Gender-related data missingness, imbalance and bias in global health surveys
Global surveys have built-in gender-related biases associated with data missingness across the gender dimensions of people’s lives, imbalanced or incomplete representation of population groups, and biased ways in which gender information is elicited and used. While increasing focus is being placed o...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | BMJ global health Jg. 6; H. 11; S. e007405 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
England
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
01.11.2021
BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 2059-7908, 2059-7908 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Global surveys have built-in gender-related biases associated with data missingness across the gender dimensions of people’s lives, imbalanced or incomplete representation of population groups, and biased ways in which gender information is elicited and used. While increasing focus is being placed on the integration of sex-disaggregated statistics into national programmes and on understanding effects of gender-based disparities on the health of all people, the data necessary for elucidating underlying causes of gender disparities and designing effective intervention programmes continue to be lacking. Approaches exist, however, that can reasonably address some shortcomings, such as separating questions of gender identification from biological sex. Qualitative research can elucidate ways to rephrase questions and translate gendered terms to avoid perpetuating historical gender biases and prompting biased responses. Non-health disciplines may offer lessons in collecting gender-related data. Ultimately, multidisciplinary global collaborations are needed to advance this evolving field and to set standards for how we measure gender in all its forms. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Global surveys have built-in gender-related biases associated with data missingness across the gender dimensions of people’s lives, imbalanced or incomplete representation of population groups, and biased ways in which gender information is elicited and used. While increasing focus is being placed on the integration of sex-disaggregated statistics into national programmes and on understanding effects of gender-based disparities on the health of all people, the data necessary for elucidating underlying causes of gender disparities and designing effective intervention programmes continue to be lacking. Approaches exist, however, that can reasonably address some shortcomings, such as separating questions of gender identification from biological sex. Qualitative research can elucidate ways to rephrase questions and translate gendered terms to avoid perpetuating historical gender biases and prompting biased responses. Non-health disciplines may offer lessons in collecting gender-related data. Ultimately, multidisciplinary global collaborations are needed to advance this evolving field and to set standards for how we measure gender in all its forms. Global surveys have built-in gender-related biases associated with data missingness across the gender dimensions of people's lives, imbalanced or incomplete representation of population groups, and biased ways in which gender information is elicited and used. While increasing focus is being placed on the integration of sex-disaggregated statistics into national programmes and on understanding effects of gender-based disparities on the health of all people, the data necessary for elucidating underlying causes of gender disparities and designing effective intervention programmes continue to be lacking. Approaches exist, however, that can reasonably address some shortcomings, such as separating questions of gender identification from biological sex. Qualitative research can elucidate ways to rephrase questions and translate gendered terms to avoid perpetuating historical gender biases and prompting biased responses. Non-health disciplines may offer lessons in collecting gender-related data. Ultimately, multidisciplinary global collaborations are needed to advance this evolving field and to set standards for how we measure gender in all its forms.Global surveys have built-in gender-related biases associated with data missingness across the gender dimensions of people's lives, imbalanced or incomplete representation of population groups, and biased ways in which gender information is elicited and used. While increasing focus is being placed on the integration of sex-disaggregated statistics into national programmes and on understanding effects of gender-based disparities on the health of all people, the data necessary for elucidating underlying causes of gender disparities and designing effective intervention programmes continue to be lacking. Approaches exist, however, that can reasonably address some shortcomings, such as separating questions of gender identification from biological sex. Qualitative research can elucidate ways to rephrase questions and translate gendered terms to avoid perpetuating historical gender biases and prompting biased responses. Non-health disciplines may offer lessons in collecting gender-related data. Ultimately, multidisciplinary global collaborations are needed to advance this evolving field and to set standards for how we measure gender in all its forms. |
| Author | Weber, Ann M Meausoone, Valerie Abdalla, Safa Gupta, Ribhav Darmstadt, Gary L Cislaghi, Beniamino |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Stanford Research Computing Center , Stanford University , Stanford , California , USA 1 School of Public Health , University of Nevada Reno , Reno , Nevada , USA 2 Department of Medicine , University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA 3 Global Center for Gender Equality, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California , USA 4 Department of Global Health and Development , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Global Health and Development , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK – name: 2 Department of Medicine , University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA – name: 5 Stanford Research Computing Center , Stanford University , Stanford , California , USA – name: 3 Global Center for Gender Equality, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California , USA – name: 1 School of Public Health , University of Nevada Reno , Reno , Nevada , USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ann M orcidid: 0000-0001-8130-5858 surname: Weber fullname: Weber, Ann M email: annweber@unr.edu organization: School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Ribhav surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Ribhav organization: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Safa surname: Abdalla fullname: Abdalla, Safa organization: Global Center for Gender Equality, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Beniamino surname: Cislaghi fullname: Cislaghi, Beniamino organization: Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Valerie surname: Meausoone fullname: Meausoone, Valerie organization: Stanford Research Computing Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Gary L orcidid: 0000-0002-7522-5824 surname: Darmstadt fullname: Darmstadt, Gary L organization: Global Center for Gender Equality, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836912$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9Uk1v1DAQtVARLUt_ABcUiQuHBvyROM4FCVW0VFqJC5ytcTzJepW1i51U6r_HaUppK8HFHzPvPb8Zz2ty5INHQt4y-pExIT-Zw37YlZxyVlLaVLR-QU44rduyaak6enQ-Jqcp7SmlrMkLla_IsaiUkC3jJ2R7id5iLCOOMKEtLExQHFxKzg8eUzor3MHACL7DArwtjINUOF8MY8jhYocwTrsizfEGb9Mb8rKHMeHp_b4hPy--_jj_Vm6_X16df9mWphZsKsGIrmskk9JyabtsHi20PZUcWEU7U1WCm8YIoSzraV9xJhomhQFqoGqlEhtyteraAHt9Hd0B4q0O4PRdIMRBQ5xcN6LGHuu24chN21e5aqXyo1D1aOt8qXnW-rxqXc_mgLZDP0UYn4g-zXi300O40UpyJbLVDflwLxDDrxnTpHP7OhxzzzDMSXNJK8payRbf759B92GOPrdqQXGllKB1Rr177OjByp9PywC2AroYUorYP0AY1cts6LvZ0Mts6HU2Mqd5xuncBJMLS1Fu_C-zXJk59dfvv_G_AWkGy-U |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s12998_022_00444_2 crossref_primary_10_7189_jogh_15_04010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2021_114652 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm14144885 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2468_2667_24_00053_7 crossref_primary_10_69569_jip_2024_0639 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2024_016746 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0275824 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physio_2024_101450 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tim_2025_05_008 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16031040 crossref_primary_10_2147_JPR_S495934 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2025_1580221 crossref_primary_10_1111_tmi_70006 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjph_2023_000131 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2025_1449607 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_163687_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jadohealth_2024_02_036 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_25_00488_X crossref_primary_10_3390_bs15040502 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41591_025_03864_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10708_025_11491_6 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2021_008278 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgwh_2024_1306065 crossref_primary_10_7189_jogh_12_05024 crossref_primary_10_1177_11795514221098389 crossref_primary_10_2147_PRBM_S428633 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1177/1077801216634466 10.1080/135457098338356 10.1177/0022146519825749 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30652-X 10.1515/pophzn-2018-0003 10.7189/jogh.10.010701 10.1089/lgbt.2019.0295 10.1093/ije/dys184 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115057 10.7189/jogh.10.010705 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30648-8 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30765-2 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30656-7 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005604 10.2471/BLT.11.095513 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.006 10.1177/1097184X06298778 10.1596/1813-9450-8464 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. 2021 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. 2021 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. – notice: 2021 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. 2021 |
| DBID | 9YT ACMMV AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7RV 7X7 7XB 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA BENPR CCPQU FYUFA GHDGH K9. KB0 M0S NAPCQ PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007405 |
| DatabaseName | BMJ Open Access Journals (Free internet resource, activated by CARLI) BMJ Journals:Open Access CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Nursing & Allied Health Database Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Public Health Database Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Public Health ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE CrossRef ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: 7RV name: Nursing & Allied Health Database url: https://search.proquest.com/nahs sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Public Health |
| EISSN | 2059-7908 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_efe5972e2b9f4483886d2a4fed583852 PMC8628344 34836912 10_1136_bmjgh_2021_007405 bmjgh |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Nigeria Sierra Leone India |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Sierra Leone – name: India – name: Nigeria |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grantid: OPP1140262 funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000865 – fundername: ; grantid: OPP1140262 |
| GroupedDBID | 53G 5VS 7RV 7X7 8C1 8FI 8FJ 9YT ABUWG ACGFS ACMMV ADBBV AEUYN AFKRA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BCNDV BENPR CCPQU EBS FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ HMCUK HYE M~E NAPCQ OK1 PGMZT PHGZT RHI RMJ RPM UKHRP AAYXX AFFHD CITATION EJD PHGZM PJZUB PPXIY CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM RHF 3V. 7XB 8FK K9. PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-b531t-ab3cc76166d26dc074eda9f062a140cb4432b7b338d1f0f42137163ba0ba49683 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 30 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000724323000001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 2059-7908 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:52:27 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:01:43 EST 2025 Sun Nov 09 11:07:54 EST 2025 Tue Oct 07 07:20:28 EDT 2025 Thu Jan 02 22:45:20 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 20:52:14 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:39:03 EST 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:50:33 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 11 |
| Keywords | epidemiology public health health policy |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-b531t-ab3cc76166d26dc074eda9f062a140cb4432b7b338d1f0f42137163ba0ba49683 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8130-5858 0000-0002-7522-5824 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/efe5972e2b9f4483886d2a4fed583852 |
| PMID | 34836912 |
| PQID | 2602888305 |
| PQPubID | 5160721 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_efe5972e2b9f4483886d2a4fed583852 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8628344 proquest_miscellaneous_2604019618 proquest_journals_2602888305 pubmed_primary_34836912 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2021_007405 crossref_citationtrail_10_1136_bmjgh_2021_007405 bmj_journals_10_1136_bmjgh_2021_007405 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2021-11-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2021 text: 2021-11-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England – name: London – name: BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR |
| PublicationTitle | BMJ global health |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | BMJ Glob Health BMJ Global Health |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | BMJ Glob Health |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | BMJ Publishing Group Ltd BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group |
| Publisher_xml | – name: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd – name: BMJ Publishing Group LTD – name: BMJ Publishing Group |
| References | Puckett, Brown, Dunn (R7) 2020; 7 Short Fabic, Choi, Bird (R10) 2012; 90 Khan, Abimbola, Aloudat (R36) 2021; 6 Hay, McDougal, Percival (R2) 2019; 393 Fledderjohann, Roberts (R11) 2018; 15 Reisner, Katz-Wise, Gordon (R8) 2016; 59 Heise, Greene, Opper (R1) 2019; 393 Hart, Saperstein, Magliozzi (R4) 2019; 60 Mejía-Guevara, Cislaghi, Weber (R29) 2020; 10 Pulerwitz, Barker (R26) 2008; 10 Vagi, Brookmeyer, Gladden (R33) 2016; 22 Cislaghi, Weber, Gupta (R5) 2020; 10 Weber, Cislaghi, Meausoone (R3) 2019; 393 Hyde (R25) 2014; 65 Presser (R20) 1998; 4 Heymann, Levy, Bose (R30) 2019; 393 Corsi, Neuman, Finlay (R9) 2012; 41 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.3 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.7 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.6 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.9 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.31 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.14 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.36 Cislaghi (2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.5) 2020; 10 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.15 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.37 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.16 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.17 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.10 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.32 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.33 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.12 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.34 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.13 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.35 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.18 Heymann (2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.30) 2019; 393 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.19 Reisner (2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.8) 2016; 59 Mejía-Guevara (2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.29) 2020; 10 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.20 Heise (2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.1) 2019; 393 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.25 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.26 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.27 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.28 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.21 Hay (2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.2) 2019; 393 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.22 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.23 Fledderjohann (2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.11) 2018; 15 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.24 Hart (2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.4) 2019; 60 |
| References_xml | – volume: 22 start-page: 1788 year: 2016 ident: R33 article-title: Sexual violence against female and male children in the United Republic of Tanzania publication-title: Violence Against Women doi: 10.1177/1077801216634466 – volume: 4 start-page: 145 year: 1998 ident: R20 article-title: Decapitating the U.S. Census Bureau's "head of household": feminist mobilization in the 1970s publication-title: Fem Econ doi: 10.1080/135457098338356 – volume: 60 start-page: 101 year: 2019 ident: R4 article-title: Gender and health: beyond binary categorical measurement publication-title: J Health Soc Behav doi: 10.1177/0022146519825749 – volume: 393 start-page: 2440 year: 2019 ident: R1 article-title: Gender inequality and restrictive gender norms: framing the challenges to health publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30652-X – volume: 15 start-page: 66 year: 2018 ident: R11 article-title: Missing men, missing infertility: the enactment of sex/gender in surveys in low- and middle-income countries publication-title: Population Horizons doi: 10.1515/pophzn-2018-0003 – volume: 10 start-page: 322 year: 2008 ident: R26 article-title: Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM scale publication-title: Men and Masculinities – volume: 10 year: 2020 ident: R5 article-title: Gender equality and global health: intersecting political challenges publication-title: J Glob Health doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010701 – volume: 7 start-page: 305 year: 2020 ident: R7 article-title: Perspectives from transgender and gender diverse people on how to ask about gender publication-title: LGBT Health doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2019.0295 – volume: 41 start-page: 1602 year: 2012 ident: R9 article-title: Demographic and health surveys: a profile publication-title: Int J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/ije/dys184 – volume: 65 start-page: 373 year: 2014 ident: R25 article-title: Gender similarities and differences publication-title: Annu Rev Psychol doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115057 – volume: 10 year: 2020 ident: R29 article-title: Association of collective attitudes and contraceptive practice in nine sub-Saharan African countries publication-title: J Glob Health doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010705 – volume: 393 start-page: 2535 year: 2019 ident: R2 article-title: Disrupting gender norms in health systems: making the case for change publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30648-8 – volume: 393 start-page: 2455 year: 2019 ident: R3 article-title: Gender norms and health: insights from global survey data publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30765-2 – volume: 393 start-page: 2522 year: 2019 ident: R30 article-title: Improving health with programmatic, legal, and policy approaches to reduce gender inequality and change restrictive gender norms publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30656-7 – volume: 6 year: 2021 ident: R36 article-title: Decolonising global health in 2021: a roadmap to move from rhetoric to reform publication-title: BMJ Glob Health doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005604 – volume: 90 start-page: 604 year: 2012 ident: R10 article-title: A systematic review of demographic and health surveys: data availability and utilization for research publication-title: Bull World Health Organ doi: 10.2471/BLT.11.095513 – volume: 59 start-page: 203 year: 2016 ident: R8 article-title: Social epidemiology of depression and anxiety by gender identity publication-title: J Adolesc Health doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.006 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.19 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.21 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.23 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.26 doi: 10.1177/1097184X06298778 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.17 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.9 doi: 10.1093/ije/dys184 – volume: 10 year: 2020 ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.29 article-title: Association of collective attitudes and contraceptive practice in nine sub-Saharan African countries publication-title: J Glob Health doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010705 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.6 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.31 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.7 doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2019.0295 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.34 doi: 10.1596/1813-9450-8464 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.35 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.36 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005604 – volume: 10 year: 2020 ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.5 article-title: Gender equality and global health: intersecting political challenges publication-title: J Glob Health doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010701 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.28 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.37 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.14 – volume: 59 start-page: 203 year: 2016 ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.8 article-title: Social epidemiology of depression and anxiety by gender identity publication-title: J Adolesc Health doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.006 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.12 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.3 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30765-2 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.20 doi: 10.1080/135457098338356 – volume: 15 start-page: 66 year: 2018 ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.11 article-title: Missing men, missing infertility: the enactment of sex/gender in surveys in low- and middle-income countries publication-title: Population Horizons doi: 10.1515/pophzn-2018-0003 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.10 doi: 10.2471/BLT.11.095513 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.22 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.16 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.24 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.18 – volume: 393 start-page: 2440 year: 2019 ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.1 article-title: Gender inequality and restrictive gender norms: framing the challenges to health publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30652-X – volume: 60 start-page: 101 year: 2019 ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.4 article-title: Gender and health: beyond binary categorical measurement publication-title: J Health Soc Behav doi: 10.1177/0022146519825749 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.32 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.27 – volume: 393 start-page: 2522 year: 2019 ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.30 article-title: Improving health with programmatic, legal, and policy approaches to reduce gender inequality and change restrictive gender norms publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30656-7 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.15 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.13 – volume: 393 start-page: 2535 year: 2019 ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.2 article-title: Disrupting gender norms in health systems: making the case for change publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30648-8 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.25 doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115057 – ident: 2025073013504791000_6.11.e007405.33 doi: 10.1177/1077801216634466 |
| SSID | ssj0001700006 |
| Score | 2.329125 |
| Snippet | Global surveys have built-in gender-related biases associated with data missingness across the gender dimensions of people’s lives, imbalanced or incomplete... Global surveys have built-in gender-related biases associated with data missingness across the gender dimensions of people's lives, imbalanced or incomplete... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref bmj |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | e007405 |
| SubjectTerms | Bias epidemiology Gender Gender identity Global Health Health disparities health policy Health Surveys Households Humans Non-binary gender Practice Public health Qualitative research Sexism Surveys and Questionnaires Women |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LT9wwELYK6qFShYA-WB6VK1U9VI2I7azjHGlVxAGhHlqJW-TxowRBQPvg9zNjh2W3quiFa2wn9szEns_2fMPYpzHAOFJwjPQqFhUoKKwau6ISUVNcpREuBQqf1mdn5vy8-bmU6ovuhGV64Cy4wxAD-rwySGgiQglljPbSVjF4OvAbp9kXvZ4lMHWZSWFoIh6OMYXSh3B9-ecCbUIiesZlk9LVreGzleUosfb_y9X8-8bk0hJ0vMk2Bt-RH-U-b7EXod9mr_PGG8_xRG_YaU4OV6QgleA5XQHlqEzaE6Bp7SvvroHuM7rAbe85dHbKu55nZhCe4yL5dD65Qx2_Zb-Pf_z6flIMKRMKwJ9pVlhQztVaaBSS9g4HGrxtYqmlRSTloKqUhBoQl3oRy4jKUAiYFNgSbNVoo96x9f6mDzuMYwXhlQ_oI9SVCSUIaIxupBe-9CU0I_YZ5dcOJj9tE5pQuk2CbknQbRb0iJUPIm7dQDxO-S-unmryZdHkNrNuPFX5G-ltUZEIs9MDNKN2MKP2f2Y0YvsPWn8cEmI9aYxR9I2Pi2JUGR2q2D7czFOdijiGhBmx99lIFj1R-CHdCHx5vWI-K11dLem7i8TxjUCTMqDsPsfY9tirZPcpgnKfrc8m83DAXrq7WTedfEg_zj0ulxql priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Title | Gender-related data missingness, imbalance and bias in global health surveys |
| URI | https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/11/e007405.full https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836912 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2602888305 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2604019618 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8628344 https://doaj.org/article/efe5972e2b9f4483886d2a4fed583852 |
| Volume | 6 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000724323000001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2059-7908 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001700006 issn: 2059-7908 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20160101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2059-7908 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001700006 issn: 2059-7908 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20160101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 2059-7908 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001700006 issn: 2059-7908 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20160401 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2059-7908 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001700006 issn: 2059-7908 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 20160401 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2059-7908 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001700006 issn: 2059-7908 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20160401 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database (ProQuest) customDbUrl: eissn: 2059-7908 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001700006 issn: 2059-7908 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 20160401 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3Nb9MwFH-iHQekie-PwKiMhDggosV26jgnxKZNHKZqmgD1FvkrWxBLt6bd38-z47YUoV64-JA4iZ3fe7Z_z37vAbwfaz2uvXMMs7xOc811qvjYpDmthferlNQER-GzYjKR02l5Hg1uXTxWuRoTw0BtZ8bbyA9x3c2QraF4fr65TX3WKL-7GlNoDGDPRyrLh7B3dDI5v9hYWYowIMftTMrFob7-eXmFssGQReP06dPWDfDa1rQUovf_a8n598nJP6ai00f_24nH8DAuQsmXXmqewD3XPoX93oJHesekZ3DWZ5lLg7eLs8SfJSUoFd644MfHT6S51v5gpHFEtZboRnWkaUkfYoT0DpakW87vUFiew_fTk2_HX9OYeyHVqJWLVGluTCGoEJYJa_BPOavKOhNMISUzOs8504VGgmtpndWIKkfmxbXKtMpLIfkLGLaz1r0CghWo5dbhYqPIpcs01aUUJbPUZjbTZQIfEIAq6k5XBVrCRRWQqjxSVY9UAtkKo8rECOY-kcavXY98XD9y04fv2FX5yAO_rugjb4cLs_llFRW5crVDDsYc02WN1JZLiX9I5bWzfgN6zBI4WEG_6dIG9wTerW8jZH53RrVutgx1ch-siMoEXvZStm4Jxw-JkuLLiy3522rq9p22uQrBwpGx-lQqr3c36w08CCoRnCwPYLiYL91buG_uFk03H8GguPjhy2kRSomlPKajqG2jYMj4Df5qLqg |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Jb9QwFH5qCxJIiH0JFDAScEBEje2MkxwQYqtadRghVFBvwVvaIJopk5ki_hS_kWc7mWEQmlsPXGPHsePvPfuz3wLweKDUoHLOMczwKk4VV7HkAx2ntBLOrzKn2jsKD7PRKD84KD6swa_eF8aZVfY60StqM9bujHwL990M2RrC8-XJ99hljXK3q30KjQCLPfvzB1K29sXuW5zfJ4xtv9t_sxN3WQVihXibxlJxrZG8C2GYMBqXUGtkUSWCSSQbWqUpZypTSN0MrZIK-8uRU3AlEyXTQuQc212Hc6jHqTMhyz5-XpzpZF79d5enlIstdfz18AiRyJCz45dckrx1fLa0CPpcAf_a4P5tp_nHwrd95X_7ZVfhcrfFJq-CTFyDNdtch0vhfJIEt6sbMAw59GLvy2MNcZayBDHvjk6c9n9O6mPlzD61JbIxRNWyJXVDQgAVEtxHSTubnKIo3IRPZzKgW7DRjBt7BwhWoIYbi1upLM1toqgqclEwQ01iElVE8BQnvOw0Q1t60sVF6ZFROmSUARkRJD0mSt3FZ3dpQr6teuXZ_JWTEJxkVeXXDmjzii6uuH8wnhyWnZoqbWWRYTLLVFEhced5jn9IppU17np9wCLY7KG2GNICZxE8mhfjlLm7J9nY8czXSV0oJppHcDuget4Tjh8SBcXGsyW8L3V1uaSpj3wodOTjLlHM3dXdeggXdvbfD8vh7mjvHlz04ujdSTdhYzqZ2ftwXp9O63bywMszgS9nLQ2_ARlmhIE |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFD7aBkJIiPslMMBIwAMiamynTvKAEGxUTKuqPYC0t-Bbtk5bOpp2iL_Gr-PYTlqKUN_2wGvsOHb8HR9_9rkAvOwr1a-ccwwzvIpTxVUseV_HKa2E86vMqfaOwsNsNMoPD4uDDfjV-cI4s8puTfQLtZlod0bew303Q7aG8OxVrVnEwe7g_fn32GWQcjetXTqNAJF9-_MH0rfm3d4uzvUrxgafvux8jtsMA7FC7M1iqbjWSOSFMEwYjerUGllUiWASiYdWacqZyhTSOEOrpMK-c-QXXMlEybQQOcd2N-FKxhHFzkt9hy7PdzKvCtqLVMpFT52dHB0jKhnyd_ySS5i3ic9WFKLPG_Cvze7fNpt_KMHBrf_5992Gm-3Wm3wIsnIHNmx9F26Ec0sS3LHuwTDk1ou9j481xFnQEpQFd6TitMJbMj5TzhxUWyJrQ9RYNmRckxBYhQS3UtLMpxcoIvfh66UM6AFs1ZPaPgKCFajhxuIWK0tzmyiqilwUzFCTmEQVEbzGyS_bFaMpPRnjovQoKR1KyoCSCJIOH6Vu47a79CGn6155s3jlPAQtWVf5owPdoqKLN-4fTKZHZbt8lbayyDyZZaqokNDzPMc_JNPKGnft3mcRbHewWw5pibkIXiyKccrcnZSs7WTu66QuRBPNI3gYEL7oCccPiYJi49kK9le6ulpSj499iHTk6S6BzOP13XoO11AIyuHeaP8JXPeS6b1Mt2FrNp3bp3BVX8zGzfSZF20C3y5bGH4DkPiM3A |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gender-related+data+missingness%2C+imbalance+and+bias+in+global+health+surveys&rft.jtitle=BMJ+global+health&rft.au=Weber%2C+Ann+M&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Ribhav&rft.au=Abdalla%2C+Safa&rft.au=Cislaghi%2C+Beniamino&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.pub=BMJ+Publishing+Group+LTD&rft.eissn=2059-7908&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e007405&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136%2Fbmjgh-2021-007405&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2059-7908&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2059-7908&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2059-7908&client=summon |