PKA direction on the primary radiation damage of tungsten by molecular dynamics simulations
Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the impact of the direction of primary knock-on atom (200 keV) on the primary radiation damage in tungsten at various temperatures. The 〈110〉 PKA direction induces lower radiation damage, evident from the lower number of surviving Frenkel pairs, re...
Uložené v:
| Vydané v: | Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms Ročník 570; s. 165910 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
Elsevier B.V
01.01.2026
|
| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 0168-583X |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
| Tagy: |
Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
|
| Abstract | Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the impact of the direction of primary knock-on atom (200 keV) on the primary radiation damage in tungsten at various temperatures. The 〈110〉 PKA direction induces lower radiation damage, evident from the lower number of surviving Frenkel pairs, reduced interstitial/vacancy clustering fractions, lesser defects in large-sized clusters, and shorter dislocation lengths. The reduced damage in the 〈110〉 direction is attributed to its elevated probability of sub-cascades formation. The formation processes and mechanisms of different types of dislocations have been discussed. Mixed interstitial loops exhibit two distinct 〈100〉 fragment formation pathways. This study reveals three formation mechanisms for 〈100〉 interstitial loops: migrating 1/2〈111〉 loop interactions (primary), punch-out mechanism (secondary), and 1/2〈111〉→〈100〉 transformation through shear loop nucleation/propagation (tertiary). The 〈100〉 vacancy dislocations arise from the collapse of vacancy cluster. These findings provide critical insights into anisotropic radiation damage behavior and defect evolution mechanisms in tungsten. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the impact of the direction of primary knock-on atom (200 keV) on the primary radiation damage in tungsten at various temperatures. The 〈110〉 PKA direction induces lower radiation damage, evident from the lower number of surviving Frenkel pairs, reduced interstitial/vacancy clustering fractions, lesser defects in large-sized clusters, and shorter dislocation lengths. The reduced damage in the 〈110〉 direction is attributed to its elevated probability of sub-cascades formation. The formation processes and mechanisms of different types of dislocations have been discussed. Mixed interstitial loops exhibit two distinct 〈100〉 fragment formation pathways. This study reveals three formation mechanisms for 〈100〉 interstitial loops: migrating 1/2〈111〉 loop interactions (primary), punch-out mechanism (secondary), and 1/2〈111〉→〈100〉 transformation through shear loop nucleation/propagation (tertiary). The 〈100〉 vacancy dislocations arise from the collapse of vacancy cluster. These findings provide critical insights into anisotropic radiation damage behavior and defect evolution mechanisms in tungsten. |
| ArticleNumber | 165910 |
| Author | Pei, Yaowu Wu, Ziyi Ma, Xianfeng Wang, Dong Song, Ligang Tao, Junjie Zhu, Fei Xiao, Tengyue |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fei orcidid: 0000-0002-0136-1946 surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Fei organization: Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Junjie surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Junjie organization: Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yaowu surname: Pei fullname: Pei, Yaowu organization: Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Ziyi surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Ziyi organization: Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Tengyue surname: Xiao fullname: Xiao, Tengyue organization: Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Ligang surname: Song fullname: Song, Ligang organization: Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Dong orcidid: 0000-0003-3649-1078 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Dong email: wangdong@npic.ac.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Xianfeng surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Xianfeng email: maxf6@mail.sysu.edu.cn organization: Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China |
| BookMark | eNp9kE1qwzAQhbVIoUnaC3SlC9iV7EiRoZsQ-hMaaBctFLoQkjxKZWK5SE7Bt69cZ91hYGDevOHxLdDMdx4QuqEkp4Ty2yb3rtV5QQqWU84qSmZongSRMVF-XKJFjA1JxUo2R5-vzxtcuwCmd53HqfsvwN_BtSoMOKjaqT-hVq06AO4s7k_-EHvwWA-47Y5gTkcVcD141ToTcXRtWoyeeIUurDpGuD7PJXp_uH_bPmX7l8fddrPPTArVZ6qk3FgQgqwt5-UaeMVNxa3WFayAiJVOuqKUpTtieaUqW2ihmdXKFlaJcomK6a8JXYwBrDznl5TIEYls5IhEjkjkhCSZ7iYTpGQ_DoKMxoE3MMGQdef-s_8C4UxwDg |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.nimb.2020.03.026 10.1038/nphys3735 10.1080/02670836.2016.1185260 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.007 10.1016/0022-3115(87)90494-6 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154415 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.10.033 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152816 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153113 10.1088/0965-0393/18/1/015012 10.1209/0295-5075/103/46003 10.1016/j.nimb.2017.02.030 10.1038/s41467-020-20574-6 10.1080/14786435.2014.892220 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111370 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.05.003 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.030 10.1088/0953-8984/27/13/135401 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.11.002 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.041 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.012 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114154 10.1080/14786435.2012.754110 10.1088/1361-651X/ac2f83 10.1088/0965-0393/20/8/085007 10.1007/s42864-020-00037-7 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.06.007 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.04.015 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.10.027 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.02.040 10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111445 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00569-4 10.1088/0953-8984/25/12/125402 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.067 10.1088/1361-648X/ab0682 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.05.025 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.265503 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.07.023 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.125506 10.1080/14786436508224943 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.06.027 10.1038/s41598-021-86746-6 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.03.034 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2421 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.01.059 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.12.068 10.1007/s11665-022-07730-3 10.1038/s41467-018-07102-3 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.056 10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/225402 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.255507 10.1016/j.nimb.2011.01.010 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113487 10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108171 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153158 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00794-8 10.1016/0022-3115(73)90139-6 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.03.009 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.154065 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2025 Elsevier B.V. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2025 Elsevier B.V. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Physics |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_nimb_2025_165910 S0168583X25003003 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M -~X .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29N 3O- 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5VS 6TJ 7-5 71M 8P~ 8WZ 9DU 9JN A6W AABNK AABXZ AAEDT AAEDW AAEPC AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AATTM AAXKI AAXUO AAYWO ABFNM ABMAC ABNEU ABWVN ABXDB ABXRA ACDAQ ACFVG ACGFS ACLOT ACNNM ACRLP ACRPL ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO AEBSH AEIPS AEKER AEZYN AFFNX AFJKZ AFRZQ AFTJW AGHFR AGQPQ AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AIVDX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC CS3 EBS EFJIC EFKBS EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HME HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IHE J1W KOM LZ4 M41 MAGPM MO0 MVM N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RNS ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SEW SHN SPC SPCBC SPD SSM SSQ SSZ T5K TN5 VOH WUQ ~02 ~G- ~HD AAYXX CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c168t-a316cfe8807f6637e696c96fbb9e4e084b16ca1153160f69a9f2b8b5fbaf2fa83 |
| ISSN | 0168-583X |
| IngestDate | Thu Nov 27 00:53:02 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 17:14:22 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | PKA direction Molecular dynamics Tungsten Radiation damage |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c168t-a316cfe8807f6637e696c96fbb9e4e084b16ca1153160f69a9f2b8b5fbaf2fa83 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3649-1078 0000-0002-0136-1946 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2025_165910 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_nimb_2025_165910 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | January 2026 2026-01-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2026-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2026 text: January 2026 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms |
| PublicationYear | 2026 |
| Publisher | Elsevier B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V |
| References | Knaster, Moeslang, Muroga (b0010) 2016; 12 Gao, Yao, Lu, Deng, Gao (b0240) 2021; 12 Setyawan, Selby, Juslin, Stoller, Wirth, Kurtz (b0170) 2015; 27 Cui, Zhou, Fu, Hou (b0175) 2020; 471 Luo, Xu, Zong, Shen, Wei (b0020) 2023; 190 Zhu, Wang, Gao, Peng, Xie, Zhang (b0015) 2019; 518 Huang, Ding, Song, Lu, Zhang, Wang (b0150) 2022; 32 Chen, Fang, Liu, Hu, Jiang, Gao, Zhou, Lu, Gao, Deng (b0165) 2019; 522 Zhang, Bai, Tonks, Biner (b0285) 2015; 98 Zhu, Wang, Wang, Wu, Ma, Xie, Zhang (b0035) 2022; 572 A.K. Revelly, N. Srinivasan, A.S. Panwar, K.V. Mani Krishna, R. Tewari, D. Srivastava, G.K. Dey, I. Samajdar, Orientation sensitivity of focused ion beam damage in pure zirconium: direct experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations, Philos. Mag. 94(14) (2014) 1601-1621. http://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2014.892220. Harrison, Hinks, Donnelly (b0205) 2018; 150 Huang, Yi, Ding, Song, Lu, Liu, Wang (b0155) 2022; 205 Nordlund, Zinkle, Sand, Granberg, Averback, Stoller, Suzudo, Malerba, Banhart, Weber, Willaime, Dudarev, Simeone (b0200) 2018; 512 Chen, Li, Gao, Zhou, Hu, Lu, Gao, Deng (b0095) 2018; 502 Gilbert, Arakawa, Bergstrom, Caturla, Dudarev, Gao, Goryaeva, Hu, Hu, Kurtz, Litnovsky, Marian, Marinica, Martinez, Marquis, Mason, Nguyen, Olsson, Osetskiy, Senor, Setyawan, Short, Suzudo, Trelewicz, Tsuru, Was, Wirth, Yang, Zhang, Zinkle (b0040) 2021; 554 Wang, Gao, Wang, Wu, Shu, Li, Li, Xu, Liu (b0215) 2019; 162 Abernethy (b0025) 2017; 33 Deo, Chen, Dingeville (b0045) 2021; 30 Stukowski, Bulatov, Arsenlis (b0190) 2012; 20 Rajput, Subhash, Srinivasan (b0065) 2020; 150 Fu, Xu, Lai, Yuan, Xu, Li, Jia, Liu (b0105) 2013; 441 Hasenhuetl, Zhang, Yabuuchi, Song, Kimura (b0140) 2017; 397 Tavassoli (b0005) 2002; 302 Nordlund, Averback (b0185) 1997; 56 Schäublin, Décamps, Prokhodtseva, Löffler (b0290) 2017; 133 Ding, Guo, Li, Liu, Ran, Wu, Qiu, Deng, Wu, Li, Huang (b0220) 2021; 204 Yi, Jenkins, Hattar, Edmondson, Roberts (b0130) 2015; 92 Xu, Stoller, Osetsky, Terentyev (b0270) 2013; 110 Liu, Li, Chen, Hu, Luo, Gao, Deng (b0080) 2020; 2 Peng, Meng, Yang, Lu, Deng, Wang, De, Gao (b0265) 2018; 9 Sikka, Moteff (b0255) 1973; 46 Setyawan, Nandipati, Roche, Heinisch, Wirth, Kurtz (b0060) 2015; 462 Thompson, Aktulga, Berger, Bolintineanu, Brown, Crozier, in 't Veld, Kohlmeyer, Moore, Nguyen, Shan, Stevens, Tranchida, Trott, Plimpton (b0160) 2022; 271 Caturla, Diaz de la Rubia, Victoria, Corzine, James, Greene (b0225) 2001; 296 Arakawa, Hatanaka, Kuramoto, Ono, Mori (b0245) 2006; 96 Fu, Chen, Fang, Gao, Hu, Jiang, Zhou, Lu, Gao, Deng (b0090) 2019; 524 Juslin, Wirth (b0085) 2013; 432 Marian, Wirth, Perlado (b0280) 2002; 88 Yi, Jenkins, Briceno, Roberts, Zhou, Kirk (b0210) 2013; 93 Zarkadoula, Daraszewicz, Duffy, Seaton, Todorov, Nordlund, Dove, Trachenko (b0235) 2013; 25 Reza, Yu, Mizohata, Hofmann (b0030) 2020; 193 Stukowski (b0180) 2010; 18 Liu, Qiu, Chen, Jiang, Gao, Huang, Gao, Hu, Deng (b0100) 2023; 580 Ferroni, Yi, Arakawa, Fitzgerald, Edmondson, Roberts (b0250) 2015; 90 Troev, Nankov, Yoshiie (b0055) 2011; 269 Fikar, Schäublin (b0230) 2009; 386–388 Sand, Dequeker, Becquart, Domain, Nordlund (b0075) 2016; 470 Zarkadoula, Duffy, Nordlund, Seaton, Todorov, Weber, Trachenko (b0110) 2015; 27 Byggmästar, Granberg, Sand, Pirttikoski, Alexander, Marinica, Nordlund (b0125) 2019; 31 Fikar, Schaeublin (b0050) 2007; 255 B.L. Eyre, R. and Bullough, On the formation of interstitial loops in b.c.c. metals, Philos. Magazine: J. Theoret. Exp. Appl. Phys. 12(115) (1965) 31-39. http://doi.org/10.1080/14786436508224943. Granberg, Byggmästar, Nordlund (b0120) 2021; 556 Becquart, Backer, Olsson, Domain (b0195) 2021; 547 Sand, Dudarev, Nordlund (b0115) 2013; 103 Dürrschnabel, Klimenkov, Jäntsch, Rieth, Schneider, Terentyev (b0260) 2021; 11 Kirk, Robertson, Jenkins, English, Black, Vetrano (b0295) 1987; 149 Hasenhuetl, Zhang, Yabuuchi, Kimura (b0135) 2017; 495 Sand, Nordlund, Dudarev (b0070) 2014; 455 Fikar (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0050) 2007; 255 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0145 Yi (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0130) 2015; 92 Becquart (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0195) 2021; 547 Zhu (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0035) 2022; 572 Gilbert (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0040) 2021; 554 Ding (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0220) 2021; 204 Cui (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0175) 2020; 471 Huang (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0150) 2022; 32 Ferroni (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0250) 2015; 90 Reza (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0030) 2020; 193 Fikar (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0230) 2009; 386–388 Abernethy (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0025) 2017; 33 Gao (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0240) 2021; 12 Setyawan (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0170) 2015; 27 Fu (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0090) 2019; 524 Troev (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0055) 2011; 269 Zhu (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0015) 2019; 518 Granberg (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0120) 2021; 556 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0275 Liu (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0100) 2023; 580 Nordlund (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0200) 2018; 512 Wang (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0215) 2019; 162 Fu (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0105) 2013; 441 Nordlund (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0185) 1997; 56 Arakawa (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0245) 2006; 96 Luo (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0020) 2023; 190 Zhang (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0285) 2015; 98 Knaster (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0010) 2016; 12 Stukowski (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0190) 2012; 20 Schäublin (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0290) 2017; 133 Zarkadoula (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0110) 2015; 27 Sand (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0075) 2016; 470 Deo (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0045) 2021; 30 Rajput (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0065) 2020; 150 Byggmästar (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0125) 2019; 31 Juslin (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0085) 2013; 432 Liu (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0080) 2020; 2 Peng (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0265) 2018; 9 Sand (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0115) 2013; 103 Huang (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0155) 2022; 205 Yi (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0210) 2013; 93 Harrison (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0205) 2018; 150 Marian (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0280) 2002; 88 Sikka (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0255) 1973; 46 Thompson (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0160) 2022; 271 Chen (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0165) 2019; 522 Caturla (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0225) 2001; 296 Xu (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0270) 2013; 110 Setyawan (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0060) 2015; 462 Chen (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0095) 2018; 502 Sand (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0070) 2014; 455 Tavassoli (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0005) 2002; 302 Kirk (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0295) 1987; 149 Stukowski (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0180) 2010; 18 Hasenhuetl (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0135) 2017; 495 Dürrschnabel (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0260) 2021; 11 Zarkadoula (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0235) 2013; 25 Hasenhuetl (10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0140) 2017; 397 |
| References_xml | – volume: 150 year: 2020 ident: b0065 article-title: Displacement damage study in tungsten and iron for fusion neutron irradiation publication-title: Fusion Eng. Des. – volume: 522 start-page: 200 year: 2019 end-page: 211 ident: b0165 article-title: The interactions between rhenium and interstitial-type defects in bulk tungsten: a combined study by molecular dynamics and molecular statics simulations publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 572 year: 2022 ident: b0035 article-title: Microstructure and mechanical property evolution of He-implanted nanochannel W film under post-annealing publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 92 start-page: 163 year: 2015 end-page: 177 ident: b0130 article-title: Characterisation of radiation damage in W and W-based alloys from 2 MeV self-ion near-bulk implantations publication-title: Acta Mater. – volume: 554 year: 2021 ident: b0040 article-title: Perspectives on multiscale modelling and experiments to accelerate materials development for fusion publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 110 year: 2013 ident: b0270 article-title: Solving the Puzzle of $〈100〉$ Interstitial Loop Formation in bcc Iron publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. – volume: 46 start-page: 217 year: 1973 end-page: 219 ident: b0255 article-title: “Rafting” in neutron irradiated tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 386–388 start-page: 97 year: 2009 end-page: 101 ident: b0230 article-title: Molecular dynamics simulation of radiation damage in bcc tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – reference: A.K. Revelly, N. Srinivasan, A.S. Panwar, K.V. Mani Krishna, R. Tewari, D. Srivastava, G.K. Dey, I. Samajdar, Orientation sensitivity of focused ion beam damage in pure zirconium: direct experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations, Philos. Mag. 94(14) (2014) 1601-1621. http://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2014.892220. – volume: 190 year: 2023 ident: b0020 article-title: Research status of tungsten-based plasma-facing materials: a review publication-title: Fusion Eng. Des. – volume: 495 start-page: 314 year: 2017 end-page: 321 ident: b0135 article-title: Effect of displacement damage level on the ion-irradiation affected zone evolution in W single crystals publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 205 year: 2022 ident: b0155 article-title: Radiation damage behavior and mechanism in RAFM steel: orientation effect publication-title: Vacuum – volume: 11 start-page: 7572 year: 2021 ident: b0260 article-title: New insights into microstructure of neutron-irradiated tungsten publication-title: Sci. Rep. – volume: 133 start-page: 427 year: 2017 end-page: 439 ident: b0290 article-title: On the origin of primary ½ a0 <111> and a0 <100> loops in irradiated Fe(Cr) alloys publication-title: Acta Mater. – volume: 302 start-page: 73 year: 2002 end-page: 88 ident: b0005 article-title: Present limits and improvements of structural materials for fusion reactors – a review publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 20 year: 2012 ident: b0190 article-title: Automated identification and indexing of dislocations in crystal interfaces publication-title: Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. – volume: 103 start-page: 46003 year: 2013 ident: b0115 article-title: High-energy collision cascades in tungsten: Dislocation loops structure and clustering scaling laws publication-title: Europhys. Lett. – volume: 27 year: 2015 ident: b0170 article-title: Cascade morphology transition in bcc metals publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter – volume: 149 start-page: 21 year: 1987 end-page: 28 ident: b0295 article-title: The collapse of defect cascades to dislocation loops publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 462 start-page: 329 year: 2015 end-page: 337 ident: b0060 article-title: Displacement cascades and defects annealing in tungsten, Part I: defect database from molecular dynamics simulations publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 580 year: 2023 ident: b0100 article-title: Displacement cascades database from molecular dynamics simulations in tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 12 start-page: 424 year: 2016 end-page: 434 ident: b0010 article-title: Materials research for fusion publication-title: Nat. Phys. – volume: 432 start-page: 61 year: 2013 end-page: 66 ident: b0085 article-title: Interatomic potentials for simulation of He bubble formation in W publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 397 start-page: 11 year: 2017 end-page: 14 ident: b0140 article-title: Crystal orientation dependence of ion-irradiation hardening in pure tungsten publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B – volume: 90 start-page: 380 year: 2015 end-page: 393 ident: b0250 article-title: High temperature annealing of ion irradiated tungsten publication-title: Acta Mater. – volume: 32 start-page: 8063 year: 2022 end-page: 8074 ident: b0150 article-title: Crystal orientation effect on the irradiation mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of α-Fe: molecular dynamic simulations publication-title: J. Mater. Eng. Perform. – volume: 9 start-page: 4880 year: 2018 ident: b0265 article-title: Shockwave generates < 100 > dislocation loops in bcc iron publication-title: Nat. Commun. – volume: 18 year: 2010 ident: b0180 article-title: Visualization and analysis of atomistic simulation data with OVITO–the Open Visualization Tool publication-title: Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. – volume: 56 start-page: 2421 year: 1997 end-page: 2431 ident: b0185 article-title: Point defect movement and annealing in collision cascades publication-title: Phys. Rev. B – volume: 547 year: 2021 ident: b0195 article-title: Modelling the primary damage in Fe and W: Influence of the short range interactions on the cascade properties: Part 1 – Energy transfer publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 269 start-page: 566 year: 2011 end-page: 571 ident: b0055 article-title: Simulation of displacement cascades in tungsten irradiated by fusion neutrons publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B – volume: 2 start-page: 3 year: 2020 end-page: 14 ident: b0080 article-title: Evaluation of tungsten interatomic potentials for radiation damage simulations publication-title: Tungsten – volume: 93 start-page: 1715 year: 2013 end-page: 1738 ident: b0210 article-title: In situ study of self-ion irradiation damage in W and W–5Re at 500 °C publication-title: Philos. Mag. – volume: 255 start-page: 27 year: 2007 end-page: 31 ident: b0050 article-title: Molecular dynamics simulation of radiation damage in bcc tungsten publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B – volume: 441 start-page: 24 year: 2013 end-page: 28 ident: b0105 article-title: Computer simulation of displacement cascades in tungsten with modified F–S type potential publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 12 start-page: 225 year: 2021 ident: b0240 article-title: Mechanisms for <100> interstitial dislocation loops to diffuse in BCC iron publication-title: Nat. Commun. – volume: 96 year: 2006 ident: b0245 article-title: Changes in the burgers vector of perfect dislocation loops without contact with the external dislocations publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. – volume: 27 year: 2015 ident: b0110 article-title: Electronic effects in high-energy radiation damage in tungsten publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter – volume: 30 year: 2021 ident: b0045 article-title: Atomistic modeling of radiation damage in crystalline materials publication-title: Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. – volume: 455 start-page: 207 year: 2014 end-page: 211 ident: b0070 article-title: Radiation damage production in massive cascades initiated by fusion neutrons in tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 502 start-page: 141 year: 2018 end-page: 153 ident: b0095 article-title: New interatomic potentials of W, Re and W-Re alloy for radiation defects publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 98 start-page: 5 year: 2015 end-page: 8 ident: b0285 article-title: Formation of prismatic loops from C15 Laves phase interstitial clusters in body-centered cubic iron publication-title: Scr. Mater. – volume: 33 start-page: 388 year: 2017 end-page: 399 ident: b0025 article-title: Predicting the performance of tungsten in a fusion environment: a literature review publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol. – volume: 150 start-page: 61 year: 2018 end-page: 65 ident: b0205 article-title: Influence of pre-implanted helium on dislocation loop type in tungsten under self-ion irradiation publication-title: Scr. Mater. – reference: B.L. Eyre, R. and Bullough, On the formation of interstitial loops in b.c.c. metals, Philos. Magazine: J. Theoret. Exp. Appl. Phys. 12(115) (1965) 31-39. http://doi.org/10.1080/14786436508224943. – volume: 31 year: 2019 ident: b0125 article-title: Collision cascades overlapping with self-interstitial defect clusters in Fe and W publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter – volume: 470 start-page: 119 year: 2016 end-page: 127 ident: b0075 article-title: Non-equilibrium properties of interatomic potentials in cascade simulations in tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 524 start-page: 9 year: 2019 end-page: 20 ident: b0090 article-title: Molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy radiation damage in W and W–Re alloys publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 162 start-page: 204 year: 2019 end-page: 208 ident: b0215 article-title: Formation of 〈100〉 dislocation loop in bcc-Fe via the ternary loop reaction publication-title: Scr. Mater. – volume: 25 year: 2013 ident: b0235 article-title: The nature of high-energy radiation damage in iron publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter – volume: 512 start-page: 450 year: 2018 end-page: 479 ident: b0200 article-title: Primary radiation damage: a review of current understanding and models publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 518 start-page: 226 year: 2019 end-page: 233 ident: b0015 article-title: Microstructure evolution and Young's modulus of He-implanted nanocrystalline tungsten film publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 296 start-page: 90 year: 2001 end-page: 100 ident: b0225 article-title: Multiscale modeling of radiation damage: applications to damage production by GeV proton irradiation of Cu and W, and pulsed irradiation effects in Cu and Fe publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 193 start-page: 270 year: 2020 end-page: 279 ident: b0030 article-title: Thermal diffusivity degradation and point defect density in self-ion implanted tungsten publication-title: Acta Mater. – volume: 271 year: 2022 ident: b0160 article-title: LAMMPS – a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales publication-title: Comput. Phys. Commun. – volume: 204 year: 2021 ident: b0220 article-title: In-situ TEM observation and MD simulation of the reaction and transformation of <100> loops in tungsten during H2+ & He+ dual-beam irradiation publication-title: Scr. Mater. – volume: 88 year: 2002 ident: b0280 article-title: Mechanism of formation and growth of $〈100〉$ interstitial loops in ferritic materials publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. – volume: 556 year: 2021 ident: b0120 article-title: Molecular dynamics simulations of high-dose damage production and defect evolution in tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. – volume: 471 start-page: 90 year: 2020 end-page: 99 ident: b0175 article-title: Assessing the influence of electronic effects on molecular dynamics simulations of primary radiation damage in tungsten publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B – volume: 471 start-page: 90 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0175 article-title: Assessing the influence of electronic effects on molecular dynamics simulations of primary radiation damage in tungsten publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2020.03.026 – volume: 12 start-page: 424 issue: 5 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0010 article-title: Materials research for fusion publication-title: Nat. Phys. doi: 10.1038/nphys3735 – volume: 33 start-page: 388 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0025 article-title: Predicting the performance of tungsten in a fusion environment: a literature review publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1080/02670836.2016.1185260 – volume: 255 start-page: 27 issue: 1 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0050 article-title: Molecular dynamics simulation of radiation damage in bcc tungsten publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.007 – volume: 149 start-page: 21 issue: 1 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0295 article-title: The collapse of defect cascades to dislocation loops publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/0022-3115(87)90494-6 – volume: 580 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0100 article-title: Displacement cascades database from molecular dynamics simulations in tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154415 – volume: 98 start-page: 5 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0285 article-title: Formation of prismatic loops from C15 Laves phase interstitial clusters in body-centered cubic iron publication-title: Scr. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.10.033 – volume: 547 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0195 article-title: Modelling the primary damage in Fe and W: Influence of the short range interactions on the cascade properties: Part 1 – Energy transfer publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152816 – volume: 554 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0040 article-title: Perspectives on multiscale modelling and experiments to accelerate materials development for fusion publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153113 – volume: 18 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0180 article-title: Visualization and analysis of atomistic simulation data with OVITO–the Open Visualization Tool publication-title: Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. doi: 10.1088/0965-0393/18/1/015012 – volume: 103 start-page: 46003 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0115 article-title: High-energy collision cascades in tungsten: Dislocation loops structure and clustering scaling laws publication-title: Europhys. Lett. doi: 10.1209/0295-5075/103/46003 – volume: 397 start-page: 11 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0140 article-title: Crystal orientation dependence of ion-irradiation hardening in pure tungsten publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2017.02.030 – volume: 12 start-page: 225 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0240 article-title: Mechanisms for <100> interstitial dislocation loops to diffuse in BCC iron publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20574-6 – ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0145 doi: 10.1080/14786435.2014.892220 – volume: 150 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0065 article-title: Displacement damage study in tungsten and iron for fusion neutron irradiation publication-title: Fusion Eng. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111370 – volume: 522 start-page: 200 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0165 article-title: The interactions between rhenium and interstitial-type defects in bulk tungsten: a combined study by molecular dynamics and molecular statics simulations publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.05.003 – volume: 495 start-page: 314 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0135 article-title: Effect of displacement damage level on the ion-irradiation affected zone evolution in W single crystals publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.030 – volume: 27 issue: 13 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0110 article-title: Electronic effects in high-energy radiation damage in tungsten publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/13/135401 – volume: 162 start-page: 204 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0215 article-title: Formation of 〈100〉 dislocation loop in bcc-Fe via the ternary loop reaction publication-title: Scr. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.11.002 – volume: 133 start-page: 427 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0290 article-title: On the origin of primary ½ a0 <111> and a0 <100> loops in irradiated Fe(Cr) alloys publication-title: Acta Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.041 – volume: 470 start-page: 119 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0075 article-title: Non-equilibrium properties of interatomic potentials in cascade simulations in tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.012 – volume: 204 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0220 article-title: In-situ TEM observation and MD simulation of the reaction and transformation of <100> loops in tungsten during H2+ & He+ dual-beam irradiation publication-title: Scr. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114154 – volume: 93 start-page: 1715 issue: 14 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0210 article-title: In situ study of self-ion irradiation damage in W and W–5Re at 500 °C publication-title: Philos. Mag. doi: 10.1080/14786435.2012.754110 – volume: 30 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0045 article-title: Atomistic modeling of radiation damage in crystalline materials publication-title: Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. doi: 10.1088/1361-651X/ac2f83 – volume: 20 issue: 8 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0190 article-title: Automated identification and indexing of dislocations in crystal interfaces publication-title: Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. doi: 10.1088/0965-0393/20/8/085007 – volume: 2 start-page: 3 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0080 article-title: Evaluation of tungsten interatomic potentials for radiation damage simulations publication-title: Tungsten doi: 10.1007/s42864-020-00037-7 – volume: 455 start-page: 207 issue: 1–3 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0070 article-title: Radiation damage production in massive cascades initiated by fusion neutrons in tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.06.007 – volume: 92 start-page: 163 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0130 article-title: Characterisation of radiation damage in W and W-based alloys from 2 MeV self-ion near-bulk implantations publication-title: Acta Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.04.015 – volume: 512 start-page: 450 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0200 article-title: Primary radiation damage: a review of current understanding and models publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.10.027 – volume: 150 start-page: 61 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0205 article-title: Influence of pre-implanted helium on dislocation loop type in tungsten under self-ion irradiation publication-title: Scr. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.02.040 – volume: 205 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0155 article-title: Radiation damage behavior and mechanism in RAFM steel: orientation effect publication-title: Vacuum doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111445 – volume: 296 start-page: 90 issue: 1 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0225 article-title: Multiscale modeling of radiation damage: applications to damage production by GeV proton irradiation of Cu and W, and pulsed irradiation effects in Cu and Fe publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00569-4 – volume: 25 issue: 12 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0235 article-title: The nature of high-energy radiation damage in iron publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/12/125402 – volume: 90 start-page: 380 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0250 article-title: High temperature annealing of ion irradiated tungsten publication-title: Acta Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.067 – volume: 31 issue: 24 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0125 article-title: Collision cascades overlapping with self-interstitial defect clusters in Fe and W publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/ab0682 – volume: 441 start-page: 24 issue: 1–3 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0105 article-title: Computer simulation of displacement cascades in tungsten with modified F–S type potential publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.05.025 – volume: 110 issue: 26 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0270 article-title: Solving the Puzzle of $〈100〉$ Interstitial Loop Formation in bcc Iron publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.265503 – volume: 432 start-page: 61 issue: 1 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0085 article-title: Interatomic potentials for simulation of He bubble formation in W publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.07.023 – volume: 96 issue: 12 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0245 article-title: Changes in the burgers vector of perfect dislocation loops without contact with the external dislocations publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.125506 – ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0275 doi: 10.1080/14786436508224943 – volume: 524 start-page: 9 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0090 article-title: Molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy radiation damage in W and W–Re alloys publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.06.027 – volume: 11 start-page: 7572 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0260 article-title: New insights into microstructure of neutron-irradiated tungsten publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86746-6 – volume: 193 start-page: 270 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0030 article-title: Thermal diffusivity degradation and point defect density in self-ion implanted tungsten publication-title: Acta Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.03.034 – volume: 56 start-page: 2421 issue: 5 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0185 article-title: Point defect movement and annealing in collision cascades publication-title: Phys. Rev. B doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.2421 – volume: 502 start-page: 141 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0095 article-title: New interatomic potentials of W, Re and W-Re alloy for radiation defects publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.01.059 – volume: 386–388 start-page: 97 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0230 article-title: Molecular dynamics simulation of radiation damage in bcc tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.12.068 – volume: 32 start-page: 8063 issue: 18 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0150 article-title: Crystal orientation effect on the irradiation mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of α-Fe: molecular dynamic simulations publication-title: J. Mater. Eng. Perform. doi: 10.1007/s11665-022-07730-3 – volume: 9 start-page: 4880 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0265 article-title: Shockwave generates < 100 > dislocation loops in bcc iron publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07102-3 – volume: 462 start-page: 329 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0060 article-title: Displacement cascades and defects annealing in tungsten, Part I: defect database from molecular dynamics simulations publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.056 – volume: 27 issue: 22 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0170 article-title: Cascade morphology transition in bcc metals publication-title: J. Phys. Condens. Matter doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/225402 – volume: 88 issue: 25 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0280 article-title: Mechanism of formation and growth of $〈100〉$ interstitial loops in ferritic materials publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.255507 – volume: 269 start-page: 566 issue: 6 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0055 article-title: Simulation of displacement cascades in tungsten irradiated by fusion neutrons publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2011.01.010 – volume: 190 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0020 article-title: Research status of tungsten-based plasma-facing materials: a review publication-title: Fusion Eng. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113487 – volume: 271 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0160 article-title: LAMMPS – a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales publication-title: Comput. Phys. Commun. doi: 10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108171 – volume: 556 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0120 article-title: Molecular dynamics simulations of high-dose damage production and defect evolution in tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153158 – volume: 302 start-page: 73 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0005 article-title: Present limits and improvements of structural materials for fusion reactors – a review publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00794-8 – volume: 46 start-page: 217 issue: 2 year: 1973 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0255 article-title: “Rafting” in neutron irradiated tungsten publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/0022-3115(73)90139-6 – volume: 518 start-page: 226 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0015 article-title: Microstructure evolution and Young's modulus of He-implanted nanocrystalline tungsten film publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.03.009 – volume: 572 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910_b0035 article-title: Microstructure and mechanical property evolution of He-implanted nanochannel W film under post-annealing publication-title: J. Nucl. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.154065 |
| SSID | ssj0000535 |
| Score | 2.4636648 |
| Snippet | Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the impact of the direction of primary knock-on atom (200 keV) on the primary radiation damage in tungsten... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 165910 |
| SubjectTerms | Molecular dynamics PKA direction Radiation damage Tungsten |
| Title | PKA direction on the primary radiation damage of tungsten by molecular dynamics simulations |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165910 |
| Volume | 570 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 issn: 0168-583X databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 customDbUrl: isFulltext: true dateEnd: 99991231 titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000535 providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3da9swEBeh3WAvZZ-s6zb0sLfg0NqxLT1mo2NfhEA7yLoHI9kSc6iVkThd-9_sT91JJzleO8Y2GAQTbEu2736-O53vg5AXFUuqdByLiGVVEsF6Q0ewBGORTkrQH7oqZe4ShT_k0ymbz_lsMPgecmEuznNj2OUl__pfWQ37gNk2dfYv2N1NCjvgPzAdtsB22P4R42fvJ0NUVM4WND4ZCotKrGwpAnegEo1Ah0EL7zvw2lhLtAndcocVtqpfD9d141t8rfuW7NQWQhYumL21BRhsOI2FEbakxuh0hwH7XSIUVj7xd_XSwUqJxpWrWGFyhU-0AxMayYR1ZNtl05n9Z182zthW9dbhgF-ONmZRq62YdyEKn8Ty26ZTOm7kWX1V9_0c8XU_x80EHPSHYuLYvC_QU2xFckM5oJ9iMTJ1I0dwiXR0lKXcR9X-XHT7xE5s5wULEcSgLSe7G-cpB7m5O3l7PH-31fYpNnENN-ITszCG8PqVfm389Aya07tkz69E6AQRdI8MlLlPbs-QZw_IZ8AR7XBE4Qc4oh5HtMMRRRzRpaYBR1Re0Q5HNOCI9nD0kHx8fXz66k3kO3FEJTxXG4nkKCu1AlmfazBRc5XxrOSZlpKrsTpkYwnHBSwu4LxDnXHBdSyZTLUUOtaCJY_Ijlka9ZhQEPOi0gJoKpR1zTBt-xDHstKu9JrYJ8NAosI_UxEiEReFJWhhCVogQfdJGqhYeJMRKVMA038z7sk_jjsgd7bYfEp24AVTz8it8qKt16vnHhs_APpLlZU |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PKA+direction+on+the+primary+radiation+damage+of+tungsten+by+molecular+dynamics+simulations&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+B%2C+Beam+interactions+with+materials+and+atoms&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Fei&rft.au=Tao%2C+Junjie&rft.au=Pei%2C+Yaowu&rft.au=Wu%2C+Ziyi&rft.date=2026-01-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+B.V&rft.issn=0168-583X&rft.volume=570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.nimb.2025.165910&rft.externalDocID=S0168583X25003003 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0168-583X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0168-583X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0168-583X&client=summon |