How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness
The modern-day athlete participating in elite sports is exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendar. Emerging evidence indicates that inappropriate load management is a significant risk factor for acute illness and the overtraining syndrome. The IOC convened an exp...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | British journal of sports medicine Jg. 50; H. 17; S. 1043 - 1052 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article Tagungsbericht |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
England
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
01.09.2016
BMJ Publishing Group |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0306-3674, 1473-0480, 1473-0480 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
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| Abstract | The modern-day athlete participating in elite sports is exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendar. Emerging evidence indicates that inappropriate load management is a significant risk factor for acute illness and the overtraining syndrome. The IOC convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of load—including rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and travel—and health outcomes in sport. This paper summarises the results linking load to risk of illness and overtraining in athletes, and provides athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines for appropriate load management to reduce the risk of illness and overtraining in sport. These include guidelines for prescription of training and competition load, as well as for monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and illness. In the process, urgent research priorities were identified. |
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| AbstractList | The modern-day athlete participating in elite sports is exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendar. Emerging evidence indicates that inappropriate load management is a significant risk factor for acute illness and the overtraining syndrome. The IOC convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of load—including rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and travel—and health outcomes in sport. This paper summarises the results linking load to risk of illness and overtraining in athletes, and provides athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines for appropriate load management to reduce the risk of illness and overtraining in sport. These include guidelines for prescription of training and competition load, as well as for monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and illness. In the process, urgent research priorities were identified. The modern-day athlete participating in elite sports is exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendar. Emerging evidence indicates that inappropriate load management is a significant risk factor for acute illness and the overtraining syndrome. The IOC convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of loadincluding rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and traveland health outcomes in sport. This paper summarises the results linking load to risk of illness and overtraining in athletes, and provides athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines for appropriate load management to reduce the risk of illness and overtraining in sport. These include guidelines for prescription of training and competition load, as well as for monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and illness. In the process, urgent research priorities were identified. |
| Author | Clarsen, Ben Dijkstra, H Paul Engebretsen, Lars Schwellnus, Martin Hutchinson, Mark R Alonso, Juan-Manuel Raftery, Martin Budgett, Richard Meeusen, Romain Gleeson, Michael Pluim, Babette M Orchard, John W Hägglund, Martin Gabbett, Tim J Soligard, Torbjørn Janse Van Rensburg, Christa Bahr, Roald |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane , Australia and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane , Australia 14 World Rugby , Dublin , Ireland 1 Faculty of Health Sciences , Institute for Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Research, Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa 3 Sports Medicine Department , Aspetar, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha , Qatar 15 Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway 2 Medical and Scientific Department , International Olympic Committee , Lausanne , Switzerland 5 Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen) , Oslo , Norway 7 School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK 9 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA 8 Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sw |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 15 Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway – name: 9 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA – name: 1 Faculty of Health Sciences , Institute for Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Research, Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa – name: 3 Sports Medicine Department , Aspetar, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha , Qatar – name: 4 Department of Sports Medicine , Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences , Oslo , Norway – name: 10 Human Physiology Research Group , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium – name: 7 School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK – name: 2 Medical and Scientific Department , International Olympic Committee , Lausanne , Switzerland – name: 5 Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen) , Oslo , Norway – name: 6 School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane , Australia and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane , Australia – name: 8 Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden – name: 13 Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, VUmc/AMC , Amsterdam , The Netherlands – name: 14 World Rugby , Dublin , Ireland – name: 11 School of Public Health, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia – name: 12 Medical Department , Royal Dutch Lawn Tennis Association , Amersfoort , The Netherlands |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Martin surname: Schwellnus fullname: Schwellnus, Martin email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Research, Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa – sequence: 2 givenname: Torbjørn orcidid: 0000-0001-8863-4574 surname: Soligard fullname: Soligard, Torbjørn email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Juan-Manuel surname: Alonso fullname: Alonso, Juan-Manuel email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar – sequence: 4 givenname: Roald surname: Bahr fullname: Bahr, Roald email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway – sequence: 5 givenname: Ben surname: Clarsen fullname: Clarsen, Ben email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway – sequence: 6 givenname: H Paul surname: Dijkstra fullname: Dijkstra, H Paul email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar – sequence: 7 givenname: Tim J surname: Gabbett fullname: Gabbett, Tim J email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia – sequence: 8 givenname: Michael surname: Gleeson fullname: Gleeson, Michael email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK – sequence: 9 givenname: Martin orcidid: 0000-0002-6883-1471 surname: Hägglund fullname: Hägglund, Martin email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden – sequence: 10 givenname: Mark R surname: Hutchinson fullname: Hutchinson, Mark R email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Christa surname: Janse Van Rensburg fullname: Janse Van Rensburg, Christa email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Research, Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa – sequence: 12 givenname: Romain surname: Meeusen fullname: Meeusen, Romain email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium – sequence: 13 givenname: John W surname: Orchard fullname: Orchard, John W email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia – sequence: 14 givenname: Babette M surname: Pluim fullname: Pluim, Babette M email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, VUmc/AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 15 givenname: Martin surname: Raftery fullname: Raftery, Martin email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland – sequence: 16 givenname: Richard surname: Budgett fullname: Budgett, Richard email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland – sequence: 17 givenname: Lars surname: Engebretsen fullname: Engebretsen, Lars email: martin.schwellnus@up.ac.za organization: Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27535991$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132063$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Linköpings universitet) |
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29 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.90 Walsh (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.1) 2011; 17 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.13 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.14 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.11 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.99 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.12 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.17 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.18 Saw (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.38) 2015; 50 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.15 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.16 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.91 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.92 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.97 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.10 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.95 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.88 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.89 Hanstock (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.60) 2016; 48 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.83 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.86 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.85 Putlur (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.96) 2004; 3 (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.26) 2007; 12 Mårtensson (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.77) 2014; 13 Nieman (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.57) 2006; 46 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.3 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.35 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.2 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.36 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.33 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.34 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.7 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.39 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.6 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.5 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.37 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.4 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.31 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.32 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.30 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.9 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.19 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.8 Matthews (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.69) 2010; 1 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.24 Nieman (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.84) 1989; 29 Walsh (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.51) 2015; 94 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.23 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.28 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.29 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.27 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.20 Heath (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.67) 1991; 23 Peters (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.81) 1990; 5 Kellmann (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.94) 2010; 20 Schwellnus (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.21) 2010; 23 Peters (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.80) 1983; 64 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.58 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.55 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.56 Walsh (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.98) 2011; 17 Newman-Klee (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.87) 2007; 77 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.59 Nieman (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.82) 1990; 30 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.50 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.53 Bermon (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.22) 2007; 13 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.54 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.52 Weidner (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.25) 1996; 31 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.46 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.47 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.44 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.45 Main (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.93) 2010; 50 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.48 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.49 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.42 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.43 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.40 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.41 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.100 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.101 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.102 Cunniffe (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.78) 2011; 43 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.79 Peters (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.66) 1993; 57 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.71 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.72 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.70 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.75 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.76 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.73 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.74 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.68 Shephard (2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.63) 1999; 27 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.61 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.64 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.65 2025080113335739000_50.17.1043.62 28254743 - Br J Sports Med. 2017 Jul;51(13):1046 |
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| SubjectTerms | Acute Disease - epidemiology Acute Disease - therapy Athletes - education Athletes with disabilities Athletic Injuries - etiology Athletic Injuries - physiopathology Athletic Performance - physiology Biomarkers - analysis Consensus Statement Cumulative Trauma Disorders - etiology Cumulative Trauma Disorders - physiopathology Epidemiology Evidence-Based Medicine Female Females Health Promotion - methods Healthy Diet Humans Immune System - physiology Male Males Olympic games Paralympic Games Physical Education and Training Practice Guidelines as Topic Professional Practice - standards Return to Sport - physiology Risk Factors Rugby Sports injuries Sports Medicine Stress, Psychological - prevention & control Studies Summer Terminology as Topic Tournaments & championships Travel Travel medicine Well being Winter sports Workload |
| Title | How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness |
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