A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting

The Palais-Smale condition was introduced by Palais and Smale in the mid-sixties and applied to an extension of Morse theory to infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Later this condition was extended by Palais for the more general case of real functions over Banach-Finsler manifolds in order to obtai...

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Vydané v:Trudy Meždunarodnogo geometričeskogo centra Ročník 11; číslo 1
Hlavný autor: Eftekharinasab, Kaveh
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Odesa National University of Technology 10.06.2018
Predmet:
Ekelend's variational principle
Fr\’{e}chet-Finsler manifold
The Palais-Smale condition
ISSN:2072-9812, 2409-8906
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Abstract The Palais-Smale condition was introduced by Palais and Smale in the mid-sixties and applied to an extension of Morse theory to infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Later this condition was extended by Palais for the more general case of real functions over Banach-Finsler manifolds in order to obtain Lusternik-Schnirelman theory in this setting.   Despite the importance of Fr\'{e}chet spaces, critical point theories have not been developed yet in these spaces.Our aim in this paper is to extend the Palais-Smale condition to the cases of $C^1$-functionals on Fr\'{e}chet spaces and Fr\'{e}chet-Finsler manifolds of class  $C^1$.    The difficulty in the Fr\'{e}chet  setting is the  lack of a general solvability theory for differential equations. This restricts us to adapt the deformation results (which are essential tools to locate critical points) as they appear as solutions of Cauchy problems. However,  Ekeland proved the result, today is known as Ekleand’s variational principle, concerning the existence of almost-minimums for a wide class of real functions on complete metric spaces. This principle can be used to obtain minimizing Palais-Smale sequences.  We use this principle along with the introduced conditions to obtain some customary results concerning the existence of minima in the Fr\'{e}chet setting.Recently it has been developed the projective limit techniques to overcome problems (such as  solvability theory for differential equations) with Fr\'{e}chet spaces. The idea of this approach is to represent a Fr\'{e}chet space as the projective limit of Banach spaces. This approach provides solutions for a wide class of differential equations and every Fr\'{e}chet space and therefore can be used to obtain deformation results.  This method would  be the proper framework for further development of critical point theory in the Fr\'{e}chet setting.
AbstractList The Palais-Smale condition was introduced by Palais and Smale in the mid-sixties and applied to an extension of Morse theory to infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Later this condition was extended by Palais for the more general case of real functions over Banach-Finsler manifolds in order to obtain Lusternik-Schnirelman theory in this setting.   Despite the importance of Fr\'{e}chet spaces, critical point theories have not been developed yet in these spaces. Our aim in this paper is to extend the Palais-Smale condition to the cases of $C^1$-functionals on Fr\'{e}chet spaces and Fr\'{e}chet-Finsler manifolds of class  $C^1$.     The difficulty in the Fr\'{e}chet  setting is the  lack of a general solvability theory for differential equations. This restricts us to adapt the deformation results (which are essential tools to locate critical points) as they appear as solutions of Cauchy problems. However,  Ekeland proved the result, today is known as Ekleand’s variational principle, concerning the existence of almost-minimums for a wide class of real functions on complete metric spaces. This principle can be used to obtain minimizing Palais-Smale sequences.  We use this principle along with the introduced conditions to obtain some customary results concerning the existence of minima in the Fr\'{e}chet setting. Recently it has been developed the projective limit techniques to overcome problems (such as  solvability theory for differential equations) with Fr\'{e}chet spaces. The idea of this approach is to represent a Fr\'{e}chet space as the projective limit of Banach spaces. This approach provides solutions for a wide class of differential equations and every Fr\'{e}chet space and therefore can be used to obtain deformation results.  This method would  be the proper framework for further development of critical point theory in the Fr\'{e}chet setting.
Author Eftekharinasab, Kaveh
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Cites_doi 10.1090/S0002-9904-1964-11062-4
10.1007/s11784-010-0019-7
10.4064/sm168-1-6
10.1090/S0273-0979-1982-15004-2
10.1007/BFb0070564
10.1016/0022-247X(74)90025-0
10.1007/978-3-0348-8227-9_6
10.1007/s11537-006-0606-y
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SubjectTerms Ekelend's variational principle
Fr\’{e}chet-Finsler manifold
The Palais-Smale condition
Title A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting
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