Trends and demographic differences in interpersonal violence against children in sub-Saharan Africa: findings from the 1990–2019 Global Burden of Disease Study
ObjectivesTo analyse the past 30-year trends in mortality and morbidity of interpersonal violence against children, its demographic distribution and correlation with specific risk factors.DesignEcological study at the country and regional level.Setting46 countries and 4 subregions of sub-Saharan Afr...
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| Vydáno v: | BMJ open Ročník 15; číslo 4; s. e083070 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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England
British Medical Journal Publishing Group
28.04.2025
BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group |
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| ISSN: | 2044-6055, 2044-6055 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | ObjectivesTo analyse the past 30-year trends in mortality and morbidity of interpersonal violence against children, its demographic distribution and correlation with specific risk factors.DesignEcological study at the country and regional level.Setting46 countries and 4 subregions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Central, Eastern, Southern and Western.ParticipantsChildren aged 0–19 years old.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTrends in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to interpersonal violence injuries in children; correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI)/alcohol consumption per capita and child interpersonal violence.ResultsDeaths and DALYs per 100 000 population from child violence-related injuries in SSA declined from 4.0 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.3–4.9) to 3.1 (95% UI: 2.3 to 3.9) and 334.9 (95% UI: 276.4 to 407.7) to 260.3 (95% UI: 197.9 to 321.9) respectively from 1990 to 2019 (reductions of 22.5% and 22.3%). Southern SSA had the highest deaths/DALYs rates for each type of physical violence (sharp object/firearm/other) and Central SSA for sexual violence. Alcohol consumption correlated significantly with deaths and DALYs, but SDI showed a non-significant correlation.ConclusionsRates of child interpersonal violence deaths and DALYs decreased from 2009 to 2019 in SSA, driven by remarkable decreases in the Southern subregion. Understanding the determinants of these downward trends and implementation of policies targeting known risk factors like alcohol consumption may pave the way for enhanced child safety protection. Further curbing the disparities between countries and subregions necessitates long-term commitment to evidence-based action plans. |
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| AbstractList | Objectives To analyse the past 30-year trends in mortality and morbidity of interpersonal violence against children, its demographic distribution and correlation with specific risk factors.Design Ecological study at the country and regional level.Setting 46 countries and 4 subregions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Central, Eastern, Southern and Western.Participants Children aged 0–19 years old.Primary and secondary outcome measures Trends in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to interpersonal violence injuries in children; correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI)/alcohol consumption per capita and child interpersonal violence.Results Deaths and DALYs per 100 000 population from child violence-related injuries in SSA declined from 4.0 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.3–4.9) to 3.1 (95% UI: 2.3 to 3.9) and 334.9 (95% UI: 276.4 to 407.7) to 260.3 (95% UI: 197.9 to 321.9) respectively from 1990 to 2019 (reductions of 22.5% and 22.3%). Southern SSA had the highest deaths/DALYs rates for each type of physical violence (sharp object/firearm/other) and Central SSA for sexual violence. Alcohol consumption correlated significantly with deaths and DALYs, but SDI showed a non-significant correlation.Conclusions Rates of child interpersonal violence deaths and DALYs decreased from 2009 to 2019 in SSA, driven by remarkable decreases in the Southern subregion. Understanding the determinants of these downward trends and implementation of policies targeting known risk factors like alcohol consumption may pave the way for enhanced child safety protection. Further curbing the disparities between countries and subregions necessitates long-term commitment to evidence-based action plans. ObjectivesTo analyse the past 30-year trends in mortality and morbidity of interpersonal violence against children, its demographic distribution and correlation with specific risk factors.DesignEcological study at the country and regional level.Setting46 countries and 4 subregions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Central, Eastern, Southern and Western.ParticipantsChildren aged 0–19 years old.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTrends in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to interpersonal violence injuries in children; correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI)/alcohol consumption per capita and child interpersonal violence.ResultsDeaths and DALYs per 100 000 population from child violence-related injuries in SSA declined from 4.0 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.3–4.9) to 3.1 (95% UI: 2.3 to 3.9) and 334.9 (95% UI: 276.4 to 407.7) to 260.3 (95% UI: 197.9 to 321.9) respectively from 1990 to 2019 (reductions of 22.5% and 22.3%). Southern SSA had the highest deaths/DALYs rates for each type of physical violence (sharp object/firearm/other) and Central SSA for sexual violence. Alcohol consumption correlated significantly with deaths and DALYs, but SDI showed a non-significant correlation.ConclusionsRates of child interpersonal violence deaths and DALYs decreased from 2009 to 2019 in SSA, driven by remarkable decreases in the Southern subregion. Understanding the determinants of these downward trends and implementation of policies targeting known risk factors like alcohol consumption may pave the way for enhanced child safety protection. Further curbing the disparities between countries and subregions necessitates long-term commitment to evidence-based action plans. To analyse the past 30-year trends in mortality and morbidity of interpersonal violence against children, its demographic distribution and correlation with specific risk factors.OBJECTIVESTo analyse the past 30-year trends in mortality and morbidity of interpersonal violence against children, its demographic distribution and correlation with specific risk factors.Ecological study at the country and regional level.DESIGNEcological study at the country and regional level.46 countries and 4 subregions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Central, Eastern, Southern and Western.SETTING46 countries and 4 subregions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Central, Eastern, Southern and Western.Children aged 0-19 years old.PARTICIPANTSChildren aged 0-19 years old.Trends in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to interpersonal violence injuries in children; correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI)/alcohol consumption per capita and child interpersonal violence.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURESTrends in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to interpersonal violence injuries in children; correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI)/alcohol consumption per capita and child interpersonal violence.Deaths and DALYs per 100 000 population from child violence-related injuries in SSA declined from 4.0 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.3-4.9) to 3.1 (95% UI: 2.3 to 3.9) and 334.9 (95% UI: 276.4 to 407.7) to 260.3 (95% UI: 197.9 to 321.9) respectively from 1990 to 2019 (reductions of 22.5% and 22.3%). Southern SSA had the highest deaths/DALYs rates for each type of physical violence (sharp object/firearm/other) and Central SSA for sexual violence. Alcohol consumption correlated significantly with deaths and DALYs, but SDI showed a non-significant correlation.RESULTSDeaths and DALYs per 100 000 population from child violence-related injuries in SSA declined from 4.0 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.3-4.9) to 3.1 (95% UI: 2.3 to 3.9) and 334.9 (95% UI: 276.4 to 407.7) to 260.3 (95% UI: 197.9 to 321.9) respectively from 1990 to 2019 (reductions of 22.5% and 22.3%). Southern SSA had the highest deaths/DALYs rates for each type of physical violence (sharp object/firearm/other) and Central SSA for sexual violence. Alcohol consumption correlated significantly with deaths and DALYs, but SDI showed a non-significant correlation.Rates of child interpersonal violence deaths and DALYs decreased from 2009 to 2019 in SSA, driven by remarkable decreases in the Southern subregion. Understanding the determinants of these downward trends and implementation of policies targeting known risk factors like alcohol consumption may pave the way for enhanced child safety protection. Further curbing the disparities between countries and subregions necessitates long-term commitment to evidence-based action plans.CONCLUSIONSRates of child interpersonal violence deaths and DALYs decreased from 2009 to 2019 in SSA, driven by remarkable decreases in the Southern subregion. Understanding the determinants of these downward trends and implementation of policies targeting known risk factors like alcohol consumption may pave the way for enhanced child safety protection. Further curbing the disparities between countries and subregions necessitates long-term commitment to evidence-based action plans. To analyse the past 30-year trends in mortality and morbidity of interpersonal violence against children, its demographic distribution and correlation with specific risk factors. Ecological study at the country and regional level. 46 countries and 4 subregions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Central, Eastern, Southern and Western. Children aged 0-19 years old. Trends in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to interpersonal violence injuries in children; correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI)/alcohol consumption per capita and child interpersonal violence. Deaths and DALYs per 100 000 population from child violence-related injuries in SSA declined from 4.0 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.3-4.9) to 3.1 (95% UI: 2.3 to 3.9) and 334.9 (95% UI: 276.4 to 407.7) to 260.3 (95% UI: 197.9 to 321.9) respectively from 1990 to 2019 (reductions of 22.5% and 22.3%). Southern SSA had the highest deaths/DALYs rates for each type of physical violence (sharp object/firearm/other) and Central SSA for sexual violence. Alcohol consumption correlated significantly with deaths and DALYs, but SDI showed a non-significant correlation. Rates of child interpersonal violence deaths and DALYs decreased from 2009 to 2019 in SSA, driven by remarkable decreases in the Southern subregion. Understanding the determinants of these downward trends and implementation of policies targeting known risk factors like alcohol consumption may pave the way for enhanced child safety protection. Further curbing the disparities between countries and subregions necessitates long-term commitment to evidence-based action plans. |
| Author | Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Stein, Dan J Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Geta Tesfaye Gta, Edosa Oluwatunase, Gideon Olamilekan Mohammed, Shafiu Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Laflamme, Lucie Dachew, Berihun Assefa Ayele, Getnet Melaku Barrow, Amadou Sendekie, Ashenafi Kibret Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Iyasu, Assefa N Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Amu, Hubert Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Toma, Temesgen Mohammed Nhassengo, Sergio Keita Sengoelge, Mathilde J Manu, Emmanuel Dowou, Robert Kokou Seedat, Soraya Rickard, Jennifer Nhassengo, Sergio Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda Meles, Hadush Negash Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang Abiodun, Olumide Iwu, Chidozie Declan Abebe, Mesfin Aruleba, Idowu Thomas Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Meto, Tesfahun Mekene Kumar, Manasi Sengoelge, Mathilde Chavula, Malizgani Paul Bashiru, Hameed Akande Immurana, Mustapha Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Udoakang, Aniefiok John Gindaba, Ebisa Zerihun Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Wubetu, Abate Dargie Gerema, Urg |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40295136$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:161663032$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Karolinska Institutet) |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2025_119971 |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Contributor | Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Stein, Dan J Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Geta Tesfaye Gta, Edosa Oluwatunase, Gideon Olamilekan Mohammed, Shafiu Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Laflamme, Lucie Dachew, Berihun Assefa Ayele, Getnet Melaku Barrow, Amadou Sendekie, Ashenafi Kibret Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Iyasu, Assefa N Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Amu, Hubert Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Toma, Temesgen Mohammed Nhassengo, Sergio Keita Sengoelge, Mathilde J Manu, Emmanuel Dowou, Robert Kokou Seedat, Soraya Rickard, Jennifer Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda Meles, Hadush Negash Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang Abiodun, Olumide Iwu, Chidozie Declan Abebe, Mesfin Aruleba, Idowu Thomas Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Meto, Tesfahun Mekene Kumar, Manasi Sengoelge, Mathilde Chavula, Malizgani Paul Bashiru, Hameed Akande Immurana, Mustapha Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Udoakang, Aniefiok John Gindaba, Ebisa Zerihun Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Wubetu, Abate Dargie Gerema, Urge Adde, Kenneth Se |
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| Copyright | Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group. 2025 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group. 2025 |
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| Keywords | Child protection Health Equity Mortality Gender-Based Violence |
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| Notes | Original research ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 LL and MS are joint senior authors. SN reports support for the present manuscript from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Karolinska Institutet and the Eduardo Mondlane University, Faculty of Medicine and a Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) (grant number 51140073). The funders had no involvement in the study design, interpretation of data, writing of the report nor in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise. |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Africa South of the Sahara - epidemiology Age Alcohol Child Child Abuse - mortality Child Abuse - statistics & numerical data Child Abuse - trends Child protection Child, Preschool Children & youth Disability-Adjusted Life Years Disease prevention Educational attainment Estimates Female Fertility Firearms Gender-Based Violence Girls Global Burden of Disease - trends Global Health Health Equity Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Low income groups Male Mortality Murders & murder attempts Original Research Per capita Public health Risk Factors Sociodemographics Trends Violence Violence - trends Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology Wounds and Injuries - mortality Young Adult |
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| Title | Trends and demographic differences in interpersonal violence against children in sub-Saharan Africa: findings from the 1990–2019 Global Burden of Disease Study |
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