Sex determination in mammalian germ cells: extrinsic versus intrinsic factors

Mammalian germ cells do not determine their sexual fate based on their XX or XY chromosomal constitution. Instead, sexual fate is dependent on the gonadal environment in which they develop. In a fetal testis, germ cells commit to the spermatogenic programme of development during fetal life, although...

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Vydáno v:Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Ročník 139; číslo 6; s. 943
Hlavní autoři: Bowles, Josephine, Koopman, Peter
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England 01.06.2010
Témata:
Animals
Cell Movement
Epigenesis, Genetic
Female
Fetal Development
Germ Cells - cytology
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - physiology
Male
Meiosis
Oocytes - cytology
Oogenesis - physiology
Ovary - cytology
Ovary - embryology
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Sex Determination Processes
Signal Transduction
Spermatogenesis - physiology
Spermatozoa - cytology
Testis - cytology
Testis - embryology
Tretinoin - physiology
ISSN:1741-7899, 1741-7899
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Shrnutí:Mammalian germ cells do not determine their sexual fate based on their XX or XY chromosomal constitution. Instead, sexual fate is dependent on the gonadal environment in which they develop. In a fetal testis, germ cells commit to the spermatogenic programme of development during fetal life, although they do not enter meiosis until puberty. In a fetal ovary, germ cells commit to oogenesis by entering prophase of meiosis I. Although it was believed previously that germ cells are pre-programmed to enter meiosis unless they are actively prevented from doing so, recent results indicate that meiosis is triggered by a signaling molecule, retinoic acid (RA). Meiosis is avoided in the fetal testis because a male-specifically expressed enzyme actively degrades RA during the critical time period. Additional extrinsic factors are likely to influence sexual fate of the germ cells, and in particular, we postulate that an additional male-specific fate-determining factor or factors is involved. The full complement of intrinsic factors that underlie the competence of gonadal germ cells to respond to RA and other extrinsic factors is yet to be defined.
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ISSN:1741-7899
1741-7899
DOI:10.1530/REP-10-0075