct discipline, would incorporate modern ecology and system mapping techniques.•Multiple restoration examples were provided to demonstrate the use of ecological complexity in practice. The concept of ecological complexity transforms the way we conceptualise ecosystem entities, interactions, and processes. Restoring the complexity of ecosystems has been proposed as a principle for nature recovery activities. Yet, the use of the ‘complexity’ is inconsistent in different research, and lacks a generally accepted definition. This paper draws perspectives from various research fields to synthesise a cohesive concept of ecological complexity. We review a school of thought within the field of ecology, environment, and technical fields such as algorithmic complexity theory, information theory, chaos theory, and graph theory. We also summarise research methods framed by the complexity concept, and provide case studies on how restoration may benefit from the concept, philosophy, and methodology within the umbrella term. The complexity of an ecosystem includes the variety of species and the interactions among them or with environmental variables, with which the essential ecosystem functions, stability, and resilience are sustained. This concept indicates that species and ecological interactions are unified currencies of restoration. Meaningful assembly of species and interactions requires a deep understanding of each restoration project, and here we reflect on tree disease management, regenerative agriculture, species reintroduction, and seagrass systems. Complexity-framed research methods, ranging from systematic reviews to causal loop diagrams and individual-based models, help to integrate the best available information, understand how ecosystems operate, and examine alternative management policies.
AbstractList •Contemporary conservation requires open-ended approaches that adopts complexity thinking.•We reviewed a plethora of thoughts on the concept of ‘complexity’, and gave a cohesive definition of ‘ecological complexity’.•Ecological complexity, as a distinct discipline, would incorporate modern ecology and system mapping techniques.•Multiple restoration examples were provided to demonstrate the use of ecological complexity in practice. The concept of ecological complexity transforms the way we conceptualise ecosystem entities, interactions, and processes. Restoring the complexity of ecosystems has been proposed as a principle for nature recovery activities. Yet, the use of the ‘complexity’ is inconsistent in different research, and lacks a generally accepted definition. This paper draws perspectives from various research fields to synthesise a cohesive concept of ecological complexity. We review a school of thought within the field of ecology, environment, and technical fields such as algorithmic complexity theory, information theory, chaos theory, and graph theory. We also summarise research methods framed by the complexity concept, and provide case studies on how restoration may benefit from the concept, philosophy, and methodology within the umbrella term. The complexity of an ecosystem includes the variety of species and the interactions among them or with environmental variables, with which the essential ecosystem functions, stability, and resilience are sustained. This concept indicates that species and ecological interactions are unified currencies of restoration. Meaningful assembly of species and interactions requires a deep understanding of each restoration project, and here we reflect on tree disease management, regenerative agriculture, species reintroduction, and seagrass systems. Complexity-framed research methods, ranging from systematic reviews to causal loop diagrams and individual-based models, help to integrate the best available information, understand how ecosystems operate, and examine alternative management policies.
ArticleNumber 200125
Author Soleiman, Jed
Wu, Haoran
Boyle, Joseph Scott
Bolam, Jamie
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-9449-6112
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Haoran
  email: haoran.wu@ouce.ox.ac.uk
  organization: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jed
  orcidid: 0009-0009-5587-3435
  surname: Soleiman
  fullname: Soleiman, Jed
  email: jed.soleiman@ouce.ox.ac.uk
  organization: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, UK
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  givenname: Jamie
  orcidid: 0009-0002-6643-9019
  surname: Bolam
  fullname: Bolam, Jamie
  email: jamiebolam@protonmail.com
  organization: Formosan Wild Sound Conservation Science Center, Miaoli, Taiwan
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Joseph Scott
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6694-1020
  surname: Boyle
  fullname: Boyle, Joseph Scott
  email: joe.scott.boyle@gmail.com
  organization: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, UK
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Complexity science
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Snippet •Contemporary conservation requires open-ended approaches that adopts complexity thinking.•We reviewed a plethora of thoughts on the concept of ‘complexity’,...
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SubjectTerms Biodiversity
Complexity science
Ecological complexity
Ecological modelling
Ecosystem
Integrative ecology
System science
Title Exploring a unified definition of ecological complexity towards restoration
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.teadva.2025.200125
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