The thin edge of the wedge: extremely high extinction risk in wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes

The process of understanding the rapid global decline of sawfishes (Pristidae) has revealed great concern for their relatives, the wedgefishes (Rhinidae) and giant guitarfishes (Glaucostegidae), not least because all three families are targeted for their high-value and internationally-traded white f...

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Published in:bioRxiv
Main Authors: Kyne, Peter M, Jabado, Rima W, Rigby, Cassandra L, Dharmadi, Gore, Mauvis A, Pollock, Caroline M, Herman, Katelyn B, Cheok, Jessica, Ebert, David A, Simpfendorfer, Colin A, Dulvy, Nicholas K
Format: Paper
Language:English
Published: Cold Spring Harbor Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 10.06.2019
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Edition:1.3
Subjects:
Biogeography
Ecology
Endangered & extinct species
Endangered species
Extinction
Fins
Fisheries
Fishing
Food security
Food sources
Life history
Management
Meat
Population status
Pristidae
Rhinobatidae
Species extinction
Australia
shark-like rays
wildlife trade
elasmobranchs
fisheries
IUCN Red List
threatened species
ISSN:2692-8205, 2692-8205
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Abstract The process of understanding the rapid global decline of sawfishes (Pristidae) has revealed great concern for their relatives, the wedgefishes (Rhinidae) and giant guitarfishes (Glaucostegidae), not least because all three families are targeted for their high-value and internationally-traded white fins. The objective of this study was to assess the extinction risk of all 10 wedgefishes and 6 giant guitarfishes by applying the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, and to summarise their biogeography and habitat, life history, exploitation, use and trade, and population status. Wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes have overtaken sawfishes as the most imperilled marine fish families globally, with all but one of the 16 species facing an extremely high risk of extinction due to a combination of traits: limited biological productivity, presence in shallow waters overlapping with some of the most intense and increasing coastal fisheries in the world, and over-exploitation in target and bycatch fisheries driven by the need for animal protein and food security in coastal communities and trade in meat and high-value fins. Two species with very restricted ranges, the Clown Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus cooki) of the Indo-Malay Archipelago and the False Shark Ray (Rhynchorhina mauritaniensis) of Mauritania may be very close to extinction. Only the Eyebrow Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus palpebratus) is not assessed as Critically Endangered, due to it occurring primarily in Australia where fishing pressure is low, and some management measures are in place. Australia represents a lifeboat for the three wedgefish and one giant guitarfish species occurring there. To conserve populations and permit recovery, a suite of measures will be required which will need to include species protection, spatial management, bycatch mitigation, and harvest and international trade management, all of which will be dependent on effective enforcement. Footnotes * Revised Red List Indices; revised Rhynchobatus cooki status; revised Guinea management
AbstractList The process of understanding the rapid global decline of sawfishes (Pristidae) has revealed great concern for their relatives, the wedgefishes (Rhinidae) and giant guitarfishes (Glaucostegidae), not least because all three families are targeted for their high-value and internationally-traded ‘white’ fins. The objective of this study was to assess the extinction risk of all 10 wedgefishes and 6 giant guitarfishes by applying the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, and to summarise their biogeography and habitat, life history, exploitation, use and trade, and population status. Wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes have overtaken sawfishes as the most imperilled marine fish families globally, with all but one of the 16 species facing an extremely high risk of extinction due to a combination of traits – limited biological productivity, presence in shallow waters overlapping with some of the most intense and increasing coastal fisheries in the world, and over-exploitation in target and bycatch fisheries driven by the need for animal protein and food security in coastal communities and trade in meat and high-value fins. Two species with very restricted ranges, the Clown Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus cooki) of the Indo-Malay Archipelago and the False Shark Ray (Rhynchorhina mauritaniensis) of Mauritania may be very close to extinction. Only the Eyebrow Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus palpebratus) is not assessed as Critically Endangered, due to it occurring primarily in Australia where fishing pressure is low, and some management measures are in place. Australia represents a ‘lifeboat’ for the three wedgefish and one giant guitarfish species occurring there. To conserve populations and permit recovery, a suite of measures will be required which will need to include species protection, spatial management, bycatch mitigation, and harvest and international trade management, all of which will be dependent on effective enforcement.
The process of understanding the rapid global decline of sawfishes (Pristidae) has revealed great concern for their relatives, the wedgefishes (Rhinidae) and giant guitarfishes (Glaucostegidae), not least because all three families are targeted for their high-value and internationally-traded white fins. The objective of this study was to assess the extinction risk of all 10 wedgefishes and 6 giant guitarfishes by applying the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, and to summarise their biogeography and habitat, life history, exploitation, use and trade, and population status. Wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes have overtaken sawfishes as the most imperilled marine fish families globally, with all but one of the 16 species facing an extremely high risk of extinction due to a combination of traits: limited biological productivity, presence in shallow waters overlapping with some of the most intense and increasing coastal fisheries in the world, and over-exploitation in target and bycatch fisheries driven by the need for animal protein and food security in coastal communities and trade in meat and high-value fins. Two species with very restricted ranges, the Clown Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus cooki) of the Indo-Malay Archipelago and the False Shark Ray (Rhynchorhina mauritaniensis) of Mauritania may be very close to extinction. Only the Eyebrow Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus palpebratus) is not assessed as Critically Endangered, due to it occurring primarily in Australia where fishing pressure is low, and some management measures are in place. Australia represents a lifeboat for the three wedgefish and one giant guitarfish species occurring there. To conserve populations and permit recovery, a suite of measures will be required which will need to include species protection, spatial management, bycatch mitigation, and harvest and international trade management, all of which will be dependent on effective enforcement. Footnotes * Revised Red List Indices; revised Rhynchobatus cooki status; revised Guinea management
Author Herman, Katelyn B
Simpfendorfer, Colin A
Rigby, Cassandra L
Dulvy, Nicholas K
Dharmadi
Gore, Mauvis A
Pollock, Caroline M
Ebert, David A
Jabado, Rima W
Cheok, Jessica
Kyne, Peter M
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2019, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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Keywords shark-like rays
wildlife trade
elasmobranchs
fisheries
IUCN Red List
threatened species
Language English
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Snippet The process of understanding the rapid global decline of sawfishes (Pristidae) has revealed great concern for their relatives, the wedgefishes (Rhinidae) and...
SourceID biorxiv
proquest
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
SubjectTerms Biogeography
Ecology
Endangered & extinct species
Endangered species
Extinction
Fins
Fisheries
Fishing
Food security
Food sources
Life history
Management
Meat
Population status
Pristidae
Rhinobatidae
Species extinction
Title The thin edge of the wedge: extremely high extinction risk in wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2201952222
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595462
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