Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews
ObjectivesTo systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people’s (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy.MethodsSystematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question ‘What is the evidence for health and well-being...
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| Vydáno v: | BMJ open Ročník 9; číslo 1; s. e023191 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
England
British Medical Journal Publishing Group
01.01.2019
BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 2044-6055, 2044-6055 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | ObjectivesTo systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people’s (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy.MethodsSystematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question ‘What is the evidence for health and well-being effects of screentime in children and adolescents (CYP)?’ Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews in February 2018. Eligible reviews reported associations between time on screens (screentime; any type) and any health/well-being outcome in CYP. Quality of reviews was assessed and strength of evidence across reviews evaluated.Results13 reviews were identified (1 high quality, 9 medium and 3 low quality). 6 addressed body composition; 3 diet/energy intake; 7 mental health; 4 cardiovascular risk; 4 for fitness; 3 for sleep; 1 pain; 1 asthma. We found moderately strong evidence for associations between screentime and greater obesity/adiposity and higher depressive symptoms; moderate evidence for an association between screentime and higher energy intake, less healthy diet quality and poorer quality of life. There was weak evidence for associations of screentime with behaviour problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention, poorer self-esteem, poorer well-being and poorer psychosocial health, metabolic syndrome, poorer cardiorespiratory fitness, poorer cognitive development and lower educational attainments and poor sleep outcomes. There was no or insufficient evidence for an association of screentime with eating disorders or suicidal ideation, individual cardiovascular risk factors, asthma prevalence or pain. Evidence for threshold effects was weak. We found weak evidence that small amounts of daily screen use is not harmful and may have some benefits.ConclusionsThere is evidence that higher levels of screentime is associated with a variety of health harms for CYP, with evidence strongest for adiposity, unhealthy diet, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Evidence to guide policy on safe CYP screentime exposure is limited.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018089483. |
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| AbstractList | To systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people's (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy.OBJECTIVESTo systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people's (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy.Systematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question 'What is the evidence for health and well-being effects of screentime in children and adolescents (CYP)?' Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews in February 2018. Eligible reviews reported associations between time on screens (screentime; any type) and any health/well-being outcome in CYP. Quality of reviews was assessed and strength of evidence across reviews evaluated.METHODSSystematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question 'What is the evidence for health and well-being effects of screentime in children and adolescents (CYP)?' Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews in February 2018. Eligible reviews reported associations between time on screens (screentime; any type) and any health/well-being outcome in CYP. Quality of reviews was assessed and strength of evidence across reviews evaluated.13 reviews were identified (1 high quality, 9 medium and 3 low quality). 6 addressed body composition; 3 diet/energy intake; 7 mental health; 4 cardiovascular risk; 4 for fitness; 3 for sleep; 1 pain; 1 asthma. We found moderately strong evidence for associations between screentime and greater obesity/adiposity and higher depressive symptoms; moderate evidence for an association between screentime and higher energy intake, less healthy diet quality and poorer quality of life. There was weak evidence for associations of screentime with behaviour problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention, poorer self-esteem, poorer well-being and poorer psychosocial health, metabolic syndrome, poorer cardiorespiratory fitness, poorer cognitive development and lower educational attainments and poor sleep outcomes. There was no or insufficient evidence for an association of screentime with eating disorders or suicidal ideation, individual cardiovascular risk factors, asthma prevalence or pain. Evidence for threshold effects was weak. We found weak evidence that small amounts of daily screen use is not harmful and may have some benefits.RESULTS13 reviews were identified (1 high quality, 9 medium and 3 low quality). 6 addressed body composition; 3 diet/energy intake; 7 mental health; 4 cardiovascular risk; 4 for fitness; 3 for sleep; 1 pain; 1 asthma. We found moderately strong evidence for associations between screentime and greater obesity/adiposity and higher depressive symptoms; moderate evidence for an association between screentime and higher energy intake, less healthy diet quality and poorer quality of life. There was weak evidence for associations of screentime with behaviour problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention, poorer self-esteem, poorer well-being and poorer psychosocial health, metabolic syndrome, poorer cardiorespiratory fitness, poorer cognitive development and lower educational attainments and poor sleep outcomes. There was no or insufficient evidence for an association of screentime with eating disorders or suicidal ideation, individual cardiovascular risk factors, asthma prevalence or pain. Evidence for threshold effects was weak. We found weak evidence that small amounts of daily screen use is not harmful and may have some benefits.There is evidence that higher levels of screentime is associated with a variety of health harms for CYP, with evidence strongest for adiposity, unhealthy diet, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Evidence to guide policy on safe CYP screentime exposure is limited.CONCLUSIONSThere is evidence that higher levels of screentime is associated with a variety of health harms for CYP, with evidence strongest for adiposity, unhealthy diet, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Evidence to guide policy on safe CYP screentime exposure is limited.CRD42018089483.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBERCRD42018089483. ObjectivesTo systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people’s (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy.MethodsSystematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question ‘What is the evidence for health and well-being effects of screentime in children and adolescents (CYP)?’ Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews in February 2018. Eligible reviews reported associations between time on screens (screentime; any type) and any health/well-being outcome in CYP. Quality of reviews was assessed and strength of evidence across reviews evaluated.Results13 reviews were identified (1 high quality, 9 medium and 3 low quality). 6 addressed body composition; 3 diet/energy intake; 7 mental health; 4 cardiovascular risk; 4 for fitness; 3 for sleep; 1 pain; 1 asthma. We found moderately strong evidence for associations between screentime and greater obesity/adiposity and higher depressive symptoms; moderate evidence for an association between screentime and higher energy intake, less healthy diet quality and poorer quality of life. There was weak evidence for associations of screentime with behaviour problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention, poorer self-esteem, poorer well-being and poorer psychosocial health, metabolic syndrome, poorer cardiorespiratory fitness, poorer cognitive development and lower educational attainments and poor sleep outcomes. There was no or insufficient evidence for an association of screentime with eating disorders or suicidal ideation, individual cardiovascular risk factors, asthma prevalence or pain. Evidence for threshold effects was weak. We found weak evidence that small amounts of daily screen use is not harmful and may have some benefits.ConclusionsThere is evidence that higher levels of screentime is associated with a variety of health harms for CYP, with evidence strongest for adiposity, unhealthy diet, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Evidence to guide policy on safe CYP screentime exposure is limited.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018089483. Objectives To systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people’s (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy.Methods Systematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question ‘What is the evidence for health and well-being effects of screentime in children and adolescents (CYP)?’ Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews in February 2018. Eligible reviews reported associations between time on screens (screentime; any type) and any health/well-being outcome in CYP. Quality of reviews was assessed and strength of evidence across reviews evaluated.Results 13 reviews were identified (1 high quality, 9 medium and 3 low quality). 6 addressed body composition; 3 diet/energy intake; 7 mental health; 4 cardiovascular risk; 4 for fitness; 3 for sleep; 1 pain; 1 asthma. We found moderately strong evidence for associations between screentime and greater obesity/adiposity and higher depressive symptoms; moderate evidence for an association between screentime and higher energy intake, less healthy diet quality and poorer quality of life. There was weak evidence for associations of screentime with behaviour problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention, poorer self-esteem, poorer well-being and poorer psychosocial health, metabolic syndrome, poorer cardiorespiratory fitness, poorer cognitive development and lower educational attainments and poor sleep outcomes. There was no or insufficient evidence for an association of screentime with eating disorders or suicidal ideation, individual cardiovascular risk factors, asthma prevalence or pain. Evidence for threshold effects was weak. We found weak evidence that small amounts of daily screen use is not harmful and may have some benefits.Conclusions There is evidence that higher levels of screentime is associated with a variety of health harms for CYP, with evidence strongest for adiposity, unhealthy diet, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Evidence to guide policy on safe CYP screentime exposure is limited.PROSPERO registration number CRD42018089483. To systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people's (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy. Systematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question 'What is the evidence for health and well-being effects of screentime in children and adolescents (CYP)?' Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews in February 2018. Eligible reviews reported associations between time on screens (screentime; any type) and any health/well-being outcome in CYP. Quality of reviews was assessed and strength of evidence across reviews evaluated. 13 reviews were identified (1 high quality, 9 medium and 3 low quality). 6 addressed body composition; 3 diet/energy intake; 7 mental health; 4 cardiovascular risk; 4 for fitness; 3 for sleep; 1 pain; 1 asthma. We found moderately strong evidence for associations between screentime and greater obesity/adiposity and higher depressive symptoms; moderate evidence for an association between screentime and higher energy intake, less healthy diet quality and poorer quality of life. There was weak evidence for associations of screentime with behaviour problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention, poorer self-esteem, poorer well-being and poorer psychosocial health, metabolic syndrome, poorer cardiorespiratory fitness, poorer cognitive development and lower educational attainments and poor sleep outcomes. There was no or insufficient evidence for an association of screentime with eating disorders or suicidal ideation, individual cardiovascular risk factors, asthma prevalence or pain. Evidence for threshold effects was weak. We found weak evidence that small amounts of daily screen use is not harmful and may have some benefits. There is evidence that higher levels of screentime is associated with a variety of health harms for CYP, with evidence strongest for adiposity, unhealthy diet, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Evidence to guide policy on safe CYP screentime exposure is limited. CRD42018089483. |
| Author | Viner, Russell M Stiglic, Neza |
| AuthorAffiliation | Population, policy and practice research programme , UCL Institute of Child Health , London , UK |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Population, policy and practice research programme , UCL Institute of Child Health , London , UK |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Neza surname: Stiglic fullname: Stiglic, Neza organization: Population, policy and practice research programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Russell M orcidid: 0000-0003-3047-2247 surname: Viner fullname: Viner, Russell M organization: Population, policy and practice research programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30606703$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | screentime mental health obesity chil health |
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| References | Przybylski, Weinstein (R26) 2017; 28 Domingues-Montanari (R4) 2017; 53 Reid Chassiakos, Radesky, Christakis (R5) 2016; 138 Suchert, Hanewinkel, Isensee (R21) 2015; 76 Wu, Han, Zhang (R22) 2017; 12 Hoare, Milton, Foster (R20) 2016; 13 Shackleton, Jamal, Viner (R15) 2016; 39 Carson, Hunter, Kuzik (R17) 2016; 41 Etchells (R12) 2016 van Ekris, Altenburg, Singh (R11) 2016; 17 Liberati, Altman, Tetzlaff (R14) 2009; 339 (R6) 2017; 22 Marsh, Ni Mhurchu, Maddison (R1) 2013; 71 Iannotti, Janssen, Haug (R2) 2009; 54 Suppl 2 Klesges, Shelton, Klesges (R3) 1993; 91 Ferguson, Beresin (R7) 2017; 99 Goncalves de Oliveira, Pinto Guedes, Activity (R23) 2016; 11 Straker, Zabatiero, Danby (R13) 2018; 202 Pearson, Biddle (R19) 2011; 41 Jago, Sebire, Gorely (R25) 2011; 8 Duch, Fisher, Ensari (R9) 2013; 10 Tremblay, LeBlanc, Kho (R10) 2011; 8 Costigan, Barnett, Plotnikoff (R8) 2013; 52 Caird, Sutcliffe, Kwan (R16) 2014 Thomson, Russell, Becker (R27) 2010; 1 LeBlanc, Spence, Carson (R18) 2012; 37 Costigan, Barnett, Plotnikoff 2013; 52 Goncalves de Oliveira, Pinto Guedes, Activity 2016; 11 Ferguson, Beresin 2017; 99 Tremblay, LeBlanc, Kho 2011; 8 Iannotti, Janssen, Haug 2009; 54 Suppl 2 2017; 22 Reid Chassiakos, Radesky, Christakis 2016; 138 Przybylski, Weinstein 2017; 28 Caird, Sutcliffe, Kwan 2014 Hoare, Milton, Foster 2016; 13 Klesges, Shelton, Klesges 1993; 91 Carson, Hunter, Kuzik 2016; 41 Liberati, Altman, Tetzlaff 2009; 339 LeBlanc, Spence, Carson 2012; 37 Pearson, Biddle 2011; 41 Domingues-Montanari 2017; 53 Marsh, Ni Mhurchu, Maddison 2013; 71 Wu, Han, Zhang 2017; 12 van Ekris, Altenburg, Singh 2016; 17 Straker, Zabatiero, Danby 2018; 202 Etchells 2016 Thomson, Russell, Becker 2010; 1 Suchert, Hanewinkel, Isensee 2015; 76 Shackleton, Jamal, Viner 2016; 39 Duch, Fisher, Ensari 2013; 10 Jago, Sebire, Gorely 2011; 8 Ferguson (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.7) 2017; 99 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.16 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.19 Duch (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.9) 2013; 10 Iannotti (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.2) 2009; 54 Suppl 2 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.21 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.24 Przybylski (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.26) 2017; 28 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.23 Domingues-Montanari (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.4) 2017; 53 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.25 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.27 (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.6) 2017; 22 van Ekris (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.11) 2016; 17 LeBlanc (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.18) 2012; 37 Klesges (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.3) 1993; 91 Straker (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.13) 2018; 202 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.1 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.5 Wu (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.22) 2017; 12 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.10 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.12 Shackleton (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.15) 2016; 39 Hoare (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.20) 2016; 13 Carson (2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.17) 2016; 41 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.8 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.14 |
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Screen time and young children: Promoting health and development in a digital world publication-title: Paediatr Child Health – volume: 52 start-page: 382 year: 2013 article-title: The health indicators associated with screen-based sedentary behavior among adolescent girls: a systematic review publication-title: J Adolesc Health doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.07.018 – volume: 11 start-page: 1 year: 2016 article-title: Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Evidence publication-title: PLos One – volume: 12 year: 2017 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.22 article-title: The influence of physical activity, sedentary behavior on health-related quality of life among the general population of children and adolescents: A systematic review publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187668 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.1 doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.017 – volume: 41 start-page: S240 year: 2016 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.17 article-title: Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update publication-title: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0630 – volume: 39 start-page: 168 year: 2016 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.15 article-title: Systematic review of reviews of observational studies of school-level effects on sexual health, violence and substance use publication-title: Health Place doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.04.002 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.24 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.5 doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2593 – volume: 13 start-page: 108 year: 2016 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.20 article-title: The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review publication-title: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act doi: 10.1186/s12966-016-0432-4 – volume: 28 start-page: 204 year: 2017 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.26 article-title: A large-scale test of the goldilocks hypothesis publication-title: Psychol Sci doi: 10.1177/0956797616678438 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.12 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.21 doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.026 – volume: 17 start-page: 833 year: 2016 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.11 article-title: An evidence-update on the prospective relationship between childhood sedentary behaviour and biomedical health indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: Obes Rev doi: 10.1111/obr.12426 – volume: 53 start-page: 333 year: 2017 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.4 article-title: Clinical and psychological effects of excessive screen time on children publication-title: J Paediatr Child Health doi: 10.1111/jpc.13462 – volume: 99 start-page: 69 year: 2017 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.7 article-title: Social science’s curious war with pop culture and how it was lost: The media violence debate and the risks it holds for social science publication-title: Prev Med doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.02.009 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.14 doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2700 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.23 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162755 – volume: 91 start-page: 281 year: 1993 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.3 article-title: Effects of television on metabolic rate: potential implications for childhood obesity publication-title: Pediatrics doi: 10.1542/peds.91.2.281 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.25 doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-85 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.16 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.19 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.002 – volume: 54 Suppl 2 start-page: 191 issue: Suppl 2 year: 2009 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.2 article-title: Interrelationships of adolescent physical activity, screen-based sedentary behaviour, and social and psychological health publication-title: Int J Public Health doi: 10.1007/s00038-009-5410-z – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.8 doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.07.018 – volume: 37 start-page: 753 year: 2012 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.18 article-title: Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in the early years (aged 04 years) publication-title: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism doi: 10.1139/h2012-063 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.27 doi: 10.1002/jrsm.30 – ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.10 doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-98 – volume: 22 start-page: 461 year: 2017 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.6 article-title: Canadian Paediatric Society DHTFOO. Screen time and young children: Promoting health and development in a digital world publication-title: Paediatr Child Health doi: 10.1093/pch/pxx123 – volume: 10 start-page: 102 year: 2013 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.9 article-title: Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates publication-title: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-102 – volume: 202 start-page: 300 year: 2018 ident: 2024051713400385000_9.1.e023191.13 article-title: Conflicting guidelines on young children’s screen time and use of digital technology create policy and practice dilemmas publication-title: J Pediatr doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.019 |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adolescent Behavior chil health Child Child & adolescent psychiatry Child Behavior Child psychology Child, Preschool Childrens health Computer use Depression - psychology Energy Energy intake Evidence-based medicine Exercise Fast food Feeding Behavior Humans Internet Mental health Meta-analysis Metabolism Nutrition Obesity Paediatrics Pediatric Obesity - physiopathology Physiology Quality of Life Review Literature as Topic Screen Time screentime Suicidal behavior Systematic review Teenagers Television User behavior Well being |
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| Title | Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews |
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