International Olympic Committee consensus statement: harassment and abuse (non-accidental violence) in sport
Despite the well-recognised benefits of sport, there are also negative influences on athlete health, well-being and integrity caused by non-accidental violence through harassment and abuse. All athletes have a right to engage in ‘safe sport’, defined as an athletic environment that is respectful, eq...
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| Vydáno v: | British journal of sports medicine Ročník 50; číslo 17; s. 1019 - 1029 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article Konferenční příspěvek |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
England
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
01.09.2016
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| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0306-3674, 1473-0480 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | Despite the well-recognised benefits of sport, there are also negative influences on athlete health, well-being and integrity caused by non-accidental violence through harassment and abuse. All athletes have a right to engage in ‘safe sport’, defined as an athletic environment that is respectful, equitable and free from all forms of non-accidental violence to athletes. Yet, these issues represent a blind spot for many sport organisations through fear of reputational damage, ignorance, silence or collusion. This consensus statement extends the 2007 IOC Consensus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport, presenting additional evidence of several other types of harassment and abuse—psychological, physical and neglect. All ages and types of athletes are susceptible to these problems but science confirms that elite, disabled, child and lesbian/gay/bisexual/trans-sexual (LGBT) athletes are at highest risk, that psychological abuse is at the core of all other forms and that athletes can also be perpetrators. Harassment and abuse arise from prejudices expressed through power differences. Perpetrators use a range of interpersonal mechanisms including contact, non-contact/verbal, cyber-based, negligence, bullying and hazing. Attention is paid to the particular risks facing child athletes, athletes with a disability and LGBT athletes. Impacts on the individual athlete and the organisation are discussed. Sport stakeholders are encouraged to consider the wider social parameters of these issues, including cultures of secrecy and deference that too often facilitate abuse, rather than focusing simply on psychopathological causes. The promotion of safe sport is an urgent task and part of the broader international imperative for good governance in sport. A systematic multiagency approach to prevention is most effective, involving athletes, entourage members, sport managers, medical and therapeutic practitioners, educators and criminal justice agencies. Structural and cultural remedies, as well as practical recommendations, are suggested for sport organisations, athletes, sports medicine and allied disciplines, sport scientists and researchers. The successful prevention and eradication of abuse and harassment against athletes rests on the effectiveness of leadership by the major international and national sport organisations. |
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| AbstractList | Despite the well-recognised benefits of sport, there are also negative influences on athlete health, well-being and integrity caused by non-accidental violence through harassment and abuse. All athletes have a right to engage in ‘safe sport’, defined as an athletic environment that is respectful, equitable and free from all forms of non-accidental violence to athletes. Yet, these issues represent a blind spot for many sport organisations through fear of reputational damage, ignorance, silence or collusion. This consensus statement extends the 2007 IOC Consensus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport, presenting additional evidence of several other types of harassment and abuse—psychological, physical and neglect. All ages and types of athletes are susceptible to these problems but science confirms that elite, disabled, child and lesbian/gay/bisexual/trans-sexual (LGBT) athletes are at highest risk, that psychological abuse is at the core of all other forms and that athletes can also be perpetrators. Harassment and abuse arise from prejudices expressed through power differences. Perpetrators use a range of interpersonal mechanisms including contact, non-contact/verbal, cyber-based, negligence, bullying and hazing. Attention is paid to the particular risks facing child athletes, athletes with a disability and LGBT athletes. Impacts on the individual athlete and the organisation are discussed. Sport stakeholders are encouraged to consider the wider social parameters of these issues, including cultures of secrecy and deference that too often facilitate abuse, rather than focusing simply on psychopathological causes. The promotion of safe sport is an urgent task and part of the broader international imperative for good governance in sport. A systematic multiagency approach to prevention is most effective, involving athletes, entourage members, sport managers, medical and therapeutic practitioners, educators and criminal justice agencies. Structural and cultural remedies, as well as practical recommendations, are suggested for sport organisations, athletes, sports medicine and allied disciplines, sport scientists and researchers. The successful prevention and eradication of abuse and harassment against athletes rests on the effectiveness of leadership by the major international and national sport organisations. |
| Author | Carska-Sheppard, Andrea Kirby, Sandra Martin, Kathy Budgett, Richard Starr, Katherine Mountjoy, Margo Arrington, Malia Fasting, Kari Leahy, Trisha Tiivas, Anne Brackenridge, Celia Blauwet, Cheri Marks, Saul |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Margo surname: Mountjoy fullname: Mountjoy, Margo email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: FINA Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Celia surname: Brackenridge fullname: Brackenridge, Celia email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: University of Brunel, London, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Malia surname: Arrington fullname: Arrington, Malia email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: United States Oympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Cheri surname: Blauwet fullname: Blauwet, Cheri email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: Harvard University, Boston, Massachusets, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Andrea surname: Carska-Sheppard fullname: Carska-Sheppard, Andrea email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: General Counsel Workplace Options LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Kari surname: Fasting fullname: Fasting, Kari email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: Department of Social and Cultural Studies, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Akershus, Norway – sequence: 7 givenname: Sandra orcidid: 0000-0002-2274-4241 surname: Kirby fullname: Kirby, Sandra email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada – sequence: 8 givenname: Trisha surname: Leahy fullname: Leahy, Trisha email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: Hong Kong Sport Institute, Hong Kong – sequence: 9 givenname: Saul surname: Marks fullname: Marks, Saul email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 10 givenname: Kathy surname: Martin fullname: Martin, Kathy email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: International Tennis Federation, London, UK – sequence: 11 givenname: Katherine surname: Starr fullname: Starr, Katherine email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: SafeAthletes, Los Angeles, California, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Anne surname: Tiivas fullname: Tiivas, Anne email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: Child Protection in Sport Unit, National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, London, UK – sequence: 13 givenname: Richard surname: Budgett fullname: Budgett, Richard email: mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca organization: IOC Medical and Scientific Department, Lausanne, Switzerland |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118273$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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18 Bucchianeri, Eisenberg, Wall 2014; 54 Johansson 2013; 18 Van Volkom, Stapley, Amaturro 2014; 16 Moorman, Masteralexis 2008; 18 Davison, Stein 2014; 16 Lundy 2010; 7 Mulveen, Hepworth 2006; 11 Parent, Demers 2001; 20 Brackenridge, Kirby 1997; 32 Crow, Macintosh 2009; 9 Fletcher 2013; 18 Burke 2003; 30 Mullen, Martin, Anderson 1996; 20 Rintaugu, Kamau, Amusa 2014; 20 Hart, Binggeli, Brassard 1998; 1 Kent, Waller 2000; 20 Sullivan, Knutson 2000; 24 Kamm 1998; 7 Pegararo 2010; 3 Yukhymenko-Lescroart, Brown, Paskus 2015; 4 Fasting, Brackenridge, Miller 2008; 6 Kirby, Demers, Parent 2008; 6 Kainz 2015 2015 Nurka 2013; 38 Crosset 1999; 51 Malkin, Johnston, Brackenridge 2000; 5 McLean Sobsey, Doe 1991; 9 Noble, Vermillion 2014; 38 Grevers 2011 Parent, Hlimi 2013; 37 Fasting, Brackenridge, Walseth 2007; 19 Ljungqvist, Mountjoy, Brackenridge 2008; 6 Connor 2009; 12 Stafford, Alexander, Fry 2015; 22 Timpka, Finch, Goulet 2008; 38 Bergeron, Mountjoy, Armstrong 2015; 49 Brackenridge, Bringer, Bishopp 2005; 14 Higgins, McCabe 2000; 9 Marks, Mountjoy, Marcus 2012; 46 Marasescu 2014; 13 Johnson, Holman 2009; 80 Brackenridge, Fasting 2005; 13 Wells, Ruddell, Paisley 2006; 77 Hartill 2009; 12 Bringer, Brackenridge, Johnston 2002; 8 Brackenridge, Pitchford, Wilson 2011; 16 Leahy, Pretty, Tenenbaum 2002; 8 Tomlinson, Yorganci 1997; 21 Mountjoy, Sundgot-Borgen, Burke 2014; 48 Capretto, Keeler 2012; 36 Elendu, Umeakuka 2011; 33 Parent, Lavoie, Thibodeau 2015 Cowie 2013; 37 2015 Hodge, Lonsdale 2011; 33 Burke 2001; 28 Djeddah, Facchin, Ranzato 2000; 51 Brackenridge 2015; 2 Van Rheenen 2013; 48 Dixon 2007; 1 Rainey 2012; 35 Brackenridge, Fasting 2002; 8 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.14 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.13 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.12 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.11 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.203 Brackenridge (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.28) 2005; 13 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.202 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.204 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.207 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.206 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.209 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.208 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.18 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.17 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.16 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.15 Davison (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.88) 2014; 16 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.201 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.19 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.200 LaVetter (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.193) 2010; 5 Tofler (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.140) 2005; 24 Parent (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.167) 2001; 20 Kamm (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.221) 1998; 7 Chroni (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.56) 2009; 7 Van Niekerk (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.68) 2010; 16 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.52 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.51 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.58 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.57 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.55 Demers (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.134) 2006; 6 Johnson (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.114) 2009; 80 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.59 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.43 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.42 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.40 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.47 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.46 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.45 Lindhorst (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.75) 2015; 47 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.44 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.195 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.194 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.49 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.197 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.48 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.196 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.199 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.198 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.32 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.31 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.30 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.36 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.191 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.35 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.190 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.34 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.33 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.192 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.184 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.39 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.183 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.38 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.185 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.188 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.187 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.189 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.21 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.20 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.25 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.180 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.24 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.23 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.182 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.22 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.181 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.29 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.173 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.27 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.175 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.26 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.174 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.177 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.176 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.179 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.98 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.97 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.96 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.95 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.171 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.99 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.170 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.94 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.93 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.92 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.91 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.169 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.162 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.161 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.164 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.163 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.165 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.168 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.87 Gunduz (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.54) 2007; 10 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.86 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.85 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.89 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.160 Leahy (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.166) 2001; 13 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.83 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.82 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.81 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.80 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.159 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.158 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.151 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.150 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.153 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.152 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.155 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.154 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.157 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.156 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.73 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.79 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.78 Elendu (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.63) 2011; 33 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.77 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.72 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.71 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.70 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.148 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.147 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.149 Brackenridge (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.172) 2015; 2 Velasquez (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.219) 2003; 8 Raakman (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.41) 2010; 4 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.142 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.141 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.144 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.143 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.146 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.145 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.65 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.64 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.62 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.69 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.67 Marasescu (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.76) 2014; 13 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.66 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.61 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.60 Rainey (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.84) 2012; 35 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.137 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.136 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.139 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.138 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.131 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.130 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.133 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.132 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.135 Bryan (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.205) 2014; 27 Singh (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.178) 2005; 27 Stewart (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.74) 2013; 70 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.126 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.125 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.128 Timpka (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.50) 2015; 14 Van Volkom (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.90) 2014; 16 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.127 Wells (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.186) 2006; 77 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.129 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.120 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.122 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.121 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.124 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.123 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.115 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.117 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.116 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.1 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.119 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.118 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.3 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.2 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.5 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.4 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.7 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.6 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.9 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.111 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.8 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.110 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.113 Rintaugu (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.53) 2014; 20 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.112 Lundy (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.108) 2010; 7 Vanden Auweele (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.10) 2010; 5 Hart (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.37) 1998; 1 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.104 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.225 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.103 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.224 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.106 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.227 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.105 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.226 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.229 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.107 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.228 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.109 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.100 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.220 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.102 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.223 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.101 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.222 McGlone (2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.215) 2010; 7 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.214 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.213 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.216 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.218 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.217 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.210 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.212 2024051411180701000_50.17.1019.211 |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Age Athletes - psychology Athletes with disabilities Bullying Bullying - prevention & control Child Corporate culture Emotional abuse Exercise - psychology Female Gays & lesbians Harassment, Non-Sexual - prevention & control Harassment, Non-Sexual - psychology Homosexuality - psychology Human rights Humans Male Malpractice Organizational Culture Physical Abuse - prevention & control Physical Abuse - psychology Post traumatic stress disorder Prejudice - prevention & control Prejudice - psychology Sex crimes Sexual abuse Sexual harassment Sexual Harassment - prevention & control Sexual Harassment - psychology Sexually transmitted diseases Sports - psychology Sports for Persons with Disabilities - psychology Sports Medicine - standards STD Threats Violence Violence - prevention & control Violence - psychology Young Adult |
| Title | International Olympic Committee consensus statement: harassment and abuse (non-accidental violence) in sport |
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