Long baseline underwater source localization based on deep K-Means++ clustering in complex underwater environments

Long baseline localization relies on trilateration, with the least squares method being utilized to determine the unique position of underwater sources. However, it is highly sensitive to distance measurements from any of the reference beacons to the source. Furthermore, achieving continuous and sta...

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Veröffentlicht in:Digital signal processing Jg. 164; S. 105281
Hauptverfasser: Dai, Yawen, Yang, Lei, Cao, Yifei
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Elsevier Inc 01.09.2025
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Abstract Long baseline localization relies on trilateration, with the least squares method being utilized to determine the unique position of underwater sources. However, it is highly sensitive to distance measurements from any of the reference beacons to the source. Furthermore, achieving continuous and stable high-precision distance measurements presents a significant challenge in complex marine environments. To address this practical problem, this paper proposes a long baseline underwater source localization method based on deep K-Means++ clustering. A three-layer stack denoising autoencoder (SDA) was utilized to extract the features of the trilateration results. Subsequently, the K-Means++ algorithm was utilized to conduct multi-source location cluster analysis and fine-tuning. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the existing Kmeans-based long baseline localization method, the proposed approach demonstrates a modest enhancement in localization accuracy. Concurrently, it has led to an average increase of 7 percentage points in normalized mutual information (NMI), a rise of 8 percentage points in the adjusted Rand index (ARI), and an improvement of 2.5 percentage points in clustering accuracy (ACC). This not only ensures the stability and robustness of accuracy against ocean noise in long baseline mode but also enhances the operational efficiency and versatility of clustering methods applied within this field.
AbstractList Long baseline localization relies on trilateration, with the least squares method being utilized to determine the unique position of underwater sources. However, it is highly sensitive to distance measurements from any of the reference beacons to the source. Furthermore, achieving continuous and stable high-precision distance measurements presents a significant challenge in complex marine environments. To address this practical problem, this paper proposes a long baseline underwater source localization method based on deep K-Means++ clustering. A three-layer stack denoising autoencoder (SDA) was utilized to extract the features of the trilateration results. Subsequently, the K-Means++ algorithm was utilized to conduct multi-source location cluster analysis and fine-tuning. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the existing Kmeans-based long baseline localization method, the proposed approach demonstrates a modest enhancement in localization accuracy. Concurrently, it has led to an average increase of 7 percentage points in normalized mutual information (NMI), a rise of 8 percentage points in the adjusted Rand index (ARI), and an improvement of 2.5 percentage points in clustering accuracy (ACC). This not only ensures the stability and robustness of accuracy against ocean noise in long baseline mode but also enhances the operational efficiency and versatility of clustering methods applied within this field.
ArticleNumber 105281
Author Dai, Yawen
Cao, Yifei
Yang, Lei
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  organization: Reconfigurable and Intelligent Computing Laboratory, School of Computer and Information, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
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  givenname: Yifei
  surname: Cao
  fullname: Cao, Yifei
  organization: School of Electrical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
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Keywords Long baseline
Underwater source localization
Deep K-Means++ clustering
Stack denoising autoencoder
Language English
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Snippet Long baseline localization relies on trilateration, with the least squares method being utilized to determine the unique position of underwater sources....
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StartPage 105281
SubjectTerms Deep K-Means++ clustering
Long baseline
Stack denoising autoencoder
Underwater source localization
Title Long baseline underwater source localization based on deep K-Means++ clustering in complex underwater environments
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2025.105281
Volume 164
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