Perception of and legal compliance with the law prohibiting cigarette sales to minors in Thailand following the raising of the minimum selling age to 20 years: a cross-sectional survey
ObjectivesThe minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study investigated tobacco retailers’ perceptions, cigarette sales behaviour and other factors relevant to selling cigarettes to people young...
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| Vydané v: | BMJ open Ročník 13; číslo 11; s. e072411 |
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| Jazyk: | English |
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England
British Medical Journal Publishing Group
03.11.2023
BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group |
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| Abstract | ObjectivesThe minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study investigated tobacco retailers’ perceptions, cigarette sales behaviour and other factors relevant to selling cigarettes to people younger than 20 years in areas surrounding schools in Thailand.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTobacco shops within a radius of 500 m of secondary schools across four regions of Thailand. Data collection took place between May and August 2019.Participants1440 tobacco retailers (grocery or convenience stores) were sampled via a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method. 1021 retailers completed the self-administered questionnaire.Outcome measuresTobacco sales to people younger than 20 years.ResultsThe prevalence of the retailers’ cigarette sales to youth younger than 20 years was 38.20% (95% CI 35.2% to 41.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed associations with sale of single cigarettes (adjusted OR (AOR) 23.14, 95% CI 15.13 to 35.39), self-service sale of cigarettes (4.21, 2.59 to 6.86) and display of cigarettes at the point of sale (2.39, 1.47 to 3.89). Cigarette sales to underage youth were higher among retailers located in the northeast region (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.64) and among those who did not perceive the prosecution of violators in the past year (1.85, 1.16 to 2.96).ConclusionA large percentage of cigarette retailers violated the laws related to underage cigarette sales. Measures to minimise retailers’ legally non-compliant sales behaviours should be implemented along with improved legal enforcement. |
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| AbstractList | The minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study investigated tobacco retailers' perceptions, cigarette sales behaviour and other factors relevant to selling cigarettes to people younger than 20 years in areas surrounding schools in Thailand.OBJECTIVESThe minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study investigated tobacco retailers' perceptions, cigarette sales behaviour and other factors relevant to selling cigarettes to people younger than 20 years in areas surrounding schools in Thailand.Cross-sectional survey.DESIGNCross-sectional survey.Tobacco shops within a radius of 500 m of secondary schools across four regions of Thailand. Data collection took place between May and August 2019.SETTINGTobacco shops within a radius of 500 m of secondary schools across four regions of Thailand. Data collection took place between May and August 2019.1440 tobacco retailers (grocery or convenience stores) were sampled via a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method. 1021 retailers completed the self-administered questionnaire.PARTICIPANTS1440 tobacco retailers (grocery or convenience stores) were sampled via a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method. 1021 retailers completed the self-administered questionnaire.Tobacco sales to people younger than 20 years.OUTCOME MEASURESTobacco sales to people younger than 20 years.The prevalence of the retailers' cigarette sales to youth younger than 20 years was 38.20% (95% CI 35.2% to 41.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed associations with sale of single cigarettes (adjusted OR (AOR) 23.14, 95% CI 15.13 to 35.39), self-service sale of cigarettes (4.21, 2.59 to 6.86) and display of cigarettes at the point of sale (2.39, 1.47 to 3.89). Cigarette sales to underage youth were higher among retailers located in the northeast region (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.64) and among those who did not perceive the prosecution of violators in the past year (1.85, 1.16 to 2.96).RESULTSThe prevalence of the retailers' cigarette sales to youth younger than 20 years was 38.20% (95% CI 35.2% to 41.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed associations with sale of single cigarettes (adjusted OR (AOR) 23.14, 95% CI 15.13 to 35.39), self-service sale of cigarettes (4.21, 2.59 to 6.86) and display of cigarettes at the point of sale (2.39, 1.47 to 3.89). Cigarette sales to underage youth were higher among retailers located in the northeast region (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.64) and among those who did not perceive the prosecution of violators in the past year (1.85, 1.16 to 2.96).A large percentage of cigarette retailers violated the laws related to underage cigarette sales. Measures to minimise retailers' legally non-compliant sales behaviours should be implemented along with improved legal enforcement.CONCLUSIONA large percentage of cigarette retailers violated the laws related to underage cigarette sales. Measures to minimise retailers' legally non-compliant sales behaviours should be implemented along with improved legal enforcement. Objectives The minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study investigated tobacco retailers’ perceptions, cigarette sales behaviour and other factors relevant to selling cigarettes to people younger than 20 years in areas surrounding schools in Thailand.Design Cross-sectional survey.Setting Tobacco shops within a radius of 500 m of secondary schools across four regions of Thailand. Data collection took place between May and August 2019.Participants 1440 tobacco retailers (grocery or convenience stores) were sampled via a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method. 1021 retailers completed the self-administered questionnaire.Outcome measures Tobacco sales to people younger than 20 years.Results The prevalence of the retailers’ cigarette sales to youth younger than 20 years was 38.20% (95% CI 35.2% to 41.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed associations with sale of single cigarettes (adjusted OR (AOR) 23.14, 95% CI 15.13 to 35.39), self-service sale of cigarettes (4.21, 2.59 to 6.86) and display of cigarettes at the point of sale (2.39, 1.47 to 3.89). Cigarette sales to underage youth were higher among retailers located in the northeast region (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.64) and among those who did not perceive the prosecution of violators in the past year (1.85, 1.16 to 2.96).Conclusion A large percentage of cigarette retailers violated the laws related to underage cigarette sales. Measures to minimise retailers’ legally non-compliant sales behaviours should be implemented along with improved legal enforcement. The minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study investigated tobacco retailers' perceptions, cigarette sales behaviour and other factors relevant to selling cigarettes to people younger than 20 years in areas surrounding schools in Thailand. Cross-sectional survey. Tobacco shops within a radius of 500 m of secondary schools across four regions of Thailand. Data collection took place between May and August 2019. 1440 tobacco retailers (grocery or convenience stores) were sampled via a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method. 1021 retailers completed the self-administered questionnaire. Tobacco sales to people younger than 20 years. The prevalence of the retailers' cigarette sales to youth younger than 20 years was 38.20% (95% CI 35.2% to 41.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed associations with sale of single cigarettes (adjusted OR (AOR) 23.14, 95% CI 15.13 to 35.39), self-service sale of cigarettes (4.21, 2.59 to 6.86) and display of cigarettes at the point of sale (2.39, 1.47 to 3.89). Cigarette sales to underage youth were higher among retailers located in the northeast region (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.64) and among those who did not perceive the prosecution of violators in the past year (1.85, 1.16 to 2.96). A large percentage of cigarette retailers violated the laws related to underage cigarette sales. Measures to minimise retailers' legally non-compliant sales behaviours should be implemented along with improved legal enforcement. ObjectivesThe minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study investigated tobacco retailers’ perceptions, cigarette sales behaviour and other factors relevant to selling cigarettes to people younger than 20 years in areas surrounding schools in Thailand.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTobacco shops within a radius of 500 m of secondary schools across four regions of Thailand. Data collection took place between May and August 2019.Participants1440 tobacco retailers (grocery or convenience stores) were sampled via a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method. 1021 retailers completed the self-administered questionnaire.Outcome measuresTobacco sales to people younger than 20 years.ResultsThe prevalence of the retailers’ cigarette sales to youth younger than 20 years was 38.20% (95% CI 35.2% to 41.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed associations with sale of single cigarettes (adjusted OR (AOR) 23.14, 95% CI 15.13 to 35.39), self-service sale of cigarettes (4.21, 2.59 to 6.86) and display of cigarettes at the point of sale (2.39, 1.47 to 3.89). Cigarette sales to underage youth were higher among retailers located in the northeast region (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.64) and among those who did not perceive the prosecution of violators in the past year (1.85, 1.16 to 2.96).ConclusionA large percentage of cigarette retailers violated the laws related to underage cigarette sales. Measures to minimise retailers’ legally non-compliant sales behaviours should be implemented along with improved legal enforcement. |
| Author | Phetphum, Chakkraphan Wangwonsin, Artittaya Prajongjeep, Atchara Keeratisiroj, Orawan Chomson, Supatana |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Faculty of Public Health , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand 2 Tobacco Control Research Unit , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand 3 Department of Community Public Health , Sirindhorn College of Public Health , Phitsanulok , Thailand |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Faculty of Public Health , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand – name: 2 Tobacco Control Research Unit , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand – name: 3 Department of Community Public Health , Sirindhorn College of Public Health , Phitsanulok , Thailand |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chakkraphan orcidid: 0000-0002-2410-9524 surname: Phetphum fullname: Phetphum, Chakkraphan email: chakgarphanp@nu.ac.th organization: Tobacco Control Research Unit, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand – sequence: 2 givenname: Supatana surname: Chomson fullname: Chomson, Supatana organization: Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand – sequence: 3 givenname: Artittaya surname: Wangwonsin fullname: Wangwonsin, Artittaya organization: Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand – sequence: 4 givenname: Atchara surname: Prajongjeep fullname: Prajongjeep, Atchara organization: Department of Community Public Health, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok, Thailand – sequence: 5 givenname: Orawan surname: Keeratisiroj fullname: Keeratisiroj, Orawan organization: Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37923349$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_18332_tid_203868 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_euros_2024_08_007 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgph_0004780 crossref_primary_10_1177_10105395241273235 |
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three-decade experiences publication-title: Int J Health Plann Manage doi: 10.1002/hpm.3089 – ident: 2023120423300852000_13.11.e072411.16 – volume: 148 start-page: 106553 year: 2021 ident: 2023120423300852000_13.11.e072411.7 article-title: Smoking behavior in 18-20 year-olds after tobacco 21 policy implementation in California: a difference-in-differences analysis with other states publication-title: Prev Med doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106553 – volume: 22 start-page: 3789 year: 2021 ident: 2023120423300852000_13.11.e072411.17 article-title: Uncovering philip morris international's fundamental strategies for product placement in Thailand: spotlighting industry penetration to advance the endgame publication-title: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.12.3789 – volume: 70 start-page: 191 year: 2020 ident: 2023120423300852000_13.11.e072411.26 article-title: Preventing tobacco sales to minors publication-title: Rev Prat – volume: 61 start-page: S40 issue: Suppl 1 year: 2017 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| Snippet | ObjectivesThe minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This... The minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study... Objectives The minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Age Child development Cigarettes Compliance Convenience stores Cross-Sectional Studies Customer services Elementary schools Grocery stores Health policy Humans Identification documents Law enforcement Minors Perception Perceptions Point of sale Public Health Questionnaires Retail stores Risk Factors Sample size Smoking Teenagers Thailand Tobacco Tobacco Products Young Adult |
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| Title | Perception of and legal compliance with the law prohibiting cigarette sales to minors in Thailand following the raising of the minimum selling age to 20 years: a cross-sectional survey |
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