Association between body mass index and diabetic retinopathy in Asians: the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC) study

Background/aimsObesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with the presence and severity of DR in Asian populations with diabetes.Methods...

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Veröffentlicht in:	British Journal of Ophthalmology Jg. 106; H. 7; S. 980 - 986
Hauptverfasser:	Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sultana, Rehena, Banu, Riswana, Rim, Tyler, Tham, Yih Chung, Mohan, Sunita, Chee, Miao Li, Wang, Ya Xing, Nangia, Vinay, Fujiwara, Kohta, Tai, E Shyong, Song, Su Jeong, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Raman, Rajiv, Cheng, Ching Yu, Wong, Tien Yin, Jonas, Jost B
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.07.2022 BMJ BMJ Publishing Group LTD
Schlagworte:	Adult Asian People Body Mass Index Clinical science Consortia Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology Ethnicity Humans Meta-analysis Obesity Overweight Population Population-based studies retina Risk Factors Sample size Statistical analysis Asia Singapore India epidemiology retina
ISSN:	0007-1161, 1468-2079, 1468-2079
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Abstract	Background/aimsObesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with the presence and severity of DR in Asian populations with diabetes.MethodsPooled analysis of individual-level cross-sectional data from 10 010 adults with diabetes who participated in 12 population-based studies conducted in China, India, Japan, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea that were part of the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC). BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square metres and categorised into normal (<25 kg/m2, reference), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Any-DR (n=1669) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR, n=489) were assessed from digital retinal photographs and graded according to standard protocols. Each study was analysed separately using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin A1c%, systolic blood pressure and diabetes duration, and the estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) from all studies were then combined using random-effects models.ResultsIn multivariable models, obesity showed a significant inverse association with any-DR (pooled OR (95% CI) =0.74 (0.59 to 0.91)) and VTDR (0.75 (0.60 to 0.93)). Similarly, in continuous analysis, BMI showed a significant inverse association with both any-DR (0.93 (0.87 to 0.99)) and VTDR (0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) per SD increase). Overweight did not show a significant association with any-DR.ConclusionsAmong Asian adults with diabetes, both BMI and obesity showed an inverse association with DR. These findings warrant confirmation in further longitudinal studies.
AbstractList	Background/aimsObesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with the presence and severity of DR in Asian populations with diabetes.MethodsPooled analysis of individual-level cross-sectional data from 10 010 adults with diabetes who participated in 12 population-based studies conducted in China, India, Japan, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea that were part of the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC). BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square metres and categorised into normal (<25 kg/m2, reference), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Any-DR (n=1669) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR, n=489) were assessed from digital retinal photographs and graded according to standard protocols. Each study was analysed separately using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin A1c%, systolic blood pressure and diabetes duration, and the estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) from all studies were then combined using random-effects models.ResultsIn multivariable models, obesity showed a significant inverse association with any-DR (pooled OR (95% CI) =0.74 (0.59 to 0.91)) and VTDR (0.75 (0.60 to 0.93)). Similarly, in continuous analysis, BMI showed a significant inverse association with both any-DR (0.93 (0.87 to 0.99)) and VTDR (0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) per SD increase). Overweight did not show a significant association with any-DR.ConclusionsAmong Asian adults with diabetes, both BMI and obesity showed an inverse association with DR. These findings warrant confirmation in further longitudinal studies. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with the presence and severity of DR in Asian populations with diabetes.BACKGROUND/AIMSObesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with the presence and severity of DR in Asian populations with diabetes.Pooled analysis of individual-level cross-sectional data from 10 010 adults with diabetes who participated in 12 population-based studies conducted in China, India, Japan, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea that were part of the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC). BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square metres and categorised into normal (<25 kg/m2, reference), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Any-DR (n=1669) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR, n=489) were assessed from digital retinal photographs and graded according to standard protocols. Each study was analysed separately using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin A1c%, systolic blood pressure and diabetes duration, and the estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) from all studies were then combined using random-effects models.METHODSPooled analysis of individual-level cross-sectional data from 10 010 adults with diabetes who participated in 12 population-based studies conducted in China, India, Japan, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea that were part of the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC). BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square metres and categorised into normal (<25 kg/m2, reference), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Any-DR (n=1669) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR, n=489) were assessed from digital retinal photographs and graded according to standard protocols. Each study was analysed separately using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin A1c%, systolic blood pressure and diabetes duration, and the estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) from all studies were then combined using random-effects models.In multivariable models, obesity showed a significant inverse association with any-DR (pooled OR (95% CI) =0.74 (0.59 to 0.91)) and VTDR (0.75 (0.60 to 0.93)). Similarly, in continuous analysis, BMI showed a significant inverse association with both any-DR (0.93 (0.87 to 0.99)) and VTDR (0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) per SD increase). Overweight did not show a significant association with any-DR.RESULTSIn multivariable models, obesity showed a significant inverse association with any-DR (pooled OR (95% CI) =0.74 (0.59 to 0.91)) and VTDR (0.75 (0.60 to 0.93)). Similarly, in continuous analysis, BMI showed a significant inverse association with both any-DR (0.93 (0.87 to 0.99)) and VTDR (0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) per SD increase). Overweight did not show a significant association with any-DR.Among Asian adults with diabetes, both BMI and obesity showed an inverse association with DR. These findings warrant confirmation in further longitudinal studies.CONCLUSIONSAmong Asian adults with diabetes, both BMI and obesity showed an inverse association with DR. These findings warrant confirmation in further longitudinal studies. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with the presence and severity of DR in Asian populations with diabetes. Pooled analysis of individual-level cross-sectional data from 10 010 adults with diabetes who participated in 12 population-based studies conducted in China, India, Japan, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea that were part of the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC). BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square metres and categorised into normal (<25 kg/m , reference), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m ) and obese (≥30 kg/m ). Any-DR (n=1669) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR, n=489) were assessed from digital retinal photographs and graded according to standard protocols. Each study was analysed separately using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin A1c%, systolic blood pressure and diabetes duration, and the estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) from all studies were then combined using random-effects models. In multivariable models, obesity showed a significant inverse association with any-DR (pooled OR (95% CI) =0.74 (0.59 to 0.91)) and VTDR (0.75 (0.60 to 0.93)). Similarly, in continuous analysis, BMI showed a significant inverse association with both any-DR (0.93 (0.87 to 0.99)) and VTDR (0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) per SD increase). Overweight did not show a significant association with any-DR. Among Asian adults with diabetes, both BMI and obesity showed an inverse association with DR. These findings warrant confirmation in further longitudinal studies.
Author	Mohan, Sunita Tham, Yih Chung Wang, Ya Xing Bikbov, Mukharram M Jonas, Jost B Raman, Rajiv Song, Su Jeong Nangia, Vinay Sultana, Rehena Banu, Riswana Chee, Miao Li Cheng, Ching Yu Rim, Tyler Sabanayagam, Charumathi Tai, E Shyong Fujiwara, Kohta Wong, Tien Yin
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publication-title: Mayo Clin Proc doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.01.008 – volume: 54 start-page: 6827 year: 2013 article-title: Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Korea National health and nutrition examination survey 2008-2011 publication-title: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12654 – volume: 7 start-page: 140 year: 2019 article-title: Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review publication-title: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30128-1 – volume: 3 start-page: 141 year: 2002 article-title: Asians are different from Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index/body fat per cent relationship publication-title: Obes Rev doi: 10.1046/j.1467-789X.2002.00065.x – volume: 35 start-page: 556 year: 2012 article-title: Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy publication-title: Diabetes Care doi: 10.2337/dc11-1909 – volume: 25 start-page: 1320 year: 2002 article-title: Blood pressure, lipids, and obesity are associated with retinopathy: the hoorn study publication-title: Diabetes Care doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1320 – volume: 304 start-page: 649 year: 2010 article-title: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008 publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1111 – volume: 32 start-page: 322 year: 2012 article-title: Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Beijing communities diabetes study 6 publication-title: Retina doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31821c4252 – volume: 96 year: 2017 article-title: Body mass index and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis and systematic review publication-title: Medicine doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006754 – volume: 47 start-page: 209 year: 2010 article-title: Association of obesity with diabetic retinopathy: Sankara Nethralaya diabetic retinopathy epidemiology and molecular genetics study (SN-DREAMS report No. 8) publication-title: Acta Diabetol doi: 10.1007/s00592-009-0113-8 – volume: 246 start-page: 1519 year: 2008 article-title: Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy. The Beijing eye study 2006 publication-title: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol doi: 10.1007/s00417-008-0884-6 – volume: 41 start-page: 2377 year: 2018 article-title: Estimated resting metabolic rate and body composition measures are strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy in Indonesian adults with type 2 diabetes publication-title: Diabetes Care doi: 10.2337/dc18-1074 – volume: 141 start-page: 446 year: 2006 article-title: Diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic cohort in the United States publication-title: Am J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.063 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.14 doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1111 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.15 doi: 10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.9 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.01.008 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.34 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.05.011 – volume: 47 start-page: 209 year: 2010 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.5 article-title: Association of obesity with diabetic retinopathy: Sankara Nethralaya diabetic retinopathy epidemiology and molecular genetics study (SN-DREAMS report No. 8) publication-title: Acta Diabetol doi: 10.1007/s00592-009-0113-8 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.27 doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00475-5 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.17 doi: 10.2337/dc18-1074 – volume: 96 year: 2017 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.30 article-title: Body mass index and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis and systematic review publication-title: Medicine – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.3 doi: 10.2337/dc11-1909 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.26 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.11.014 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.37 doi: 10.2337/dc16-2641 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.10 doi: 10.1210/er.2017-00253 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.8 doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1320 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.12 doi: 10.1046/j.1467-789X.2002.00065.x – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.16 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62124-3 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.1 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843 – volume: 147 start-page: 448 year: 1998 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.19 article-title: Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in the multiethnic population of Mauritius publication-title: Am J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009470 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.33 doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9282 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.18 doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31821c4252 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.13 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.063 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.4 doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-7208 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.11 doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.32 doi: 10.2337/dcS13-2023 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.28 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.35 doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002741 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.24 doi: 10.2337/dc12-2377 – volume: 52 start-page: 73 year: 2015 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.6 article-title: Body mass index and retinopathy in Asian populations with diabetes mellitus publication-title: Acta Diabetol doi: 10.1007/s00592-014-0602-2 – volume: 7 start-page: 140 year: 2019 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.29 article-title: Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review publication-title: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30128-1 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.31 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.003 – volume: 134 year: 2016 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.7 article-title: Obesity and diabetic retinopathy: new perspectives publication-title: JAMA Ophthalmol doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.5178 – volume: 24 start-page: 303 year: 2017 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.25 article-title: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in urban slums: the Aditya Jyot diabetic retinopathy in urban Mumbai slums Study-Report 2 publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol doi: 10.1080/09286586.2017.1290258 – volume: 33 start-page: 980 year: 2019 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.22 article-title: Relationship between body fat and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide survey in Korea publication-title: Eye doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0352-z – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.20 doi: 10.1007/s00417-008-0884-6 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.21 doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12654 – volume: 134 start-page: 251 year: 2016 ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.36 article-title: Differential association of generalized and abdominal obesity with diabetic retinopathy in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes publication-title: JAMA Ophthalmol doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.5103 – ident: 2023062822101720000_106.7.980.23 doi: 10.1136/bjo.2010.198275
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Snippet	Background/aimsObesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians.... Obesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes, but its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is inconclusive, in particular in Asians. We aimed to...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Asian People Body Mass Index Clinical science Consortia Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology Ethnicity Humans Meta-analysis Obesity Overweight Population Population-based studies retina Risk Factors Sample size Statistical analysis
Title	Association between body mass index and diabetic retinopathy in Asians: the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC) study
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