National action to combat AMR: a One-Health approach to assess policy priorities in action plans

Little is known about the overall trend and prioritisations of past and current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policies. Here we introduce a quantitative method to analyse AMR policies. The AMR-Policy Analysis Coding Toolkit (AMR-PACT) uses several categorical variables. Thirteen AMR action plans fr...

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Published in:	BMJ Global Health Vol. 5; no. 7; p. e002427
Main Authors:	Ogyu, Anju, Chan, Olivia, Littmann, Jasper, Pang, Herbert H, Lining, Xia, Liu, Ping, Matsunaga, Nobuaki, Ohmagari, Norio, Fukuda, Keiji, Wernli, Didier
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.07.2020 BMJ BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group
Subjects:	Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents China Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Bacterial Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects Environmental policy Global health Health Policy Hong Kong Humans Infectious and parasitic diseases info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320 Interdisciplinary aspects medical microbiology Medicine (General) One Health Original Research other study design R5-920 RC109-216 Variables Hong Kong China Hong Kong China medical microbiology other study design health policy
ISSN:	2059-7908, 2059-7908
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Abstract	Little is known about the overall trend and prioritisations of past and current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policies. Here we introduce a quantitative method to analyse AMR policies. The AMR-Policy Analysis Coding Toolkit (AMR-PACT) uses several categorical variables. Thirteen AMR action plans from five countries (China, Japan, Norway, the UK and the USA) were used to develop the tool and identify possible values for each variable. The scope and capability of AMR-PACT is demonstrated through the 2015 WHO’s Global Action Plan and 2017 Hong Kong AMR Action Plan (HKAP). Majority of policies were aimed at either human or animal sector with less attention given to the environment, plant or food sector. Both plans shared the same two strategic focus areas, namely the conservation of antibiotics and the improved surveillance of resistance. There were no policies dedicated to improving access to antibiotics in the HKAP. These empirical results provide useful insights into the priorities and gaps of AMR policies. The method proposed here can help understand countries’ priorities regarding AMR, support the creation of AMR policy database and foster innovative policymaking.
AbstractList	Little is known about the overall trend and prioritisations of past and current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policies. Here we introduce a quantitative method to analyse AMR policies. The AMR-Policy Analysis Coding Toolkit (AMR-PACT) uses several categorical variables. Thirteen AMR action plans from five countries (China, Japan, Norway, the UK and the USA) were used to develop the tool and identify possible values for each variable. The scope and capability of AMR-PACT is demonstrated through the 2015 WHO’s Global Action Plan and 2017 Hong Kong AMR Action Plan (HKAP). Majority of policies were aimed at either human or animal sector with less attention given to the environment, plant or food sector. Both plans shared the same two strategic focus areas, namely the conservation of antibiotics and the improved surveillance of resistance. There were no policies dedicated to improving access to antibiotics in the HKAP. These empirical results provide useful insights into the priorities and gaps of AMR policies. The method proposed here can help understand countries’ priorities regarding AMR, support the creation of AMR policy database and foster innovative policymaking. Little is known about the overall trend and prioritisations of past and current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policies. Here we introduce a quantitative method to analyse AMR policies. The AMR-Policy Analysis Coding Toolkit (AMR-PACT) uses several categorical variables. Thirteen AMR action plans from five countries (China, Japan, Norway, the UK and the USA) were used to develop the tool and identify possible values for each variable. The scope and capability of AMR-PACT is demonstrated through the 2015 WHO's Global Action Plan and 2017 Hong Kong AMR Action Plan (HKAP). Majority of policies were aimed at either human or animal sector with less attention given to the environment, plant or food sector. Both plans shared the same two strategic focus areas, namely the conservation of antibiotics and the improved surveillance of resistance. There were no policies dedicated to improving access to antibiotics in the HKAP. These empirical results provide useful insights into the priorities and gaps of AMR policies. The method proposed here can help understand countries' priorities regarding AMR, support the creation of AMR policy database and foster innovative policymaking.Little is known about the overall trend and prioritisations of past and current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policies. Here we introduce a quantitative method to analyse AMR policies. The AMR-Policy Analysis Coding Toolkit (AMR-PACT) uses several categorical variables. Thirteen AMR action plans from five countries (China, Japan, Norway, the UK and the USA) were used to develop the tool and identify possible values for each variable. The scope and capability of AMR-PACT is demonstrated through the 2015 WHO's Global Action Plan and 2017 Hong Kong AMR Action Plan (HKAP). Majority of policies were aimed at either human or animal sector with less attention given to the environment, plant or food sector. Both plans shared the same two strategic focus areas, namely the conservation of antibiotics and the improved surveillance of resistance. There were no policies dedicated to improving access to antibiotics in the HKAP. These empirical results provide useful insights into the priorities and gaps of AMR policies. The method proposed here can help understand countries' priorities regarding AMR, support the creation of AMR policy database and foster innovative policymaking.
Author	Ogyu, Anju Fukuda, Keiji Matsunaga, Nobuaki Chan, Olivia Ohmagari, Norio Wernli, Didier Littmann, Jasper Pang, Herbert H Liu, Ping Lining, Xia
AuthorAffiliation	4 AMR Clinical Reference Center , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Shinjuku-ku , Japan 5 Global Studies Institute , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland 1 School of Public Health , Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China 3 College of Veterinary Medicine , Xinjiang Agricultural University , Ulumuqi , China 2 Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 School of Public Health , Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China – name: 2 Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway – name: 5 Global Studies Institute , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland – name: 3 College of Veterinary Medicine , Xinjiang Agricultural University , Ulumuqi , China – name: 4 AMR Clinical Reference Center , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Shinjuku-ku , Japan
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Snippet	Little is known about the overall trend and prioritisations of past and current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policies. Here we introduce a quantitative...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents China Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Bacterial Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects Environmental policy Global health Health Policy Hong Kong Humans Infectious and parasitic diseases info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320 Interdisciplinary aspects medical microbiology Medicine (General) One Health Original Research other study design R5-920 RC109-216 Variables
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Title	National action to combat AMR: a One-Health approach to assess policy priorities in action plans
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