Concurrent vision and hearing impairment associated with cognitive dysfunction in a population aged 85+ years: the Ural Very Old Study

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of vision impairment, hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment (DSI) as combination of vision and hearing impairment, in association with cognitive dysfunction in a population aged 85+ years.MethodsThe cross-sectional population-based Ural Very Old Study, cond...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMJ open Vol. 12; no. 4; p. e058464
Main Authors: Bikbov, Mukharram M, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M, Rakhimova, Ellina M, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Bolshakova, Natalia I, Safiullina, Kamilia R, Gizzatov, Ainur V, Ponomarev, Ildar P, Yakupova, Dilya F, Baymukhametov, Nail E, Nikitin, Nikolay A, Jonas, Jost B
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England British Medical Journal Publishing Group 26.04.2022
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
BMJ Publishing Group
Series:Original research
Subjects:
Aged, 80 and over
Aging
Blindness - complications
Blood
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Dysfunction - complications
Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Deafness - complications
Dementia
Dementia - complications
Epidemiology
Hearing loss
Hearing Loss - complications
Hearing Loss - epidemiology
Humans
Medicare
Noise
Ophthalmology
Outdoor air quality
Population
Questionnaires
Regression analysis
Trends
Vision, Low - epidemiology
Visual impairment
Russia
Epidemiology
Ophthalmology
Dementia
ISSN:2044-6055, 2044-6055
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of vision impairment, hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment (DSI) as combination of vision and hearing impairment, in association with cognitive dysfunction in a population aged 85+ years.MethodsThe cross-sectional population-based Ural Very Old Study, conducted in rural and urban Bashkortostan, Russia, between 2017 and 2020, included a detailed ocular and systemic examination with assessment of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI)/blindness (best-corrected visual acuity <6/18), moderate to severe hearing loss (MSHL) and cognitive function.SettingA rural and urban area in Bashkortostan, Russia.ParticipantsOut of 1882 eligible individuals aged 85+ years, 1526 (81.1%) individuals participated.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of vision, hearing and DSI and cognitive dysfunction.ResultsThe study included 731 (47.9%) individuals (mean age 88.1±2.7 years; median 87 years, range 85–98 years) with measurements of MSVI/blindness, MSHL and cognitive function. The prevalence of MSVI/blindness, MSHL, DSI and dementia were 51.8% (95% CI 48.2% to 55.5%), 33.1% (95% CI 29.7% to 36.5%), 20.5% (95% CI 17.8% to 23.5%) and 48.2% (95% CI 44.5% to 51.8%), respectively. Lower cognitive function score was associated with lower visual acuity (p<0.001) and higher hearing loss score (p=0.03), after adjusting for older age (p=0.001), rural region of habitation (p=0.003), lower educational level (p<0.001) and higher depression score (p<0.001). Higher dementia prevalence was associated with higher MSHL prevalence (OR 2.18 95% CI 1.59 to 2.98; p<0.001), higher MSVI/blindness prevalence (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.81; p<0.001) and higher DSI prevalence (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.92 to 4.07; p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this very old, multiethnic population from Russia, DSI (prevalence 20.5%), as compared with hearing impairment (OR 2.18) and vision impairment alone (OR 2.09), had a stronger association (OR 2.80) with dementia. The findings show the importance of hearing and vision impairment, in particular their combined occurrence, for dementia prevalence in an old population.
Bibliography:Original research
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ISSN:2044-6055
2044-6055
DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058464