Effect of rib structures on ballistic resistance in aluminum plates under rock projectile impact: A hybrid FEM-DEM framework with equivalent thickness analysis
•A hybrid FEM-DEM model simulates brittle projectile impact accurately.•Stress wave reflection near ribs reduces local ballistic resistance.•An equivalent thickness theory quantifies the rib-weakening effect.•Rib proximity decreases the ballistic limit by up to 4 %.•Findings guide optimal design of...
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| Vydáno v: | Thin-walled structures Ročník 219; s. 114286 |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.02.2026
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| ISSN: | 0263-8231 |
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| Abstract | •A hybrid FEM-DEM model simulates brittle projectile impact accurately.•Stress wave reflection near ribs reduces local ballistic resistance.•An equivalent thickness theory quantifies the rib-weakening effect.•Rib proximity decreases the ballistic limit by up to 4 %.•Findings guide optimal design of ribbed structures against brittle impact.
As aerospace vehicles operate more frequently in extreme environments like dust storms or asteroid-rich regions, their structures are increasingly threatened by high-speed impacts from brittle projectiles such as rocks. This study investigates the effect of rib structures on the ballistic resistance of 6061-T6 aluminum plates under high-velocity impact by granite projectiles. A hybrid FEM-DEM model, incorporating a mass-conservative adaptive conversion algorithm, was developed to simulate brittle fracture and debris dynamics. Experimental validation was conducted via gas gun tests, measuring ballistic limits (vbl) at multiple impact points. Results reveal that stress wave reflection near ribs reduces local resistance, decreasing vbl by up to 4% compared to non-ribbed regions. An equivalent thickness theory (h*) is proposed to quantify this effect, demonstrating that rib proximity significantly compromises penetration resistance. The hybrid model outperforms FEM-SPH in accuracy and efficiency. These findings provide new insights for optimizing ribbed aerospace structures against brittle impact threats. |
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| AbstractList | •A hybrid FEM-DEM model simulates brittle projectile impact accurately.•Stress wave reflection near ribs reduces local ballistic resistance.•An equivalent thickness theory quantifies the rib-weakening effect.•Rib proximity decreases the ballistic limit by up to 4 %.•Findings guide optimal design of ribbed structures against brittle impact.
As aerospace vehicles operate more frequently in extreme environments like dust storms or asteroid-rich regions, their structures are increasingly threatened by high-speed impacts from brittle projectiles such as rocks. This study investigates the effect of rib structures on the ballistic resistance of 6061-T6 aluminum plates under high-velocity impact by granite projectiles. A hybrid FEM-DEM model, incorporating a mass-conservative adaptive conversion algorithm, was developed to simulate brittle fracture and debris dynamics. Experimental validation was conducted via gas gun tests, measuring ballistic limits (vbl) at multiple impact points. Results reveal that stress wave reflection near ribs reduces local resistance, decreasing vbl by up to 4% compared to non-ribbed regions. An equivalent thickness theory (h*) is proposed to quantify this effect, demonstrating that rib proximity significantly compromises penetration resistance. The hybrid model outperforms FEM-SPH in accuracy and efficiency. These findings provide new insights for optimizing ribbed aerospace structures against brittle impact threats. |
| ArticleNumber | 114286 |
| Author | Wu, Hanling Lu, Haoran Sun, Hailiang Sun, Yuxin Xie, Wenkui |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wenkui surname: Xie fullname: Xie, Wenkui organization: National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Haoran surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Haoran organization: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Hailiang surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Hailiang organization: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Hanling surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Hanling organization: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuxin surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Yuxin email: yxsun01@163.com organization: National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China |
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| Keywords | FEM-DEM Equivalent thickness Ballistic resistance Rib structures Brittle impact |
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| SubjectTerms | Ballistic resistance Brittle impact Equivalent thickness FEM-DEM Rib structures |
| Title | Effect of rib structures on ballistic resistance in aluminum plates under rock projectile impact: A hybrid FEM-DEM framework with equivalent thickness analysis |
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