New Insights into the Role of Crystalline Fe 3 P in Phosphatized Zerovalent Iron for Enhancing Advanced Oxidation Processes and Storage Stability

Zerovalent iron (ZVI) is a widely utilized remediation agent for contaminated soil and groundwater; however, it has consistently faced the challenge of balancing catalytic activity with storage stability. Herein, submicron ZVI particles were phosphatized to produce phosphatized ZVI (P-ZVI), which wa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology Vol. 59; no. 12; p. 6319
Main Authors: Wang, Xinhua, Zhang, Peng, Wang, Wenjiang, Rončević, Srd An D, Sun, Hongwen
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.04.2025
Subjects:
Catalysis
Ferric Compounds
Iron - chemistry
Oxidation-Reduction
surface stability control
peroxydisulfate activation
PDS efficiency
zerovalent iron
phosphatization
ISSN:1520-5851
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Zerovalent iron (ZVI) is a widely utilized remediation agent for contaminated soil and groundwater; however, it has consistently faced the challenge of balancing catalytic activity with storage stability. Herein, submicron ZVI particles were phosphatized to produce phosphatized ZVI (P-ZVI), which was employed to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for phenol degradation. As anticipated, phosphatization significantly enhanced both the storage stability (>10 months vs 1 d) and catalytic activity (4.37 vs 0.12 L m h ) of ZVI compared to unphosphatized counterparts attributed to the formation of a crystalline Fe P shell on P-ZVI. This Fe P shell selectively interacts with H O/O /PDS, maintaining the stability of P-ZVI under high humidity and oxygen conditions while creating mass transfer channels that enhance reactivity in the presence of PDS. Characterization results from the reaction process demonstrated that the Fe P shell activated PDS through both direct (via Fe cations) and indirect pathways (through a phosphorus anion-mediated Fe /Fe cycle), generating reactive species and facilitating mass transfer between core Fe and external PDS for efficient PDS activation and phenol degradation. This study elucidates how constructing an Fe P shell can realize selective activation of PDS while simultaneously enhancing both the storage and catalytic stabilities of ZVI, thereby boosting the practical application of PDS-based advanced oxidation processes in various environmental remediation.
ISSN:1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.4c14797