The Fundamental Aspects of Ferro-Alloy Production from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Reduction Using Calcium-Aluminate Slags

The production of ferro-alloys from waste Li-ion batteries has been examined thermosdynamically and experimentally. It was found that Co and Ni can be reduced even with relatively low pCO/pCO2 ratios in the gas phase, while the reduction of Mn or Fe requires strongly reducing conditions and higher t...

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Published in:Hungarian materials and chemical sciences and engineering (Online) Vol. 47; no. 1; pp. 79 - 87
Main Authors: Illés, István B., Kékesi, Tamás
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Miskolc University of Miskolc 05.11.2023
Subjects:
Alloys
Calcium aluminum ferrite
Ferroalloys
Ferromanganese
Graphite
Iron
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
Magnesium
Manganese
Metal oxides
Metals
Nickel
Oxidation
Rechargeable batteries
Reduction
Slag
Vapor phases
ISSN:3004-0000, 3004-0817
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The production of ferro-alloys from waste Li-ion batteries has been examined thermosdynamically and experimentally. It was found that Co and Ni can be reduced even with relatively low pCO/pCO2 ratios in the gas phase, while the reduction of Mn or Fe requires strongly reducing conditions and higher temperatures. Even the reduction and selective recovery of Li are thermodynamically possible due to the possible evaporation. The optimum slag compositions were evaluated theoretically, followed by an experimental investigation. Ferrocobalt, ferrocobalt-nickel and ferrocobalt-nickelmanganese were produced using calcium-magnesium-ferrite type slags. Furthermore, secondary Al dross – containing Al – was also tested both as a reducing and a slag-forming agent for the production of ferrocobalt and ferromanganese affiné.
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ISSN:3004-0000
3004-0817
DOI:10.32974/mse.2022.008